生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (8): 921-930. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019364
所属专题: 昆虫多样性与生态功能
• 蝴蝶多样性观测专栏 • 下一篇
王群1, 郭志祥1, 李进斌1, 王凯博1, 吴文伟1, 浦恩堂1, 马方舟1,*(), 何成兴2,*()
收稿日期:
2019-11-20
接受日期:
2020-02-06
出版日期:
2020-08-20
发布日期:
2020-05-15
通讯作者:
马方舟,何成兴
作者简介:
mfz@nies.org基金资助:
Qun Wang1, Zhixiang Guo1, Jinbin Li1, Kaibo Wang1, Wenwei Wu1, Entang Pu1, Fangzhou Ma1,*(), Chengxing He2,*()
Received:
2019-11-20
Accepted:
2020-02-06
Online:
2020-08-20
Published:
2020-05-15
Contact:
Fangzhou Ma,Chengxing He
摘要:
蝴蝶是无脊椎动物中最受关注的类群和环境指示生物之一, 其种群动态及群落结构能快速地反映环境的状况。哀牢山和无量山国家级自然保护区具有复杂多样的生境, 含有丰富的动植物资源。为了有效地保护环境和资源, 2016‒2018年在这两个自然保护区开展了蝴蝶资源及其种群动态的研究。结果表明: 两地蝴蝶均具有较高的多样性水平, 且哀牢山蝴蝶多样性较无量山丰富。哀牢山共观测记录5科83属149种, 该地蝴蝶Shannon-Wiener指数(Hs′)为3.92, 物种丰富度为16.36, Simpson指数为0.97; 景东县无量山样区共记录蝴蝶5科88属143种, Shannon-Wiener指数(Hs′)为3.64, 物种丰富度为15.04, Simpson指数为0.96。哀牢山、无量山两个样区共有5科99属178种蝴蝶。生境分析表明两地蝴蝶均具有明显的垂直分布特征, 哀牢山蝴蝶主要分布在海拔1,100 m以下, 而无量山蝴蝶主要分布在1,100-1,400 m之间。调查时段分析表明, 两地蝴蝶主要分布在5-9月, 哀牢山8月蝴蝶种类较丰富, 而无量山9月蝴蝶种类较丰富。年份分析表明, 哀牢山、无量山两地均以2016年蝴蝶多样性最丰富, 这与适宜的气候及较弱的人为干扰有密切的关系。两地蝴蝶群落为中等相似, Jaccard相似性系数为0.64, 共有种有114种(64.05%)。鉴于无量山、哀牢山蝴蝶多样性较丰富, 且有13种近危物种、3种易危物种和56种个体数极低(≤ 10头)的未列入红色名录的物种, 因此蝴蝶保护工作刻不容缓。
王群, 郭志祥, 李进斌, 王凯博, 吴文伟, 浦恩堂, 马方舟, 何成兴 (2020) 云南哀牢山、无量山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶种群动态及多样性. 生物多样性, 28, 921-930. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019364.
Qun Wang, Zhixiang Guo, Jinbin Li, Kaibo Wang, Wenwei Wu, Entang Pu, Fangzhou Ma, Chengxing He (2020) Population dynamics and diversity of butterflies in Ailaoshan and Wuliangshan national nature reserves, Yunnan Province. Biodiversity Science, 28, 921-930. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019364.
