西藏横断山区溪流细菌beta多样性组分对气候和水体环境的响应

doi:10.17520/biods.2019390

生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (12): 1570-1580. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019390

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

• 研究报告 • 上一篇

西藏横断山区溪流细菌beta多样性组分对气候和水体环境的响应

李明家¹^,², 吴凯媛¹^,³, 孟凡凡¹^,², 沈吉¹^,², 刘勇勤²^,⁴, 肖能文⁵^,^*(), 王建军¹^,²^,^*()

^1. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
^2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
^3. 江南大学环境与土木工程学院, 江苏无锡 214122
^4. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所, 北京 100101
^5. 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100021

收稿日期:2019-12-07 接受日期:2020-03-08 出版日期:2020-12-20 发布日期:2020-05-25
通讯作者: 肖能文,王建军
作者简介:xiaonw@163.com
*: E-mail: jjwang@niglas.ac.cn;
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20050101);国家自然科学基金(41871048);国家自然科学基金(91851117);国家自然科学基金(41571058);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划(QYZDB-SSW-DQC043)

Beta diversity of stream bacteria in Hengduan Mountains: The effects of climatic and environmental variables

Mingjia Li¹^,², Kaiyuan Wu¹^,³, Fanfan Meng¹^,², Ji Shen¹^,², Yongqin Liu²^,⁴, Nengwen Xiao⁵^,^*(), Jianjun Wang¹^,²^,^*()

^1. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008
^2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
^3. School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122
^4. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
^5. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100021

Received:2019-12-07 Accepted:2020-03-08 Online:2020-12-20 Published:2020-05-25
Contact: Nengwen Xiao,Jianjun Wang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

理解沿环境或空间梯度的群落组成变化(即beta多样性)一直是生态学和保护生物学的中心问题, 且beta多样性的形成机制及其对环境的响应已成为当前生物多样性研究的热点问题。本文以西藏横断山区怒江和澜沧江两个流域入江溪流中的细菌为研究对象, 使用Baselga的beta多样性分解方法, 基于Sørensen相异性指数将细菌的beta多样性分解为周转(turnover)和嵌套(nestedness)两个组分, 探究了细菌beta多样性及其分解组分随海拔距离的分布模式, 并且衡量了环境、气候和空间因子的相对重要性。结果表明, 两个流域中细菌的群落结构显著不同。两个流域的细菌总beta多样性和周转组分随海拔距离的增加而增加, 周转组分占总beta多样性的比例较大。气候和环境因子是两个流域中细菌总beta多样性及周转过程的重要预测因子, 并且所有的显著因子均为正相关, 其中环境因子中相关性最高的为海拔距离(R ²= 0.408, P < 0.001), 而气候因子中相关性最高的为年均温差(R ²= 0.417, P < 0.001)。方差分解结果暗示嵌套组分主要受空间扩散的影响; 总beta多样性和周转组分在环境较恶劣的澜沧江主要受环境过滤的影响, 而在环境较温和的怒江主要受空间扩散和环境过滤的共同影响。此外, 较为恶劣的环境条件会增加细菌的总beta多样性和周转率, 并且会形成更强的环境筛选作用去影响细菌群落的物种组成。我们的研究表明对西藏横断山区水体细菌多样性的保护需要从整个流域入手, 而非少量的生物多样性热点地区。

关键词: beta多样性, 周转, 嵌套, 海拔梯度, 气候, 环境筛选

Abstract

Understanding community composition variation (beta-diversity) along environmental and spatial gradients is a central interest in ecology and conservation biology. Although bacterial elevational patterns are somewhat established, their underlying processes were understudied. To better understand the patterns behind beta diversity, we investigated aquatic bacterial community composition in individual streams in Nujiang and Lancang rivers located in the Hengduan Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau. Using Baselga’s approach of beta diversity partitioning based on the Sørensen dissimilarity index, we explored the elevational patterns of turnover and nestedness through linear models and measured the relative importance of environmental, climatic, and spatial factors on bacterial beta diversity with multiple regression on distance matrices and variation partitioning analyses. Our results showed bacterial community composition differed between the Lancang and Nujiang rivers. Total beta diversity and turnover component increased with increasing elevational distance, and total beta diversity was driven by turnover component. Climatic and environmental factors were important predictors of total beta diversity and turnover component in the two catchments, and all the significant correlations were positive. The highest correlation factors were elevation distance (R ² = 0.408, P < 0.001) and mean annual temperature (R ² = 0.417, P < 0.001). The variation partitioning results suggest nestedness component was heavily affected by dispersal limitation while total beta diversity and turnover were mainly affected by environmental filtering. Moreover, harsher climate conditions will increase total beta diversity and turnover, and form stronger environmental filtering processes that impact the bacterial species composition. Our research shows that the conservation of bacterial diversity in the stream of Hengduan Mountains in Tibet needs to target the whole multiple sites, rather than a few richest sites of biodiversity.

Key words: beta diversity, turnover, nestedness, elevation gradient, climate, environmental filtering

李明家, 吴凯媛, 孟凡凡, 沈吉, 刘勇勤, 肖能文, 王建军 (2020) 西藏横断山区溪流细菌beta多样性组分对气候和水体环境的响应. 生物多样性, 28, 1570-1580. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019390.

