转基因玉米对田间节肢动物群落多样性的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2018316

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对转基因耐除草剂(EPSPS)抗虫(Cry1Ab)玉米转化体‘DBN9936’、受体玉米‘DBN318’、常规玉米‘先玉335’和喷施除草剂的转化体‘DBN9936’玉米田中节肢动物种类及数量的调查, 评价转基因玉米对田间节肢动物群落多样性的影响。2015年和2017年我们采用直接观察法、陷阱调查法和剖秆法对田间节肢动物进行调查, 采用聚类分析、物种累积曲线等方法对数据进行分析, 并比较了4个处理玉米田节肢动物群落的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、优势集中性指数和群落相似性指数的差异及其随时间变化的规律。调查期间共记录节肢动物20目80科; 转化体玉米‘DBN9936’ (2015: 10.3 ± 2.6头, 2017: 3.3 ± 1.7头)和喷施除草剂的转化体玉米‘DBN9936’ (2015: 6.0 ± 1.5头, 2017: 17.0 ± 0.6头)上鳞翅目昆虫的数量明显低于受体‘DBN318’ (2015: 20.0 ± 3.2头, 2017: 24.0 ± 6.0头)和‘先玉335’ (2015: 21.0 ± 8.9头, 2017: 26.7 ± 2.0头); 物种累积曲线呈典型的抛物线, 各类玉米田间总体物种丰富度差异较小; 玉米生育期节肢动物调查结果累计数量的功能团组成及其丰富度、多样性、均匀度、优势集中性间均无明显的差异, 各类指数随时间变化的动态趋于一致, 群落间相似性程度较高。转基因玉米‘DBN9936’对鳞翅目害虫有明显的抗性, 对非靶标节肢动物无显著的影响, 对田间节肢动物的群落多样性、均匀度、丰富度、优势集中性等没有明显的影响。

关键词: 转基因玉米, 生物多样性, 节肢动物, 多样性指数, 生物安全

Abstract

The species and numbers of arthropods in fields of transgenic herbicide-tolerant (EPSPS) and insect-resistant (Cry1Ab) maize DBN9936, receptor maize DBN318, conventional maize Xianyu 335, and spraying herbicide transformant DBN9936, were investigated to assess the effect of genetically modified maize on the arthropod communities. Direct observations, pit-fall trapping and longitudinal section methods were used to investigate the field arthropod species in 2015 and 2017. A cluster analysis and species accumulation curves, as well as the Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index, Pielou evenness index, dominant concentration index, community similarity index, were calculated and compared. The recorded arthropod species belonged to 20 orders and 80 families. The number of Lepidopteron insects in the fields of herbicide-free transformant DBN9936 (2015: 10.3 ± 2.6, 2017: 3.3 ± 1.7) and transformant DBN9936 spraying herbicides (2015: 6.0 ± 1.5, 2017: 17.0 ± 0.6) were significantly lower than the corresponding parameters of receptor DBN318 (2015: 20.0 ± 3.2, 2017: 24.0 ± 6.0) and Xianyu 335 (2015: 21.0 ± 8.9, 2017: 26.7 ± 2.0). The species accumulation curves show a typical parabola and there was little difference in the overall species richness. There were no significant differences in the total number of arthropods, functional group composition, richness, diversity, evenness and dominant concentration in the maize fields and there was a high similarity between the arthropods communities. The dynamic of the richness index, diversity index, evenness index, dominant concentration index and community similarity index of those arthropods in the maize fields tended to be consistent. Transformant DBN9936 has obvious resistance to Lepidopteron insects and has no significant negative effects on non-target arthropods. The results suggest that the transformant DBN9936 maize has no significant effect on community richness, diversity, evenness and dominance concentration of arthropods in the fields.

Key words: genetically modified maize, biodiversity, arthropods, diversity index, biosafety

马燕婕,何浩鹏,沈文静,刘标,薛堃 (2019) 转基因玉米对田间节肢动物群落多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 27, 419-432. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018316.