科 Family | 属数 Genus | 种数 Species | 个体数 Individuals | Hs' | Hg' | H' (gs) | J | Id | R | D | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
哀牢山 Ailaoshan | 粉蝶科 Pieridae | 14 | 23 | 1,737 | 2.30 | 1.83 | 4.13 | 0.73 | 0.21 | 2.95 | 0.86 |
凤蝶科 Papilionidae | 7 | 21 | 639 | 2.39 | 1.24 | 3.63 | 0.78 | 0.25 | 3.10 | 0.87 | |
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae | 16 | 21 | 2,474 | 1.80 | 1.78 | 3.59 | 0.59 | 0.31 | 2.56 | 0.78 | |
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae | 30 | 65 | 3,128 | 3.25 | 2.56 | 5.81 | 0.78 | 0.15 | 7.95 | 0.94 | |
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae | 16 | 19 | 524 | 2.14 | 1.68 | 3.81 | 0.73 | 0.23 | 2.87 | 0.84 | |
合计 Total | 83 | 149 | 8,502 | 3.92 | 3.45 | 8.79 | 0.78 | 0.09 | 16.36 | 0.97 | |
无量山 Wuliangshan | 粉蝶科 Pieridae | 14 | 20 | 3,852 | 2.06 | 1.79 | 3.86 | 0.69 | 0.26 | 2.30 | 0.83 |
凤蝶科 Papilionidae | 6 | 19 | 1,248 | 2.04 | 0.82 | 2.86 | 0.69 | 0.35 | 2.52 | 0.81 | |
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae | 14 | 19 | 3,762 | 1.77 | 1.73 | 3.51 | 0.60 | 0.27 | 2.19 | 0.80 | |
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae | 37 | 64 | 3,497 | 3.05 | 2.48 | 5.53 | 0.73 | 0.15 | 7.72 | 0.92 | |
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae | 16 | 21 | 216 | 2.47 | 2.11 | 4.59 | 0.81 | 0.23 | 3.72 | 0.88 | |
合计 Total | 88 | 143 | 12,575 | 3.64 | 3.26 | 6.90 | 0.73 | 0.08 | 15.04 | 0.96 |
表1 哀牢山、无量山国家级自然保护区2016-2018年间蝴蝶的属、种数量以及个体数和多样性指数
Table 1 The number of genus, species and individuals and diversity indices of butterflies in Ailaoshan and Wuliangshan national nature reserves between 2016 and 2018
科 Family | 属数 Genus | 种数 Species | 个体数 Individuals | Hs' | Hg' | H' (gs) | J | Id | R | D | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
哀牢山 Ailaoshan | 粉蝶科 Pieridae | 14 | 23 | 1,737 | 2.30 | 1.83 | 4.13 | 0.73 | 0.21 | 2.95 | 0.86 |
凤蝶科 Papilionidae | 7 | 21 | 639 | 2.39 | 1.24 | 3.63 | 0.78 | 0.25 | 3.10 | 0.87 | |
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae | 16 | 21 | 2,474 | 1.80 | 1.78 | 3.59 | 0.59 | 0.31 | 2.56 | 0.78 | |
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae | 30 | 65 | 3,128 | 3.25 | 2.56 | 5.81 | 0.78 | 0.15 | 7.95 | 0.94 | |
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae | 16 | 19 | 524 | 2.14 | 1.68 | 3.81 | 0.73 | 0.23 | 2.87 | 0.84 | |
