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氮添加对内蒙古典型草原线虫群落结构及生态指数的影响

程建伟1,2, 梁启瑞1, 温豪杰1, 梁海斌1, 霍娜1, 窦永静1, 郝百惠2, 刘新民3, 王欣禹2, 马文红2*   

  1. 1. 太原师范学院地理科学学院, 汾河流域地表过程与资源生态安全山西省重点实验室, 山西晋中 030619; 2. 内蒙古大学生态与环境学院, 内蒙古自治区草地生态学重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010021; 3. 内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院, 呼和浩特 010022
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-19 修回日期:2026-06-28 接受日期:2026-07-31
  • 通讯作者: 马文红
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目((31960259, 31370454)); 内蒙古自治区草地生态学重点实验室开放课题(IMKG202601); 内蒙古自治区高等学校创新团队发展计划(NMGIRT2501); 山西省基础研发计划项目(202403021211203, 202403021222280，202303021221174)

Effects of nitrogen addition on nematode community structure and ecological indices in a typical steppe of Inner Mongolia

Jianwei Cheng1,2, Qirui Liang1, Haojie Wen1, Haibin Liang1, Na Huo1, Yongjing Dou1, Baihui Hao2, Xinmin Liu3, Xinyu Wang2, Wenhong Ma2*   

  1. 1 Shanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecological Security in Fenhe River Basin, School of Geography Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, China 

    2 Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China 

    3 School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China

  • Received:2026-05-19 Revised:2026-06-28 Accepted:2026-07-31
  • Contact: Wenhong Ma

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摘要： 线虫作为土壤微食物网的核心组分，在维持土壤生物多样性及调控养分循环与转化过程中发挥着关键生态功能。尽管目前关于氮沉降对土壤动物影响的研究已较为丰富，但针对半干旱草原生态系统，凋落物层与表土层线虫群落组成对氮添加的响应规律仍缺乏系统认知。为此，本研究选取温带半干旱典型草原为研究区，设置4个氮添加梯度（0、25、50 和 100 kg N∙ha⁻¹∙yr⁻¹），分析凋落物与表层土壤线虫的群落结构特征对氮添加水平的响应特征。结果表明，(1)相较于表层土壤线虫群落，凋落物层线虫群落对氮添加的响应更为敏感，具体体现在其群落结构的显著变化：优势类群由自由生活的c-p 2线虫转变为c-p 1线虫。(2)氮添加与气候年际变化对线虫群落的影响存在交互作用，且此作用因生境而异。湿润年份中，氮添加对两类生境(凋落物层与表层土壤)的线虫多样性和生态指数无显著影响。与之相反，干旱年份下的高氮添加(N3)则显著改变了凋落物层线虫的群落结构及生态功能。(3)在凋落物层，干燥度指数、凋落物碳/氮和凋落物氮含量对线虫群落组成具有显著影响；而在土壤表层，干燥度指数、土壤含水量和植物生物量对线虫群落组成具有显著影响。研究结果不仅为理解氮沉降背景下草原线虫群落的动态演变机制提供了新见解，还明确了凋落物层在维持地下生物群落稳定性中的关键作用。

关键词: 氮添加, 线虫, 群落结构, 生态指数, 典型草原

Abstract

Aims: Nematodes are a central component of the soil micro-food web and play a critical role in maintaining soil biodiversity and driving soil nutrient cycling and transformation processes. Although numerous studies have investigated the effects of nitrogen addition on soil fauna, a systematic understanding of how nematode communities in the litter layer and surface soil respond to nitrogen enrichment in semi-arid grassland ecosystems remains lacking. 

Methods: In this study, we conducted a field experiment in a temperate semi-arid typical steppe with four N addition levels (0, 25, 50, and 100 kg N∙ha–1∙yr–1), and examined the responses of nematode community diversity and ecological indices in both litter and surface soil layers to increasing nitrogen input. 

Results: We found that: (1) Compared with the surface soil nematode community, the nematode community in the litter layer was more sensitive to N addition, as evidenced by significant shifts in community structure: the dominant functional group shifted from free-living cp2 nematodes to cp1 nematodes. (2) Nitrogen addition interacted with inter-annual climatic variation to influence nematode communities, and this interactive effect was habitat-dependent. In wet years, nitrogen addition did not significantly affect nematode diversity or ecological indices in either habitat (i.e., the litter layer and surface soil). In contrast, high-level nitrogen addition during dry years significantly altered the community structure and ecological functions of nematodes in the litter layer. (3) In the litter layer, nematode community composition was significantly influenced by the aridity index, litter carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and litter nitrogen content. In the surface soil, nematode community composition was significantly shaped by the aridity index, soil water content, and aboveground plant biomass. 

Conclusion: These findings not only provide new insights into the mechanisms driving the dynamic succession of grassland nematode communities under nitrogen deposition, but also highlight the critical role of the litter layer in maintaining the stability of belowground biotic communities.

Key words: nitrogen addition, nematode, community structure, ecological indices, typical steppe

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