生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 243-257. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.09330
所属专题: 中国的森林生物多样性监测
李亮1,2, 刘海丰1, 白帆1,2, 祝燕1, 李广起1,2, 李文超1, 桑卫国1,*()
收稿日期:
2010-12-29
接受日期:
2011-03-14
出版日期:
2011-03-20
发布日期:
2011-06-01
通讯作者:
桑卫国
作者简介:
*E-mail: swg@ibcas.ac.cn基金资助:
Liang Li1,2, Haifeng Liu1, Fan Bai1,2, Yan Zhu1, Guangqi Li1,2, Wenchao Li1, Weiguo Sang1,*()
Received:
2010-12-29
Accepted:
2011-03-14
Online:
2011-03-20
Published:
2011-06-01
Contact:
Weiguo Sang
摘要:
植被的群落构成是决定森林演替方向的重要因素之一。辽东栎林(Quercus wutaishanica forest, QWF)、棘皮桦林(Betula dahurica forest, BDF)、胡桃楸林(Juglans mandshurica forest, JMF)与杂木林(mixed forest, MF)是东灵山地区4种典型的暖温带落叶阔叶次生林。为了更好地了解东灵山地区暖温带落叶阔叶次生林植被动态, 我们对该4种林型的物种组成与群落结构进行了综合分析。参照巴拿马(Barro Colorado Island, BCI) 50 ha热带雨林样地的技术规范, 于2009年在北京东灵山地区以上4个林型中各建立了一块1 ha样地, 对样地中所有胸径大于1 cm的木本个体进行了坐标定位和调查。结果表明, QWF样地有22种, 属于20科20属; BDF样地共22种, 属于16科18属; JMF样地30种, 隶属于21科23属; MF样地19种, 隶属于14科15属。从物种多度、平均胸径、胸高断面积和重要值等指标来看,各群落具有比较明显的优势种; 4个样地所有树种的径级分布均呈倒“J”型, 具有良好的更新层; 共有树种的径级分布在不同样地有所不同, 如辽东栎在QWF样地呈偏态分布, 在BDF样地则为倒“J”型分布, 而棘皮桦在QWF和BDF样地都呈正态分布, 但是径级分布有所差异, 表明径级结构与群落类型有密切关系。
李亮, 刘海丰, 白帆, 祝燕, 李广起, 李文超, 桑卫国 (2011) 东灵山4种落叶阔叶次生林的物种组成与群落结构. 生物多样性, 19, 243-257. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.09330.
Liang Li, Haifeng Liu, Fan Bai, Yan Zhu, Guangqi Li, Wenchao Li, Weiguo Sang (2011) Species composition and community structure of four deciduous broad- leaved secondary forest in Dongling Mountain. Biodiversity Science, 19, 243-257. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.09330.