Ma Yanjie,He Haopeng,Shen Wenjing,Liu Biao,Xue Kun (2019) Effects of transgenic maize on arthropod diversity. Biodiversity Science, 27, 419-432. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018316.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018316

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2019/V27/I4/419

图/表 10

参考文献 37

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功能群 Functional groups	主要类群 Major groups	‘DBN9936’	‘DBN318’	‘先玉335’ Xianyu 335	‘DBN9936’喷除草剂 DBN9936 + herbicide	P
2015
主要害虫 Main pest	鳞翅目 Lepidopteron	10.3 ± 2.6^a	20.0 ± 3.2^a	21.0 ± 8.9^a	6.0 ± 1.5^a	0.166
	长角?科 Entomobryidae	112.3 ± 25.5^a	105.7 ± 9.9^a	128.3 ± 11.3^a	113.7 ± 8.1^a	0.765
	蚜科 Aphididae	834.0 ± 206.6^a	763.3 ± 118.3^a	515.7 ± 62.1^a	590.0 ± 84.3^a	0.341
	叶甲科 Chrysomelidae	1,194.0 ± 94.4^b	1,308.7 ± 32.9^b	1,009.7 ± 56.4^a	1,217.3 ± 42.9^b	0.047
	总和 Total	2,212.3 ± 266.9^a	2,258.0 ± 154.5^a	1,736.0 ± 37.8^a	1,985.7 ± 109.9^a	0.176
捕食性天敌 Predatory natural enemy	蜘蛛目 Araneida	43.7 ± 4.6^a	52.3 ± 2.2^a	59.3 ± 3.8^a	54.3 ± 7.7^a	0.246
	瓢虫科 Coccinellidae	113.7 ± 6.1^a	106.3 ± 11.2^a	104.3 ± 7.9^a	120.0 ± 15.1^a	0.720
	草蛉科 Chrysopidae	36.3 ± 6.2^a	32.3 ± 2.8^a	25.3 ± 4.1^a	25.3 ± 4.1^a	0.288
	步甲科 Carabidae	12.7 ± 2.9^a	15.0 ± 3.2^a	20.7 ± 9.9^a	20.0 ± 6.5^a	0.808
	总和 Total	214.7 ± 8.6^a	213.3 ± 10.3^a	219.7 ± 3.8^a	231.0 ± 5.5^a	0.386
寄生性天敌 Parasitic natural enemy	总和 Total	8.7 ± 3.3^a	6.7 ± 1.9^a	5.7 ± 0.9^a	7.7 ± 0.9^a	0.742
中性节肢动物 Neutral arthropod	总和 Total	206.7 ± 31.5^a	177.7 ± 9.0^a	152.0 ± 28.6^a	147.0 ± 20.4^a	0.339
2017
主要害虫 Main pest	鳞翅目 Lepidopteron	3.3 ± 1.7^a	24.0 ± 6.0^b	26.7 ± 2.0^b	17.0 ± 0.6^a	0.005
	蚜科 Aphididae	5,357.0 ± 148.5^a	5,408.3 ± 324.9^a	5,444.0 ± 607.7^a	4,751.7 ± 171.3^a	0.520
	叶甲科 Chrysomelidae	42.3 ± 3.8^a	51.0 ± 4.6^a	40.0 ± 3.5^a	46.7 ± 1.5^a	0.213
	长角?科 Entomobryidae	86.3 ± 9.8^a	95.0 ± 12.5^a	93.4 ± 6.6^a	97.0 ± 10.0^a	0.882
	总和 Total	5,880.7 ± 133.5^a	5,974.7 ± 334.9^a	6,011.7 ± 592.7^a	5,321.7 ± 185.8^a	0.526
捕食性天敌 Predatory natural enemy	蜘蛛目 Araneida	87.0 ± 8.5^a	97.7 ± 12.1^a	88.0 ± 3.5^a	86.3 ± 5.2^a	0.732
	瓢虫科 Coccinellidae	235.7 ± 8.7^a	211.3 ± 34.0^a	221.3 ± 21.9^a	250.7 ± 10.4^a	0.607
	草蛉科 Chrysopidae	51.0 ± 6.5^a	41.0 ± 7.0^a	39.0 ± 3.5^a	54.0 ± 6.7^a	0.295
	步甲科 Carabidae	36.7 ± 4.5^a	49.7 ± 7.5^a	39.0 ± 5.6^a	45.7 ± 7.1^a	0.481
	小花蝽 Orius sauteri	57.3 ± 2.3^b	36.7 ± 4.3^a	39.7 ± 0.9^a	39.7 ± 6.8^a	0.029
	总和 Total	510.7 ± 22.0^a	481.3 ± 15.2^a	476.7 ± 23.7^a	522.0 ± 11.8^a	0.298
寄生性天敌 Parasitic natural enemy	总和 Total	7.3 ± 1.8^a	9.0 ± 3.8^a	8.0 ± 0.6^a	7.0 ± 2.0^a	0.933
中性节肢动物 Neutral arthropod	总和 Total	166.7 ± 22.0^a	181.0 ± 8.6^a	150.7 ± 5.5^a	153.3 ± 25.2^a	0.613

