黄河流域水鸟多样性季节和区域特征及保护策略

doi:10.17520/biods.2023490

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 23490. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023490 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023490

• 研究报告 • 下一篇

黄河流域水鸟多样性季节和区域特征及保护策略

王春晓¹(), 张正旺²(), 夏少霞¹^,³, 段后浪¹^,³(), 王稳⁴, 贾亦飞⁵(), 张立勋⁶, 冯刚⁷, 杨亚桥⁸, 李桐⁹, 丁长青⁵, 王春平¹⁰, 原宝东¹¹, 雷进宇¹², 刘宇¹^,³, 石建斌¹³, 兰科其¹⁴, 石青青¹⁵, 肖晴¹^,³, 于秀波¹^,³^,^*()()

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101
2.北京师范大学生命科学学院, 北京 100875
3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4.青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
5.北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院, 北京 100083
6.兰州大学生态学院, 兰州 730000
7.内蒙古大学生态与环境学院, 呼和浩特 010021
8.陕西省动物研究所, 西安 710032
9.山西野鸟观察, 太原 030000
10.河南省林业资源监测院, 郑州 450045
11.聊城大学生命科学学院, 山东聊城 252000
12.昆明市朱雀鸟类研究所, 昆明 650233
13.北京师范大学环境学院, 北京 100875
14.内蒙古老牛慈善基金会, 呼和浩特 010021
15.北京林业大学林学院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2023-12-23 接受日期:2024-09-05 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-11-23
通讯作者: *E-mail: yuxb@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
黄河流域湿地保护战略与优先行动项目

Seasonal and regional patterns and conservation strategies of waterbird diversity in the Yellow River Basin

Chunxiao Wang¹(), Zhengwang Zhang²(), Shaoxia Xia¹^,³, Houlang Duan¹^,³(), Wen Wang⁴, Yifei Jia⁵(), Lixun Zhang⁶, Gang Feng⁷, Yaqiao Yang⁸, Tong Li⁹, Changqing Ding⁵, Chunping Wang¹⁰, Baodong Yuan¹¹, Jinyu Lei¹², Yu Liu¹^,³, Jianbin Shi¹³, Keqi Lan¹⁴, Qingqing Shi¹⁵, Qing Xiao¹^,³, Xiubo Yu¹^,³^,^*()()

1. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
5. School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
6. College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
7. School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
8. Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi’an 710032, China
9. Shanxi Wild Bird Observation, Taiyuan 030000, China
10. Henan Province Forestry Resources Monitoring Institute, Zhengzhou 450045, China
11. College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
12. Kunming Rosefinch Bird Research Institution, Kunming 650233, China
13. School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
14. Inner Mongolia Lao Niu Foundation, Hohhot 010021, China
15. School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2023-12-23 Accepted:2024-09-05 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-11-23
Contact: *E-mail: yuxb@igsnrr.ac.cn
Supported by:
Wetland Conservation Strategy and Priority Actions in the Yellow River Basin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为中国候鸟迁飞通道的关键地带和生物多样性的重要区域, 黄河流域的水鸟多样性对维持该流域的生态平衡至关重要。本研究基于2022‒2023年的黄河流域同步调查数据和公民科学数据, 分析了水鸟的种群组成及其季节性特点; 并利用物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数, 评估了水鸟多样性在不同季节和区域的特征; 同时提出了黄河流域水鸟动态保护策略。结果表明: (1) 2022‒2023年, 黄河流域共记录到9目20科141种水鸟, 其中鸻形目和雁形目水鸟占优势。(2)春季和秋季的水鸟多样性最高, 黄河流域不仅是繁殖地和越冬地, 还是候鸟迁飞通道中重要的停歇地; (3)下游地区的水鸟丰富度较高, 而中游、上游和源区则表现出较高的多样性和均匀度; 重点保护物种分布广泛, 尤其在春秋季节, 中游和下游呈现出明显的集中分布。我们建议在黄河流域的春季和秋季采取全域性保护措施, 并根据重点物种的分布季节和区域实施动态的针对性保护。同时, 将重点保护水鸟的分布区域纳入迁飞通道行动计划, 进行持续性监测。

关键词: 水鸟多样性, 季节和区域特征, 保护策略, 黄河流域

Abstract

Aims: The Yellow River Basin is a key area for migratory birds and a biodiversity hotspot in China. The diversity of waterbirds plays a vital role in maintaining regional ecological balance of the basin.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed the composition and seasonal dynamics of waterbird populations in the Yellow River Basin from 2022 to 2023. Data was sourced from synchronous surveys and citizen science data contributions. Seasonal and regional characteristics of waterbird diversity were assessed using metrics such as species richness, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and the Pielou evenness index. Based on these findings, dynamic conservation strategies were proposed for the region’s waterbirds.