分布区类型 Areal-types | 辽东栎林 QWF | 棘皮桦林 BDF | 胡桃楸林 JMF | 杂木林 MF | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
属数 No. of genera (%) | 属数 No. of genera (%) | 属数 No. of genera (%) | 属数 No. of genera (%) | ||||
1 世界广布 Cosmopolitan | 0 (0.00) | 1 (5.56) | 1 (4.55) | 1 (6.67) | |||
8 北温带 North Temperate Zone | 15 (75.00) | 12 (66.67) | 16 (72.73) | 9 (60.00) | |||
9 东亚及北美间断 East Asia & North America disjuncted | 3 (15.00) | 2 (11.11) | 2 (9.09) | 2 (13.33) | |||
10 旧世界温带 Old World Temperate | 1 (5.00) | 2 (11.11) | 2 (9.09) | 2 (13.33) | |||
14 东亚 East Asia | 1 (5.00) | 1 (5.56) | 1 (4.55) | 1 (6.67) | |||
合计 Total | 20 (100.00) | 18 (100.00) | 22 (100.00) | 15 (100.00) |
表1 4种林型样地木本植物群落种子植物属的分布区类型
Table 1 Distribution types of spermatophyte in the four forest type plots
分布区类型 Areal-types | 辽东栎林 QWF | 棘皮桦林 BDF | 胡桃楸林 JMF | 杂木林 MF | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
属数 No. of genera (%) | 属数 No. of genera (%) | 属数 No. of genera (%) | 属数 No. of genera (%) | ||||
1 世界广布 Cosmopolitan | 0 (0.00) | 1 (5.56) | 1 (4.55) | 1 (6.67) | |||
8 北温带 North Temperate Zone | 15 (75.00) | 12 (66.67) | 16 (72.73) | 9 (60.00) | |||
9 东亚及北美间断 East Asia & North America disjuncted | 3 (15.00) | 2 (11.11) | 2 (9.09) | 2 (13.33) | |||
10 旧世界温带 Old World Temperate | 1 (5.00) | 2 (11.11) | 2 (9.09) | 2 (13.33) | |||
14 东亚 East Asia | 1 (5.00) | 1 (5.56) | 1 (4.55) | 1 (6.67) | |||
合计 Total | 20 (100.00) | 18 (100.00) | 22 (100.00) | 15 (100.00) |
物种名 Species | 多度 Abundance | 平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm) | 胸高断面积 Basal area (m2/ha) | 重要值 Importance value |
---|---|---|---|---|
辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest (QWF) 辽东栎 Quercus wutaishanica | 323 | 19.48 | 96,264.1 | 25.48 |
棘皮桦 Betula dahurica | 178 | 19.56 | 53,478.1 | 15.87 |
色木槭 Acer mono | 595 | 3.22 | 4,831.8 | 13.64 |
六道木 Abelia biflora | 153 | 3.65 | 1,598.4 | 5.64 |
照山白 Rhododendron micranthum | 293 | 3.00 | 2,064.1 | 7.50 |
山杨 Populus davidiana | 97 | 10.75 | 8,807.6 | 5.60 |
毛叶丁香 Syringa pubescens | 104 | 3.03 | 751.6 | 3.95 |
白桦 Betula platyphylla | 28 | 22.76 | 11,386.3 | 4.05 |
毛榛 Corylus mandshurica | 311 | 2.38 | 1,387.2 | 6.20 |
迎红杜鹃 Rhododendron mucronulatum | 43 | 2.39 | 193.5 | 2.29 |
大叶白蜡 Fraxinus rhynchophylla | 20 | 3.92 | 240.8 | 1.63 |
蒿柳 Salix viminalis | 10 | 15.18 | 1,808.5 | 1.44 |
沙梾 Swida bretschneideri | 15 | 2.55 | 76.8 | 1.04 |
榆树 Ulmus pumila | 8 | 26.14 | 4,292.2 | 1.53 |
总计 Total | 2,178 | 138.03 | 187,181.0 | 95.85 |
棘皮桦林 Betula dahurica forest (BDF) | ||||
辽东栎 Quercus wutaishanica | 910 | 10.18 | 74,063.5 | 23.15 |
棘皮桦 Betula dahurica | 627 | 12.84 | 81,156.4 | 22.02 |
