生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 24305.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024305  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024305

• 研究报告: 生态系统多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

短期氮、水添加和刈割减弱了苦豆子型退化草地土壤生物多样性与生态系统多功能性的联系

刘淑琪1,2,3, 崔东1,2*, 江智诚1,2, 刘江慧1,2, 闫江超1,2   

  1. 1. 伊犁师范大学资源与生态研究所, 新疆伊宁 835000; 2. 伊犁师范大学资源与环境学院, 新疆伊宁 835000; 3. 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院, 沈阳 110866
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-09 修回日期:2024-09-05 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 崔东

Short-term nitrogen addition, watering, and mowing weakened the relationship between soil biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in degraded Sophora alopecuroides grassland

Shuqi Liu1,2,3, Dong Cui1,2*, Zhicheng Jiang1,2, Jianghui Liu1,2, Jiangchao Yan1,2   

  1. 1 Institute of Resources and Ecology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China 

    2 College of Resources and Environment, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China 

    3 College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China

  • Received:2024-07-09 Revised:2024-09-05 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-27
  • Contact: Dong Cui

摘要: 气候变化和人类活动的双重影响会增加毒害草适生区, 导致新疆半干旱地区生物多样性迅速丧失, 草地退化日益严重。探明土壤生物群落与生态系统多功能性的关系, 可为新疆地区科学管控毒害草扩散蔓延提供理论支撑。本研究通过田间试验, 探究短期氮、水添加和刈割对土壤生物多样性、共生网络的影响以及多样性指数与生态系统多功能性的关系。结果显示: (1)土壤细菌Shannon-Wiener多样性在对照组与水添加处理和氮添加刈割处理之间有显著性差异; 土壤真菌、线虫和节肢动物多样性在各处理之间无显著性差异。(2)氮添加、水添加、刈割、氮水添加和氮添加刈割处理降低了土壤生物共生网络的复杂性和连通性; 水添加刈割和氮水添加刈割处理增加了土壤生物共生网络的复杂性和连通性。(3)对照组生物多样性指数与生态系统多功能性指数呈显著正相关关系(P < 0.01), 氮添加刈割处理生物多样性指数与生态系统多功能性指数呈显著负相关关系(P < 0.05); 其他处理生物多样性指数与生态系统多功能性指数均无相关性。土壤细菌多样性在外界环境改变时最易发生变化, 短期氮、水添加和刈割会减弱土壤生物多样性与生态系统多功能性的联系。本文可为深入了解全球变化引起的环境变化对土壤生物多样性和生态系统多功能性关系的影响机制提供理论依据。

关键词: 全球变化, 毒害草, 微生物, 土壤动物, 生态系统多功能性

Abstract

Aims: The combined impacts of climate change and human activities are likely to increase the land areas suitable for poisonous weeds, leading to rapid biodiversity loss and increasingly severe grassland degradation in the semi-arid region of Xinjiang. Enhanced understanding of the relationship between soil biomes and ecosystem multifunctionality can provide theoretical support for efforts to control the spread of poisonous weeds in Xinjiang. 

Methods: This study used a field experiment to explore the effects of nitrogen, water addition and mowing on soil biodiversity patterns, co-occurrence networks, and the relationship between diversity indices and ecosystem multifunctionality. This study adopted a randomized block trial design and set up eight treatments, which are no nitrogen, no watering, no mowing (CK), nitrogen addition (N treatment), watering (W treatment), mowing (M treatment), nitrogen × watering (NW treatment), nitrogen × mowing (NM treatment), watering × mowing (WM treatment), nitrogen × watering × mowing (NWM treatment). 

Results: (1) The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of soil bacteria differed significantly between the control, water addition, and nitrogen-mowing treatments. There were no significant differences between the diversity of soil fungi, nematodes, and arthropods in each treatment. (2) N, W, M, NW, and NM treatments all resulted in reduced complexity and connectivity of soil biological co-occurrence networks. WM and NWM treatments increased the complexity and connectivity of soil biological co-occurrence networks. (3) In the control, there was a significant and positive correlation between multidiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality (P < 0.01). In the NM treatment, there was a significant and negative correlation between multidiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between multidiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in the other treatments. Finally, soil bacterial diversity was most susceptible to the change of external environment. 

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that short-term nitrogen addition, watering, and mowing can weaken the relationship between soil biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. These findings provide a theoretical basis for closer study of the mechanisms that affect the relationship between soil biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality through environmental changes caused by global climate change.

Key words: global change, poisonous weeds, microbes, soil fauna, ecosystem multifunctionality