Results: From 2022 to 2023, the Yellow River Basin hosted 141 waterbird species across 9 orders and 20 families, with Charadriiformes and Anseriformes being the dominant groups. Waterbird diversity peaked during spring and autumn, highlighting the Yellow River Basin’s dual role as a breeding and wintering ground as well as a crucial stopover site for migratory birds. Species richness was highest in the lower reaches, while the middle reaches, source, and upper reaches exhibited greater diversity and evenness. Protected species were widely distributed, particularly in the middle and lower reaches during spring and autumn.

Conclusions: To ensure the effective protection of waterbirds in the Yellow River Basin, we recommend comprehensive conservation measures during the critical spring and autumn seasons. Dynamic and targeted protection strategies for key species and habitats, aligned with their seasonal needs. Integration of key waterbird habitats into broader migratory flyway action plans, supported by continuous monitoring efforts.

Key words: waterbird diversity, seasonal and regional patterns, conservation strategies, Yellow River Basin

王春晓, 张正旺, 夏少霞, 段后浪, 王稳, 贾亦飞, 张立勋, 冯刚, 杨亚桥, 李桐, 丁长青, 王春平, 原宝东, 雷进宇, 刘宇, 石建斌, 兰科其, 石青青, 肖晴, 于秀波 (2024) 黄河流域水鸟多样性季节和区域特征及保护策略. 生物多样性, 32, 23490. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023490.

Chunxiao Wang, Zhengwang Zhang, Shaoxia Xia, Houlang Duan, Wen Wang, Yifei Jia, Lixun Zhang, Gang Feng, Yaqiao Yang, Tong Li, Changqing Ding, Chunping Wang, Baodong Yuan, Jinyu Lei, Yu Liu, Jianbin Shi, Keqi Lan, Qingqing Shi, Qing Xiao, Xiubo Yu (2024) Seasonal and regional patterns and conservation strategies of waterbird diversity in the Yellow River Basin. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23490. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023490.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023490

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I11/23490

图/表 4

图1 黄河流域水鸟多样性及保护策略研究区示意图

Fig. 1 Study area overview map for waterbird diversity and conservation strategies in the Yellow River Basin

图2 黄河流域水鸟组成特征图。(a)水鸟目数量分布图; (b)不同季节水鸟目数量占比图, 不同颜色代表的目与图(a)一致, 自下而上依次为鸻形目、雁形目、鹈形目、鹤形目、䴙䴘目、鲣鸟目。

Fig. 2 Composition characteristics of waterbirds in the Yellow River Basin. (a) Number of waterbirds by order; (b) Proportional composition of waterbirds orders. Different colors represent the same orders as in (a), arranged from bottom to top as Charadriiformes, Anseriformes, Pelecaniformes, Gruiformes, Podicipediformes, and Suliformes.

图3 黄河流域不同区域和季节的水鸟多样性指数

Fig. 3 Biodiversity index of waterfowl in different regions and seasons in the Yellow River Basin

图4 黄河流域不同区域和季节的重点保护物种数量与分布。图中红线表示分区界限, 将黄河流域划分为源区(Ⅰ)、上游(II)、中游(III)、下游(IV)。

Fig. 4 Number and distribution of key protected species across regions and seasons in the Yellow River Basin. The red line represents the boundaries of subregions, dividing the basin into the source region (I), upper reaches (II), middle reaches (III), and lower reaches (IV).

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黄河流域水鸟多样性季节和区域特征及保护策略

Seasonal and regional patterns and conservation strategies of waterbird diversity in the Yellow River Basin

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