功能群 Functional groups	主要类群 Major groups	‘DBN9936’	‘DBN318’	‘先玉335’ Xianyu 335	‘DBN9936’喷除草剂 DBN9936 + herbicide	P
2015
主要害虫 Main pest	鳞翅目 Lepidopteron	10.3 ± 2.6^a	20.0 ± 3.2^a	21.0 ± 8.9^a	6.0 ± 1.5^a	0.166
	长角?科 Entomobryidae	112.3 ± 25.5^a	105.7 ± 9.9^a	128.3 ± 11.3^a	113.7 ± 8.1^a	0.765
	蚜科 Aphididae	834.0 ± 206.6^a	763.3 ± 118.3^a	515.7 ± 62.1^a	590.0 ± 84.3^a	0.341
	叶甲科 Chrysomelidae	1,194.0 ± 94.4^b	1,308.7 ± 32.9^b	1,009.7 ± 56.4^a	1,217.3 ± 42.9^b	0.047
	总和 Total	2,212.3 ± 266.9^a	2,258.0 ± 154.5^a	1,736.0 ± 37.8^a	1,985.7 ± 109.9^a	0.176
捕食性天敌 Predatory natural enemy	蜘蛛目 Araneida	43.7 ± 4.6^a	52.3 ± 2.2^a	59.3 ± 3.8^a	54.3 ± 7.7^a	0.246
	瓢虫科 Coccinellidae	113.7 ± 6.1^a	106.3 ± 11.2^a	104.3 ± 7.9^a	120.0 ± 15.1^a	0.720
	草蛉科 Chrysopidae	36.3 ± 6.2^a	32.3 ± 2.8^a	25.3 ± 4.1^a	25.3 ± 4.1^a	0.288
	步甲科 Carabidae	12.7 ± 2.9^a	15.0 ± 3.2^a	20.7 ± 9.9^a	20.0 ± 6.5^a	0.808
	总和 Total	214.7 ± 8.6^a	213.3 ± 10.3^a	219.7 ± 3.8^a	231.0 ± 5.5^a	0.386
寄生性天敌 Parasitic natural enemy	总和 Total	8.7 ± 3.3^a	6.7 ± 1.9^a	5.7 ± 0.9^a	7.7 ± 0.9^a	0.742
中性节肢动物 Neutral arthropod	总和 Total	206.7 ± 31.5^a	177.7 ± 9.0^a	152.0 ± 28.6^a	147.0 ± 20.4^a	0.339
2017
主要害虫 Main pest	鳞翅目 Lepidopteron	3.3 ± 1.7^a	24.0 ± 6.0^b	26.7 ± 2.0^b	17.0 ± 0.6^a	0.005
	蚜科 Aphididae	5,357.0 ± 148.5^a	5,408.3 ± 324.9^a	5,444.0 ± 607.7^a	4,751.7 ± 171.3^a	0.520
	叶甲科 Chrysomelidae	42.3 ± 3.8^a	51.0 ± 4.6^a	40.0 ± 3.5^a	46.7 ± 1.5^a	0.213
	长角?科 Entomobryidae	86.3 ± 9.8^a	95.0 ± 12.5^a	93.4 ± 6.6^a	97.0 ± 10.0^a	0.882
	总和 Total	5,880.7 ± 133.5^a	5,974.7 ± 334.9^a	6,011.7 ± 592.7^a	5,321.7 ± 185.8^a	0.526
捕食性天敌 Predatory natural enemy	蜘蛛目 Araneida	87.0 ± 8.5^a	97.7 ± 12.1^a	88.0 ± 3.5^a	86.3 ± 5.2^a	0.732
	瓢虫科 Coccinellidae	235.7 ± 8.7^a	211.3 ± 34.0^a	221.3 ± 21.9^a	250.7 ± 10.4^a	0.607
	草蛉科 Chrysopidae	51.0 ± 6.5^a	41.0 ± 7.0^a	39.0 ± 3.5^a	54.0 ± 6.7^a	0.295
	步甲科 Carabidae	36.7 ± 4.5^a	49.7 ± 7.5^a	39.0 ± 5.6^a	45.7 ± 7.1^a	0.481
	小花蝽 Orius sauteri	57.3 ± 2.3^b	36.7 ± 4.3^a	39.7 ± 0.9^a	39.7 ± 6.8^a	0.029
	总和 Total	510.7 ± 22.0^a	481.3 ± 15.2^a	476.7 ± 23.7^a	522.0 ± 11.8^a	0.298
寄生性天敌 Parasitic natural enemy	总和 Total	7.3 ± 1.8^a	9.0 ± 3.8^a	8.0 ± 0.6^a	7.0 ± 2.0^a	0.933
中性节肢动物 Neutral arthropod	总和 Total	166.7 ± 22.0^a	181.0 ± 8.6^a	150.7 ± 5.5^a	153.3 ± 25.2^a	0.613