大叶白蜡 Fraxinus rhynchophylla | 1,063 | 5.36 | 23,982.9 | 16.11 |
六道木 Abelia biflora | 427 | 3.08 | 3,179.1 | 7.36 |
色木槭 Acer mono | 274 | 5.30 | 6,043.7 | 6.59 |
照山白 Rhododendron micranthum | 237 | 2.48 | 1,147.4 | 4.78 |
北京丁香 Syringa pekinensis | 206 | 2.60 | 1,096.1 | 4.52 |
土庄绣线菊 Spiraea pubescens | 46 | 1.21 | 53.1 | 2.90 |
蒙椴 Tilia mongolica | 81 | 9.45 | 5,675.1 | 3.98 |
大果榆 Ulmus macrocarpa | 81 | 6.51 | 2,695.1 | 2.09 |
胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor | 24 | 1.23 | 28.7 | 1.18 |
山桃 Amygdalus davidiana | 16 | 5.79 | 421.5 | 1.04 |
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | 46 | 5.60 | 1,134.2 | 1.26 |
总计 Total | 4,038 | 71.65 | 200,676.8 | 96.97 |
胡桃楸林 Juglans mandshurica forest (JMF) | ||||
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica | 305 | 13.76 | 45,359.2 | 20.81 |
大叶白蜡 Fraxinus rhynchophylla | 598 | 5.83 | 15,949.4 | 16.90 |
北京丁香 Syringa pekinensis | 366 | 5.78 | 9,614.8 | 11.49 |
山杨 Populus davidiana | 58 | 18.52 | 15,611.6 | 6.41 |
土庄绣线菊 Spiraea pubescens | 195 | 1.33 | 271.8 | 5.85 |
辽东栎 Quercus wutaishanica | 88 | 9.36 | 6,046.3 | 4.72 |
蒙椴 Tilia mongolica | 77 | 9.04 | 4,944.0 | 4.49 |
六道木 Abelia biflora | 97 | 3.15 | 754.1 | 3.70 |
小花溲疏 Deutzia parviflora | 57 | 1.87 | 156.1 | 3.31 |
棘皮桦 Betula dahurica | 39 | 11.71 | 4,197.0 | 3.16 |
山桃 Amygdalus davidiana | 79 | 5.15 | 1,642.7 | 3.02 |
大果榆 Ulmus macrocarpa | 56 | 4.51 | 892.9 | 2.45 |
色木槭 Acer mono | 34 | 6.97 | 1,295.3 | 2.10 |
榆树 Ulmus pumila | 20 | 6.97 | 763.5 | 1.73 |
黄花柳 Salix caprea | 3 | 39.60 | 3,693.4 | 1.27 |
鼠李 Rhamnus davurica | 15 | 2.44 | 70.1 | 1.18 |
照山白 Rhododendron micranthum | 13 | 2.62 | 70.1 | 1.15 |
青杨 Populus cathayana | 10 | 8.04 | 507.1 | 1.10 |
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | 18 | 6.12 | 529.0 | 1.10 |
大花溲疏 Deutzia grandiflora | 9 | 1.38 | 13.4 | 1.07 |
山杏 Armeniaca sibirica | 25 | 4.67 | 426.6 | 1.04 |
总计 Total | 2,162 | 168.80 | 112,808.4 | 98.05 |
杂木林 mixed forest (MF) | ||||
山桃 Amygdalus davidiana | 927 | 3.45 | 8,651.1 | 17.35 |
辽东栎 Quercus wutaishanica | 208 | 13.69 | 30,619.7 | 16.37 |
大果榆 Ulmus macrocarpa | 624 | 5.30 | 13,773.4 | 15.81 |
大叶白蜡 Fraxinus rhynchophylla | 313 | 6.76 | 11,212.1 | 11.32 |
北京丁香 Syringa pekinensis | 278 | 6.94 | 10,517.8 | 9.62 |
土庄绣线菊 Spiraea pubescens | 207 | 1.35 | 296.6 | 6.10 |
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica | 44 | 17.06 | 10,053.3 | 5.26 |
色木槭 Acer mono | 87 | 8.51 | 4,948 | 4.70 |
鼠李 Rhamnus davurica | 72 | 2.51 | 355.2 | 3.96 |
山荆子 Malus baccata | 28 | 7.76 | 1,324.1 | 1.84 |
棘皮桦 Betula dahurica | 9 | 18.18 | 2,334.4 | 1.38 |
胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor | 13 | 2.27 | 52.7 | 1.37 |
小花溲疏 Deutzia parviflora | 33 | 1.48 | 56.6 | 1.30 |
圆叶鼠李 Rhamnus globosa | 14 | 1.94 | 41.2 | 1.23 |
总计 Total | 2,857 | 97.20 | 94,236.2 | 97.61 |
附表I 东灵山4个1 ha样地内重要值≥1的物种
Table 2 Table I Species with the importance value≥1 in the four 1-ha plots
物种名 Species | 多度 Abundance | 平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm) | 胸高断面积 Basal area (m2/ha) | 重要值 Importance value |
---|---|---|---|---|
辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest (QWF) 辽东栎 Quercus wutaishanica | 323 | 19.48 | 96,264.1 | 25.48 |
棘皮桦 Betula dahurica | 178 | 19.56 | 53,478.1 | 15.87 |
色木槭 Acer mono | 595 | 3.22 | 4,831.8 | 13.64 |
六道木 Abelia biflora | 153 | 3.65 | 1,598.4 | 5.64 |
照山白 Rhododendron micranthum | 293 | 3.00 | 2,064.1 | 7.50 |
山杨 Populus davidiana | 97 | 10.75 | 8,807.6 | 5.60 |
毛叶丁香 Syringa pubescens | 104 | 3.03 | 751.6 | 3.95 |
白桦 Betula platyphylla | 28 | 22.76 | 11,386.3 | 4.05 |
毛榛 Corylus mandshurica | 311 | 2.38 | 1,387.2 | 6.20 |
迎红杜鹃 Rhododendron mucronulatum | 43 | 2.39 | 193.5 | 2.29 |
大叶白蜡 Fraxinus rhynchophylla | 20 | 3.92 | 240.8 | 1.63 |
蒿柳 Salix viminalis | 10 | 15.18 | 1,808.5 | 1.44 |
沙梾 Swida bretschneideri | 15 | 2.55 | 76.8 | 1.04 |
榆树 Ulmus pumila | 8 | 26.14 | 4,292.2 | 1.53 |
总计 Total | 2,178 | 138.03 | 187,181.0 | 95.85 |
棘皮桦林 Betula dahurica forest (BDF) | ||||
辽东栎 Quercus wutaishanica | 910 | 10.18 | 74,063.5 | 23.15 |
棘皮桦 Betula dahurica | 627 | 12.84 | 81,156.4 | 22.02 |
大叶白蜡 Fraxinus rhynchophylla | 1,063 | 5.36 | 23,982.9 | 16.11 |
六道木 Abelia biflora | 427 | 3.08 | 3,179.1 | 7.36 |
色木槭 Acer mono | 274 | 5.30 | 6,043.7 | 6.59 |
照山白 Rhododendron micranthum | 237 | 2.48 | 1,147.4 | 4.78 |
北京丁香 Syringa pekinensis | 206 | 2.60 | 1,096.1 | 4.52 |
土庄绣线菊 Spiraea pubescens | 46 | 1.21 | 53.1 | 2.90 |
蒙椴 Tilia mongolica | 81 | 9.45 | 5,675.1 | 3.98 |
大果榆 Ulmus macrocarpa | 81 | 6.51 | 2,695.1 | 2.09 |
胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor | 24 | 1.23 | 28.7 | 1.18 |
山桃 Amygdalus davidiana | 16 | 5.79 | 421.5 | 1.04 |
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | 46 | 5.60 | 1,134.2 | 1.26 |
总计 Total | 4,038 | 71.65 | 200,676.8 | 96.97 |
胡桃楸林 Juglans mandshurica forest (JMF) | ||||
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica | 305 | 13.76 | 45,359.2 | 20.81 |
大叶白蜡 Fraxinus rhynchophylla | 598 | 5.83 | 15,949.4 | 16.90 |
北京丁香 Syringa pekinensis | 366 | 5.78 | 9,614.8 | 11.49 |
山杨 Populus davidiana | 58 | 18.52 | 15,611.6 | 6.41 |
土庄绣线菊 Spiraea pubescens | 195 | 1.33 | 271.8 | 5.85 |
辽东栎 Quercus wutaishanica | 88 | 9.36 | 6,046.3 | 4.72 |