合计 Total | 83 | 149 | 8,502 | 3.92 | 3.45 | 8.79 | 0.78 | 0.09 | 16.36 | 0.97 | |
无量山 Wuliangshan | 粉蝶科 Pieridae | 14 | 20 | 3,852 | 2.06 | 1.79 | 3.86 | 0.69 | 0.26 | 2.30 | 0.83 |
凤蝶科 Papilionidae | 6 | 19 | 1,248 | 2.04 | 0.82 | 2.86 | 0.69 | 0.35 | 2.52 | 0.81 | |
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae | 14 | 19 | 3,762 | 1.77 | 1.73 | 3.51 | 0.60 | 0.27 | 2.19 | 0.80 | |
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae | 37 | 64 | 3,497 | 3.05 | 2.48 | 5.53 | 0.73 | 0.15 | 7.72 | 0.92 | |
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae | 16 | 21 | 216 | 2.47 | 2.11 | 4.59 | 0.81 | 0.23 | 3.72 | 0.88 | |
合计 Total | 88 | 143 | 12,575 | 3.64 | 3.26 | 6.90 | 0.73 | 0.08 | 15.04 | 0.96 |
科数 Family | 属数 Genus | 种数 Species | 个体数 Individuals | Hs' | Hg' | Hf' | H′(fgs) | J | Id | R | D | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
哀牢山 Ailao Mountains | |||||||||||||
样线 Line transect | |||||||||||||
A1 | 5 | 58 | 94 | 3,613 | 3.51 | 2.96 | 1.22 | 7.69 | 0.77 | 0.12 | 11.35 | 0.95 | |
A2 | 5 | 68 | 104 | 2,817 | 3.52 | 3.13 | 1.40 | 8.05 | 0.76 | 0.15 | 12.97 | 0.94 | |
A3 | 5 | 34 | 40 | 445 | 2.72 | 2.66 | 1.30 | 6.68 | 0.74 | 0.19 | 6.40 | 0.90 | |
A4 | 5 | 45 | 62 | 1,186 | 3.15 | 2.99 | 1.30 | 7.43 | 0.76 | 0.19 | 8.62 | 0.92 | |
A5 | 5 | 29 | 34 | 441 | 2.87 | 2.82 | 1.17 | 6.86 | 0.81 | 0.15 | 5.42 | 0.92 | |
调查时段 Time | |||||||||||||
4月 April | 5 | 39 | 50 | 732 | 2.78 | 2.45 | 1.39 | 6.61 | 0.71 | 0.24 | 7.43 | 0.89 | |
5月 May | 5 | 47 | 69 | 1,149 | 3.57 | 3.22 | 1.52 | 8.31 | 0.84 | 0.08 | 9.65 | 0.96 | |
6月 June | 5 | 50 | 70 | 1,769 | 3.28 | 3.02 | 1.29 | 7.59 | 0.77 | 0.21 | 9.23 | 0.93 | |
7月 July | 5 | 53 | 76 | 1,558 | 3.25 | 2.96 | 1.28 | 7.49 | 0.75 | 0.28 | 10.20 | 0.90 | |
8月 August | 5 | 53 | 84 | 1,422 | 3.70 | 3.26 | 1.28 | 8.24 | 0.84 | 0.10 | 11.43 | 0.96 | |
9月 September | 5 | 58 | 84 | 1,589 | 3.66 | 3.33 | 1.42 | 8.40 | 0.83 | 0.10 | 11.26 | 0.96 | |
10月 October | 5 | 20 | 24 | 283 | 2.96 | 2.67 | 1.44 | 7.08 | 0.93 | 0.11 | 4.07 | 0.94 | |
年份 Year | |||||||||||||
2016 | 5 | 54 | 86 | 2,864 | 3.80 | 3.20 | 1.34 | 8.33 | 0.85 | 0.09 | 10.68 | 0.97 | |
2017 | 5 | 62 | 101 | 3,103 | 3.48 | 3.28 | 1.37 | 8.13 | 0.75 | 0.18 | 12.44 | 0.94 | |
2018 | 5 | 64 | 89 | 2,535 | 3.52 | 3.20 | 1.39 | 8.11 | 0.78 | 0.17 | 11.23 | 0.94 | |
无量山 Wuliang Mountains | |||||||||||||
样线 Line transect | |||||||||||||
