生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 25146. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025146 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025146
王科1,2, 赵鹏1, 范国梅3, 王芳3, 刘世良1, 黄静4, 蔡磊1, 周丽伟1,*(
)
收稿日期:2025-04-25
接受日期:2025-06-27
出版日期:2025-12-20
发布日期:2026-01-09
通讯作者:
*E-mail: liwei_zhou1982@im.ac.cn
基金资助:
Ke Wang1,2, Peng Zhao1, Guomei Fan3, Fang Wang3, Shiliang Liu1, Jing Huang4, Lei Cai1, Liwei Zhou1,*()
Received:2025-04-25
Accepted:2025-06-27
Online:2025-12-20
Published:2026-01-09
Supported by:摘要：
生物资源与国民经济和社会发展息息相关, 是保障国家粮食安全、生态安全、能源安全等的重要战略资源。微生物是地球生态系统的关键组成部分, 对人类生产、生活资料的积累和可持续发展具有重要的战略意义。然而, 由于对战略微生物资源的内涵认识不清, 导致大量微生物资源通过走私、夹带等方式流失海外, 甚至出现本土灭绝。本研究针对战略微生物评价体系的空白, 首先对微生物资源的战略价值进行了基本的归类并明确流失风险点。在此基础上, 建立了一套针对微生物战略价值的评估和赋分标准。同时, 建设了战略微生物资源在线评估系统(软著登记号2024SR1032250,
王科, 赵鹏, 范国梅, 王芳, 刘世良, 黄静, 蔡磊, 周丽伟 (2025) 战略微生物资源评估方法与首批资源清单. 生物多样性, 33, 25146. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025146.
Ke Wang, Peng Zhao, Guomei Fan, Fang Wang, Shiliang Liu, Jing Huang, Lei Cai, Liwei Zhou (2025) Assessment method and the first catalogue of strategic microbial resources. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25146. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025146.
| 微生物战略等级 Categories of strategic microorganism | 得分 Score (S) |
|---|---|
| 重要战略微生物 Important strategic microorganism | S ≥ 35 |
| 普通战略微生物 General strategic microorganism | 35 > S ≥ 25 |
| 战略微生物近缘物种 Possibly strategic microorganism | 25 > S ≥ 15 |
| 暂无战略价值微生物 Not strategic microorganism | S < 15 |
表1 微生物资源战略等级划分
Table 1 Category delimitation of strategic microbial resources
| 微生物战略等级 Categories of strategic microorganism | 得分 Score (S) |
|---|---|
| 重要战略微生物 Important strategic microorganism | S ≥ 35 |
| 普通战略微生物 General strategic microorganism | 35 > S ≥ 25 |
| 战略微生物近缘物种 Possibly strategic microorganism | 25 > S ≥ 15 |
| 暂无战略价值微生物 Not strategic microorganism | S < 15 |
| 一级指标 Primary criteria | 二级指标 Secondary criteria | 三级指标 Tertiary criteria | 赋分 Score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G 国家保护策略 National conservation strategy | G1 是否入选“国家或省级保护名录” Included in the national or provincial protection list | 入选国家级保护名录 Included in the national protection list | 3 | ||||
| 入选省级保护名录 Included in the provincial protection list | 1 | ||||||
| 未入选保护名录 Not included in protection list | 1 | ||||||
| A 保护情况: 野外生存现状 Conservation status: Living status in the wild | A1 红色名录等级及分布范围 Red List categories and distribution range | 疑似灭绝 Possibly Extinct | 5 | ||||
| 极危/1个分布区 Critically Endangered or 1 distribution area | 5 | ||||||
| 濒危/2个分布区 Endangered or 2 distribution areas | 4 | ||||||
| 易危/3个分布区 Vulnerable or 3 distribution areas | 3 | ||||||
| 近危/4个分布区 Near Threatened or 4 distribution areas | 2 | ||||||
| 无危/5个及以上分布区 Least Concern or 5 distribution areas | 1 | ||||||
| 数据缺乏 Data Deficient | 1 | ||||||
| 未评估 Not Evaluated | 1 | ||||||
| A2 特有性 Endemism | 中国特有种A Endemic species A in China | 5 | |||||
| 中国特有种B Endemic species B in China | 4 | ||||||
| 非中国特有A Not endemic A to China | 3 | ||||||
| 非中国特有B Not endemic B to China | 2 | ||||||
| 世界广布 Worldwide distribution | 0 | ||||||
| B 种群生物学 Population biology | B1 可培养性 Cultivability | 无法人工培养 Unculturable | 5 | ||||
| 尚未培养成功 Not yet cultivated | 4 | ||||||
| 较难实现人工培养 Hard to cultivated | 3 | ||||||
| 有限的人工培养 Limited cultivation | 2 | ||||||
| 容易人工培养 Easy to cultivated | 1 | ||||||
| B2 潜在的人为破坏 Potential vandalism | 强烈 Strong | 4 | |||||
