生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 24423.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024423  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024423

• 研究报告: 生物安全与自然保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

全国自然保护地对国家重点保护野生物种的覆盖度及其分布状况

郭雨桐1,李素萃2,王智3,解焱4,杨雪5,周广金2,尤春赫5,朱萨宁2,高吉喜2*   

  1. 1. 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012; 2. 生态环境部卫星环境应用中心, 北京 100094; 3. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究院, 南京 210042; 4. 中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101; 5. 北京林业大学, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-21 修回日期:2024-12-26 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-02-27
  • 通讯作者: 高吉喜

Coverage and distribution of national key protected wild species in China’s nature reserves

Yutong Guo1, Sucui Li2, Zhi Wang3, Yan Xie4, Xue Yang5, Guangjin Zhou2, Chunhe You5, Saning Zhu2, Jixi Gao2*   

  1. 1 Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China 

    2 Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China 

    3 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China 

    4 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 

    5 Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

  • Received:2024-09-21 Revised:2024-12-26 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-02-27
  • Contact: Jixi Gao

摘要: 自然保护地是最重要的野生动植物保护场所, 因此它们对物种的保护覆盖度一直是关注的重点。本文利用GBIF数据、文献数据以及自然保护地科考数据, 以《国家重点保护野生动物名录(2021年版)》、《国家重点保护野生植物名录(2021年版)》为依据, 分析了全国自然保护地对国家重点保护野生物种的保护覆盖度及分布状况。研究结果表明, 我国自然保护地保护了78.12%的国家重点保护野生动植物。其中, 重点保护野生动物覆盖率为85.58%, 重点保护野生植物覆盖率为71.95%; 自然保护地内国家重点保护野生物种的密度空间分布并不均匀, 呈现自西南向东北降低的趋势; 在科水平上, 兰科植物保护率最高, 其次为豆科、石松科、松科等; 从省域分布来看, 云南、四川、广东等省份自然保护地内国家重点保护野生动植物的保护物种数最高。总体而言, 我国绝大部分重要保护野生物种已在自然保护地内得到了保护, 自然保护地对我国生物多样性保护及《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》履行发挥了重要作用。

关键词: 自然保护区, 国家重点保护野生动植物, 昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架, 生物多样性, 保护覆盖率

Abstract

Aims: Nature reserves are essential venues for the conservation of wild flora and fauna, and the coverage of species protection by nature reserves has always been a focal point. 

Methods: This study utilized GBIF data, literature sources, and scientific research data from nature reserves, drawing on the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals (2021 Edition) and the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (2021 Edition), to analyze the coverage and distribution of national key protected wild species within nature reserves in China. 

Results: The results indicate that 78.12% of the national key protected wild species are conserved within nature reserves. Specifically, the coverage for key protected wild animals is found to reach 85.58%, while for key protected wild plants, it is 71.95%. The spatial density distribution of wild species within nature reserves is uneven, displaying a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast. At the family level, the highest protection coverage is observed for Orchidaceae, followed by Fabaceae, Lycopodiaceae, and Pinaceae. In terms of provincial distribution, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guangdong have the highest number of national key protected wild species. 

Conclusion: Overall, the majority of national key protected wild species are effectively conserved within nature reserves, and nature reserves play an important role in protecting biodiversity in China and fulfilling the commitments under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Key words: nature reserves, national key protected wild species, Kunming-Montreal Global Framework, biodiversity, conservation coverage