蒙椴 Tilia mongolica | 77 | 9.04 | 4,944.0 | 4.49 |
六道木 Abelia biflora | 97 | 3.15 | 754.1 | 3.70 |
小花溲疏 Deutzia parviflora | 57 | 1.87 | 156.1 | 3.31 |
棘皮桦 Betula dahurica | 39 | 11.71 | 4,197.0 | 3.16 |
山桃 Amygdalus davidiana | 79 | 5.15 | 1,642.7 | 3.02 |
大果榆 Ulmus macrocarpa | 56 | 4.51 | 892.9 | 2.45 |
色木槭 Acer mono | 34 | 6.97 | 1,295.3 | 2.10 |
榆树 Ulmus pumila | 20 | 6.97 | 763.5 | 1.73 |
黄花柳 Salix caprea | 3 | 39.60 | 3,693.4 | 1.27 |
鼠李 Rhamnus davurica | 15 | 2.44 | 70.1 | 1.18 |
照山白 Rhododendron micranthum | 13 | 2.62 | 70.1 | 1.15 |
青杨 Populus cathayana | 10 | 8.04 | 507.1 | 1.10 |
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica | 18 | 6.12 | 529.0 | 1.10 |
大花溲疏 Deutzia grandiflora | 9 | 1.38 | 13.4 | 1.07 |
山杏 Armeniaca sibirica | 25 | 4.67 | 426.6 | 1.04 |
总计 Total | 2,162 | 168.80 | 112,808.4 | 98.05 |
杂木林 mixed forest (MF) | ||||
山桃 Amygdalus davidiana | 927 | 3.45 | 8,651.1 | 17.35 |
辽东栎 Quercus wutaishanica | 208 | 13.69 | 30,619.7 | 16.37 |
大果榆 Ulmus macrocarpa | 624 | 5.30 | 13,773.4 | 15.81 |
大叶白蜡 Fraxinus rhynchophylla | 313 | 6.76 | 11,212.1 | 11.32 |
北京丁香 Syringa pekinensis | 278 | 6.94 | 10,517.8 | 9.62 |
土庄绣线菊 Spiraea pubescens | 207 | 1.35 | 296.6 | 6.10 |
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica | 44 | 17.06 | 10,053.3 | 5.26 |
色木槭 Acer mono | 87 | 8.51 | 4,948 | 4.70 |
鼠李 Rhamnus davurica | 72 | 2.51 | 355.2 | 3.96 |
山荆子 Malus baccata | 28 | 7.76 | 1,324.1 | 1.84 |
棘皮桦 Betula dahurica | 9 | 18.18 | 2,334.4 | 1.38 |
胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor | 13 | 2.27 | 52.7 | 1.37 |
小花溲疏 Deutzia parviflora | 33 | 1.48 | 56.6 | 1.30 |
圆叶鼠李 Rhamnus globosa | 14 | 1.94 | 41.2 | 1.23 |
总计 Total | 2,857 | 97.20 | 94,236.2 | 97.61 |
图1 物种多度的累计分布图
Fig. 1 Cumulative distribution curve of species abundance in the study plots. QWF, Quercus wutaishanica forest; BDF, Betula dahurica forest; JMF, Juglans mandshurica forest; MF, Mixed forest.
图2 研究样地的种-面积曲线
Fig. 2 Species-area curve in the study plots. QWF, Quercus wutaishanica forest; BDF, Betula dahurica forest; JMF, Juglans mandshurica forest; MF, Mixed forest.
图3 所有物种的径级分布图
Fig. 3 Size-class distribution of all species in the study plots. QWF, Quercus wutaishanica forest; BDF, Betula dahurica forest; JMF, Juglans mandshurica forest; MF, Mixed forest.
图4 每个样地重要值占前3位的物种的径级结构
Fig. 4 Species size-class distributions of the top three species ranked by importance value in each plot. QWF, Quercus wutaishanica forest; BDF, Betula dahurica forest; JMF, Juglans mandshurica forest; MF, Mixed forest.
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