	ACE 指数 ACE Index	Bootstrap 指数 Bootstrap Index	Jackknife 1 指数 Jackknife 1 Index	实际物种数 Number of species	比例 Ratio (%)
2015
植株 Maize plant	51.49	54.25	58.88	48	88.87
地表 Land surface	58.26	51.41	54.96	49	88.25
总体 Total	66.61	65.33	70.96	61	90.56
2017
植株 Maize plant	71.07	71.32	72.97	68	95.11
地表 Land surface	78.65	64.66	72.81	59	80.98
总体 Total	93.36	88.45	93.95	83	89.92

	ACE 指数 ACE Index	Bootstrap 指数 Bootstrap Index	Jackknife 1 指数 Jackknife 1 Index	实际物种数 Number of species	比例 Ratio (%)
2015
植株 Maize plant	51.49	54.25	58.88	48	88.87
地表 Land surface	58.26	51.41	54.96	49	88.25
总体 Total	66.61	65.33	70.96	61	90.56
2017
植株 Maize plant	71.07	71.32	72.97	68	95.11
地表 Land surface	78.65	64.66	72.81	59	80.98
总体 Total	93.36	88.45	93.95	83	89.92

为害指标 Damage parameter and degree	‘DBN9936’	‘DBN318’	‘先玉335’ Xianyu 335	‘DBN9936’喷除草剂 DBN9936 + herbicide
2015
蛀孔数(个/50株) Number of apertures every 50 plants	0.0 ± 0.0^b	14.3 ± 1.2^a	22.0 ± 4.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b
活虫数(头/50株) Number of alive borers every 50 plants	0.3 ± 0.3^b	10.3 ± 1.0^a	12.5 ± 1.9^a	0.3 ± 0.3^b
最长隧道长度 Maximum tunnel length (cm)	0.0	16.5	13.0	0.0
平均隧道长度 Average tunnel length (cm)	-	6.50 ± 0.56^b	4.97 ± 0.40^a	-
最长穗尖被害长度 Maximum damage length of spike tip (cm)	5.5	7.0	8.0	4.0
平均穗尖被害长度 Average damage length of spike tip (cm)	2.33 ± 1.59^a	3.01 ± 0.21^a	2.98 ± 0.20^a	1.94 ± 0.39^a
2017
蛀孔数(个/50株) Number of apertures every 50 plants	8.0 ± 7.9^a	16.0 ± 8.1^a	8.7 ± 2.4^a	5.3 ± 1.8^a
活虫数(头/50株) Number of alive borers every 50 plants	3.3 ± 0.3^a	10.7 ± 0.5^a	6.0 ± 0.1^a	2.7 ± 0.2^a
最长隧道长度 Maximum tunnel length (cm)	13.5	20.0	20.8	7.0
平均隧道长度 Average tunnel length (cm)	2.97 ± 2.97^a	5.92 ± 2.87^a	3.68 ± 4.06^a	0.87 ± 0.49^a
最长穗尖被害长度 Maximum damage length of spike tip (cm)	9.0	27.4	22.8	16.8
平均穗尖被害长度 Average damage length of spike tip (cm)	2.39 ± 1.74^a	6.24 ± 1.23^a	8.18 ± 2.36^a	3.76 ± 3.42^a