Mingjia Li, Kaiyuan Wu, Fanfan Meng, Ji Shen, Yongqin Liu, Nengwen Xiao, Jianjun Wang (2020) Beta diversity of stream bacteria in Hengduan Mountains: The effects of climatic and environmental variables. Biodiversity Science, 28, 1570-1580. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019390.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019390

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I12/1570

图/表 5

图1 本研究在澜沧江和怒江的89条入江溪流的采样点。(a)研究区位于青藏高原东南部生物多样性热点地区。总共有37条采样溪流流入澜沧江(即澜沧江流域), 52条采样溪流流入怒江(即怒江流域)。NMDS图显示了两个流域中细菌总beta多样性(b)、周转组分(c)和嵌套组分(d)的差异。红色点和黑色点分别代表澜沧江和怒江流域的采样点。* P ≤ 0.05; ** P ≤ 0.01; *** P ≤ 0.001。

Fig. 1 The sample sites of this study along the 89 streams of Lancang River and the Nujiang River. (a) The study area is located in the biodiversity hotspot of south-eastern Tibetan Plateau. In total, 37 streams flow into the Lancang River, while 52 sampled streams flow into the Nujiang River. NMDS plots illustrate the differences in bacterial total beta diversity (b), turnover (c) and nestedness components (d) across the Lancang and Nujiang catchments. The red dots and black dots indicate the sample sites in Langcang and Nujiang catchment, respectively. * P ≤ 0.05; ** P ≤ 0.01; *** P ≤ 0.001.

图2 澜沧江和怒江流域细菌总beta多样性(a)、周转组分(b)和嵌套组分(c)与海拔距离的关系。其显著性水平分别为: * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001。

Fig. 2 Plots showing the relationship between (a) bacterial total beta diversity, (b) turnover and (c) nestedness components and elevational distance in Lancang and Nujiang catchments. * P ≤ 0.05; ** P ≤ 0.01; *** P ≤ 0.001.

图3 环境和气候因子对澜沧江和怒江两个流域的细菌总beta多样性、周转组分和嵌套组分影响的基于矩阵分析的多元回归(MRM)分析。其中实心和空心的点分别代表显著相关(P < 0.05)和不显著相关性(P > 0.05)。

Fig. 3 The environmental and climate factors related to the variance in bacterial beta diversity and its components in Lancang River and Nujiang River catchments, identified with multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM). Filled shapes and empty shapes indicate significant relationship (P < 0.05) and non-significant relationship (P > 0.05), respectively. Comp.1 and Comp.2 indicate principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to reduce the dimensions of measured metal and metalloid concentrations, and the first two axes were used as proxies for these elements. Depth, Stream depth; EC_ us, Electrical conductivity; TN, Total nitrogen; Airtemp, Mean annual temperature; Precipsum, Annual precipitation; PrecSeascov, Precipitation seasonality conditions; TempRange, Annual temperature range.

表1 环境和气候因子与最终模型的偏回归系数(R2)解释的两个流域中细菌总beta多样性、周转和嵌套组分

Table 1 The variation of bacterial total beta diversity, turnover or nestedness components in Lancang and Nujiang catchments are explained by the environmental and climate factors and the partial regression coefficients (R2) of the final model is reported.

	澜沧江流域 Lancang catchment			怒江流域 Nujiang catchment
	总beta多样性 Total beta diversity	周转组分 Turnover	嵌套组分 Nestedness	总beta多样性 Total beta diversity	周转组分 Turnover	嵌套组分 Nestedness
环境因子 Local factors
海拔 Elevation	0.43***	0.41***		0.43***	0.45***
PCA1轴 Comp.1				0.21*	0.25*
PCA2轴 Comp.2				0.22*	0.26*
酸碱度 pH				0.17*	0.15*
水深 Stream depth	0.23**	0.23***
水温 Water temperature
电导率 Electrical conductivity	0.17*	0.18*		0.24**	0.29***
总氮 Total nitrogen				0.24**	0.28***
生物膜 Biofilm	0.20*	0.17*		0.28**	0.22**
气候因子 Climate factors
年平均气温 Mean annual temperature	0.42***	0.42***		0.38***	0.41***
年降水量 Annual precipitation	0.39***	0.37***			0.19*	-0.14*
降水季节 Precipitation seasonality conditions				0.34***	0.39***	-0.11*
年温度范围 Annual temperature range	0.33*	0.34**		0.23**	0.3**	-0.15**

图4 当地环境因子(L)、气候因子(C)和空间因子(S)对两个流域细菌beta多样性、周转组分和嵌套组分的解释比例(小于0的值未显示)。左上方的面板是一般示意图。每类因子的单独解释由三角形的三个角表示。三角形的边和中心分别表示由两个或三个因素共同解释的变异百分比。(a)、(b)、(c)分别为澜沧江流域的细菌总beta多样性、周转组分和嵌套组分; (d)、(e)、(f)分别为怒江流域的细菌总beta多样性、周转组分和嵌套组分。

Fig. 4 The relative importance of environmental (L), climate (C) and spatial (S) factors in explaining the variance in bacterial beta diversity and its components in Nujiang River and Lancang River catchments. The top-left panel is the general outline. The pure variation explained by each factor is represented by the edges of the triangle. The sides and middle of the triangles indicate the percentages of variation explained by interactions of two or all factors, respectively. (a) Total beta diversity, (b) Turnover component and (c) Nestedness component in Lancang catchment. (d) Total beta diversity, (e) Turnover component and (f) Nestedness component in Nujiang catchment.

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西藏横断山区溪流细菌beta多样性组分对气候和水体环境的响应

Beta diversity of stream bacteria in Hengduan Mountains: The effects of climatic and environmental variables

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