B1 | 5 | 58 | 91 | 2,058 | 3.39 | 2.94 | 1.35 | 7.67 | 0.75 | 0.14 | 11.80 | 0.94 | |
B2 | 5 | 58 | 89 | 3,225 | 3.25 | 2.90 | 1.26 | 7.41 | 0.72 | 0.16 | 10.89 | 0.93 | |
B3 | 5 | 51 | 81 | 1,945 | 3.22 | 2.92 | 1.33 | 7.47 | 0.73 | 0.20 | 10.56 | 0.93 | |
B4 | 5 | 33 | 41 | 1,767 | 2.34 | 2.24 | 1.13 | 5.71 | 0.63 | 0.36 | 5.35 | 0.82 | |
B5 | 5 | 54 | 82 | 3,580 | 3.16 | 2.84 | 1.27 | 7.26 | 0.72 | 0.17 | 9.90 | 0.93 | |
调查时段 Time | |||||||||||||
4月 April | 5 | 34 | 49 | 1,446 | 2.34 | 1.99 | 1.19 | 5.52 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 6.60 | 0.78 | |
5月 May | 5 | 45 | 64 | 1,612 | 3.38 | 3.00 | 1.28 | 7.66 | 0.81 | 0.12 | 8.53 | 0.95 | |
6月 June | 5 | 55 | 85 | 3,554 | 3.06 | 2.89 | 1.27 | 7.22 | 0.69 | 0.16 | 10.27 | 0.92 | |
7月 July | 5 | 65 | 89 | 2,277 | 3.15 | 2.89 | 1.32 | 7.37 | 0.70 | 0.25 | 11.38 | 0.91 | |
8月 August | 5 | 58 | 79 | 1,564 | 3.29 | 3.03 | 1.41 | 7.72 | 0.75 | 0.15 | 10.61 | 0.94 | |
9月 September | 5 | 61 | 93 | 1,767 | 3.64 | 3.19 | 1.43 | 8.27 | 0.80 | 0.09 | 12.30 | 0.96 | |
10月 October | 5 | 17 | 23 | 355 | 2.91 | 2.47 | 1.16 | 6.55 | 0.93 | 0.10 | 3.75 | 0.94 | |
年份 Year | |||||||||||||
2016 | 5 | 59 | 89 | 4,878 | 3.47 | 3.09 | 1.34 | 7.90 | 0.77 | 0.14 | 10.36 | 0.95 | |
2017 | 5 | 66 | 99 | 3,304 | 3.20 | 2.93 | 1.36 | 7.49 | 0.70 | 0.23 | 12.09 | 0.92 | |
2018 | 5 | 64 | 93 | 4,393 | 3.14 | 2.91 | 1.24 | 7.28 | 0.69 | 0.20 | 10.97 | 0.92 |
表2 哀牢山和无量山国家级自然保护区不同生境、时段及年份的蝴蝶科、属、种数量以及个体数和多样性指数
Table 2 The number of family, genus, species and individuals and diversity indices of butterflies in different habitats, survey time and years in Ailaoshan and Wuliangshan national nature reserves
科数 Family | 属数 Genus | 种数 Species | 个体数 Individuals | Hs' | Hg' | Hf' | H′(fgs) | J | Id | R | D | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
哀牢山 Ailao Mountains | |||||||||||||
样线 Line transect | |||||||||||||
A1 | 5 | 58 | 94 | 3,613 | 3.51 | 2.96 | 1.22 | 7.69 | 0.77 | 0.12 | 11.35 | 0.95 | |
A2 | 5 | 68 | 104 | 2,817 | 3.52 | 3.13 | 1.40 | 8.05 | 0.76 | 0.15 | 12.97 | 0.94 | |
A3 | 5 | 34 | 40 | 445 | 2.72 | 2.66 | 1.30 | 6.68 | 0.74 | 0.19 | 6.40 | 0.90 | |
A4 | 5 | 45 | 62 | 1,186 | 3.15 | 2.99 | 1.30 | 7.43 | 0.76 | 0.19 | 8.62 | 0.92 | |
A5 | 5 | 29 | 34 | 441 | 2.87 | 2.82 | 1.17 | 6.86 | 0.81 | 0.15 | 5.42 | 0.92 | |
调查时段 Time | |||||||||||||
4月 April | 5 | 39 | 50 | 732 | 2.78 | 2.45 | 1.39 | 6.61 | 0.71 | 0.24 | 7.43 | 0.89 | |