| 中等 Moderate | 2 | ||||||
| 暂无 Not yet | 0 | ||||||
| C 经济价值 Economic value | C1 食用价值 Edible value | 高食用价值 High edible value | 3 | ||||
| 一般食用价值 Moderate edible value | 2 | ||||||
| 潜在食用价值 Potential edible value | 1 | ||||||
| C2 药用价值 Medicinal value | 高药用价值 High medicinal value | 3 | |||||
| 一般药用价值 Moderate medicinal value | 2 | ||||||
| 潜在药用价值 Potential medicinal value | 1 | ||||||
| C3 食品工业 Food industry | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C4 制药工业 Pharmacy industry | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C5 能源工业 Energy industry | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C6 冶金工业 Metallurgical industry | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C7 合成生物学 Synthetic biology | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C8 生物农药 Biopesticide | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C 经济价值 Economic value | C9 生物防治 Biological control | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | ||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C10 生物肥料 Biofertilizer | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C11 其他经济价值 Other value | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| D 类群特性: 生物安全属性 Taxa specialty: Biosecurity | D1 已有流失案例 Lost cases | 3次及以上 3 or more times | 3 | ||||
| 2次 2 times | 2 | ||||||
| 1次 1 time | 1 | ||||||
| 0次 None | 0 | ||||||
| D2 病害严重程度 Disease severity | 可造成严重病害 Causing serious disease | 3 | |||||
| 可造成中等病害 Causing moderate disease | 2 | ||||||
| 可造成轻微病害 Causing mild disease | 1 | ||||||
| D3 病害传播范围 Spread of disease | 传播或分布范围广泛 Widely spread | 3 | |||||
| 传播或分布范围中等 Moderate spread | 2 | ||||||
| 传播或分布范围小 Limited spread | 1 | ||||||
| D4 防治或控制治理难易程度 Disease control | 难 Hard | 3 | |||||
| 容易 Easy | 1 | ||||||
| E 其他价值 Other value | E1 文化价值 Cultural value | 有 With cultural value | 2 | ||||
| 暂无 No cultural value | 0 | ||||||
| E2 科研价值 Research value | 极其重要 Very important | 3 | |||||
| 重要 Important | 2 | ||||||
| 一般 Moderate | 1 | ||||||
| E3 潜在应用价值 Potential value | 极其重要 Very important | 3 | |||||
| 重要 Important | 2 | ||||||
| 一般 Moderate | 1 | ||||||
| F 战略前沿 Strategic frontier | F1 前沿应用 Cutting-edge application | 生物燃料 Biofuel | 3 | ||||
| 环保材料 Eco-friendly material | 3 | ||||||
| 生物工程 Bioengineering | 3 | ||||||
| 污染物降解 Pollution degradation | 3 | ||||||
| 其他前沿应用 Other application | 3 | ||||||
| F2 交叉领域 Crossing field | 仿生科技 Bionic technology | 3 | |||||
| 基因测序 Sequencing | 3 | ||||||
| 环境修复 Environmental modification | 3 | ||||||
| 新型储能 Energy storage | 3 | ||||||
| 生物降解 Biodegradation | 3 | ||||||
表2 战略微生物资源评估标准
Table 2 Assessment criteria of strategic microbial resources
| 一级指标 Primary criteria | 二级指标 Secondary criteria | 三级指标 Tertiary criteria | 赋分 Score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G 国家保护策略 National conservation strategy | G1 是否入选“国家或省级保护名录” Included in the national or provincial protection list | 入选国家级保护名录 Included in the national protection list | 3 | ||||
| 入选省级保护名录 Included in the provincial protection list | 1 | ||||||
| 未入选保护名录 Not included in protection list | 1 | ||||||
| A 保护情况: 野外生存现状 Conservation status: Living status in the wild | A1 红色名录等级及分布范围 Red List categories and distribution range | 疑似灭绝 Possibly Extinct | 5 | ||||
| 极危/1个分布区 Critically Endangered or 1 distribution area | 5 | ||||||
| 濒危/2个分布区 Endangered or 2 distribution areas | 4 | ||||||
| 易危/3个分布区 Vulnerable or 3 distribution areas | 3 | ||||||
| 近危/4个分布区 Near Threatened or 4 distribution areas | 2 | ||||||