5月 May | 5 | 47 | 69 | 1,149 | 3.57 | 3.22 | 1.52 | 8.31 | 0.84 | 0.08 | 9.65 | 0.96 | |
6月 June | 5 | 50 | 70 | 1,769 | 3.28 | 3.02 | 1.29 | 7.59 | 0.77 | 0.21 | 9.23 | 0.93 | |
7月 July | 5 | 53 | 76 | 1,558 | 3.25 | 2.96 | 1.28 | 7.49 | 0.75 | 0.28 | 10.20 | 0.90 | |
8月 August | 5 | 53 | 84 | 1,422 | 3.70 | 3.26 | 1.28 | 8.24 | 0.84 | 0.10 | 11.43 | 0.96 | |
9月 September | 5 | 58 | 84 | 1,589 | 3.66 | 3.33 | 1.42 | 8.40 | 0.83 | 0.10 | 11.26 | 0.96 | |
10月 October | 5 | 20 | 24 | 283 | 2.96 | 2.67 | 1.44 | 7.08 | 0.93 | 0.11 | 4.07 | 0.94 | |
年份 Year | |||||||||||||
2016 | 5 | 54 | 86 | 2,864 | 3.80 | 3.20 | 1.34 | 8.33 | 0.85 | 0.09 | 10.68 | 0.97 | |
2017 | 5 | 62 | 101 | 3,103 | 3.48 | 3.28 | 1.37 | 8.13 | 0.75 | 0.18 | 12.44 | 0.94 | |
2018 | 5 | 64 | 89 | 2,535 | 3.52 | 3.20 | 1.39 | 8.11 | 0.78 | 0.17 | 11.23 | 0.94 | |
无量山 Wuliang Mountains | |||||||||||||
样线 Line transect | |||||||||||||
B1 | 5 | 58 | 91 | 2,058 | 3.39 | 2.94 | 1.35 | 7.67 | 0.75 | 0.14 | 11.80 | 0.94 | |
B2 | 5 | 58 | 89 | 3,225 | 3.25 | 2.90 | 1.26 | 7.41 | 0.72 | 0.16 | 10.89 | 0.93 | |
B3 | 5 | 51 | 81 | 1,945 | 3.22 | 2.92 | 1.33 | 7.47 | 0.73 | 0.20 | 10.56 | 0.93 | |
B4 | 5 | 33 | 41 | 1,767 | 2.34 | 2.24 | 1.13 | 5.71 | 0.63 | 0.36 | 5.35 | 0.82 | |
B5 | 5 | 54 | 82 | 3,580 | 3.16 | 2.84 | 1.27 | 7.26 | 0.72 | 0.17 | 9.90 | 0.93 | |
调查时段 Time | |||||||||||||
4月 April | 5 | 34 | 49 | 1,446 | 2.34 | 1.99 | 1.19 | 5.52 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 6.60 | 0.78 | |
5月 May | 5 | 45 | 64 | 1,612 | 3.38 | 3.00 | 1.28 | 7.66 | 0.81 | 0.12 | 8.53 | 0.95 | |
6月 June | 5 | 55 | 85 | 3,554 | 3.06 | 2.89 | 1.27 | 7.22 | 0.69 | 0.16 | 10.27 | 0.92 | |
7月 July | 5 | 65 | 89 | 2,277 | 3.15 | 2.89 | 1.32 | 7.37 | 0.70 | 0.25 | 11.38 | 0.91 | |
8月 August | 5 | 58 | 79 | 1,564 | 3.29 | 3.03 | 1.41 | 7.72 | 0.75 | 0.15 | 10.61 | 0.94 | |
9月 September | 5 | 61 | 93 | 1,767 | 3.64 | 3.19 | 1.43 | 8.27 | 0.80 | 0.09 | 12.30 | 0.96 | |
10月 October | 5 | 17 | 23 | 355 | 2.91 | 2.47 | 1.16 | 6.55 | 0.93 | 0.10 | 3.75 | 0.94 | |
年份 Year | |||||||||||||
2016 | 5 | 59 | 89 | 4,878 | 3.47 | 3.09 | 1.34 | 7.90 | 0.77 | 0.14 | 10.36 | 0.95 | |
2017 | 5 | 66 | 99 | 3,304 | 3.20 | 2.93 | 1.36 | 7.49 | 0.70 | 0.23 | 12.09 | 0.92 | |
2018 | 5 | 64 | 93 | 4,393 | 3.14 | 2.91 | 1.24 | 7.28 | 0.69 | 0.20 | 10.97 | 0.92 |
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