| 无危/5个及以上分布区 Least Concern or 5 distribution areas | 1 | ||||||
| 数据缺乏 Data Deficient | 1 | ||||||
| 未评估 Not Evaluated | 1 | ||||||
| A2 特有性 Endemism | 中国特有种A Endemic species A in China | 5 | |||||
| 中国特有种B Endemic species B in China | 4 | ||||||
| 非中国特有A Not endemic A to China | 3 | ||||||
| 非中国特有B Not endemic B to China | 2 | ||||||
| 世界广布 Worldwide distribution | 0 | ||||||
| B 种群生物学 Population biology | B1 可培养性 Cultivability | 无法人工培养 Unculturable | 5 | ||||
| 尚未培养成功 Not yet cultivated | 4 | ||||||
| 较难实现人工培养 Hard to cultivated | 3 | ||||||
| 有限的人工培养 Limited cultivation | 2 | ||||||
| 容易人工培养 Easy to cultivated | 1 | ||||||
| B2 潜在的人为破坏 Potential vandalism | 强烈 Strong | 4 | |||||
| 中等 Moderate | 2 | ||||||
| 暂无 Not yet | 0 | ||||||
| C 经济价值 Economic value | C1 食用价值 Edible value | 高食用价值 High edible value | 3 | ||||
| 一般食用价值 Moderate edible value | 2 | ||||||
| 潜在食用价值 Potential edible value | 1 | ||||||
| C2 药用价值 Medicinal value | 高药用价值 High medicinal value | 3 | |||||
| 一般药用价值 Moderate medicinal value | 2 | ||||||
| 潜在药用价值 Potential medicinal value | 1 | ||||||
| C3 食品工业 Food industry | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C4 制药工业 Pharmacy industry | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C5 能源工业 Energy industry | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C6 冶金工业 Metallurgical industry | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C7 合成生物学 Synthetic biology | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C8 生物农药 Biopesticide | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C 经济价值 Economic value | C9 生物防治 Biological control | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | ||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C10 生物肥料 Biofertilizer | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| C11 其他经济价值 Other value | 已得到应用 Applied value | 2 | |||||
| 潜在价值 Potential value | 1 | ||||||
| D 类群特性: 生物安全属性 Taxa specialty: Biosecurity | D1 已有流失案例 Lost cases | 3次及以上 3 or more times | 3 | ||||
| 2次 2 times | 2 | ||||||
| 1次 1 time | 1 | ||||||
| 0次 None | 0 | ||||||
| D2 病害严重程度 Disease severity | 可造成严重病害 Causing serious disease | 3 | |||||
| 可造成中等病害 Causing moderate disease | 2 | ||||||
| 可造成轻微病害 Causing mild disease | 1 | ||||||
| D3 病害传播范围 Spread of disease | 传播或分布范围广泛 Widely spread | 3 | |||||
| 传播或分布范围中等 Moderate spread | 2 | ||||||
| 传播或分布范围小 Limited spread | 1 | ||||||
| D4 防治或控制治理难易程度 Disease control | 难 Hard | 3 | |||||
| 容易 Easy | 1 | ||||||
| E 其他价值 Other value | E1 文化价值 Cultural value | 有 With cultural value | 2 | ||||
| 暂无 No cultural value | 0 | ||||||
| E2 科研价值 Research value | 极其重要 Very important | 3 | |||||
| 重要 Important | 2 | ||||||
| 一般 Moderate | 1 | ||||||
| E3 潜在应用价值 Potential value | 极其重要 Very important | 3 | |||||
| 重要 Important | 2 | ||||||
| 一般 Moderate | 1 | ||||||
| F 战略前沿 Strategic frontier | F1 前沿应用 Cutting-edge application | 生物燃料 Biofuel | 3 | ||||
| 环保材料 Eco-friendly material | 3 | ||||||
| 生物工程 Bioengineering | 3 | ||||||
| 污染物降解 Pollution degradation | 3 | ||||||
| 其他前沿应用 Other application | 3 | ||||||
| F2 交叉领域 Crossing field | 仿生科技 Bionic technology | 3 | |||||
| 基因测序 Sequencing | 3 | ||||||
| 环境修复 Environmental modification | 3 | ||||||
| 新型储能 Energy storage | 3 | ||||||
| 生物降解 Biodegradation | 3 | ||||||
图1 战略微生物资源评估系统的在线评估功能
Fig. 1 Online assessment function of the assessment system for strategic microbial resources
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