青藏高原盆栽一年生和多年生豆科牧草对土壤线虫群落的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2024040

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 24040. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024040 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024040

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

青藏高原盆栽一年生和多年生豆科牧草对土壤线虫群落的影响

孙怡欣(), 侯春雨, 周磊, 魏雪(), 马金豪(), 薛娟, 李小涵(), 吴鹏飞^*()()

西南民族大学草地资源学院, 成都 610225

收稿日期:2024-01-29 接受日期:2024-05-20 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-05-30
通讯作者: *E-mail: wupf@swun.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41971064);四川省自然科学基金重点项目(24NSFSC0107);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(ZYN2024080)

Effects of annual and perennial potted legume forages on soil nematode communities in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

Yixin Sun(), Chunyu Hou, Lei Zhou, Xue Wei(), Jinhao Ma(), Juan Xue, Xiaohan Li(), Pengfei Wu^*()()

College of Grassland Resource, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China

Received:2024-01-29 Accepted:2024-05-20 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-05-30
Contact: *E-mail: wupf@swun.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971064);Key Project of Sichuan Natural Science Foundation(24NSFSC0107);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYN2024080)

1. 附录.pdf(1173KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

查明一年生及多年生豆科牧草对土壤线虫群落的影响, 可为青藏高原地区科学种植豆科牧草提供技术支撑。作者于2020-2022年在川西北红原县盆栽种植一年生光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa, VV)和多年生紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa, MS), 以天然草地的植物作对照(control, CK)。每年9月下旬对土壤线虫组成、密度、多样性和营养类群, 植物的高度、盖度、生物量及土壤理化性质进行调查。结果表明: (1) 3种处理间的线虫群落组成结构存在差异, 并随年际变化而增大; (2)光叶紫花苕的土壤线虫群落密度显著高于紫花苜蓿和对照, 紫花苜蓿的线虫类群数和Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于光叶紫花苕和对照; 随着年际变化, 光叶紫花苕的线虫类群数及Shannon-Wiener指数、紫花苜蓿的线虫密度及Shannon-Wiener指数均显著下降; (3)光叶紫花苕的食真菌和植物寄生线虫密度显著高于紫花苜蓿和对照, 捕食杂食线虫相对密度显著低于紫花苜蓿和对照; 紫花苜蓿的植物寄生线虫相对密度显著低于光叶紫花苕和对照; 随年际变化, 光叶紫花苕的食细菌和植物寄生线虫相对密度分别显著下降和上升, 紫花苜蓿和对照的食细菌线虫和食真菌线虫密度及食细菌线虫相对密度显著下降, 捕食杂食线虫相对密度显著上升; (4)光叶紫花苕线虫群落的基础指数、结构指数和通道指数显著高于紫花苜蓿; (5)影响土壤线虫群落的主要环境因子主要为土壤pH、有效钾和植物群落高度、盖度和地上生物量。研究结果表明, 一年生和多年生豆科牧草分别有利于维持较高的线虫群落密度和多样性, 二者间作可能有利于提高线虫群落密度、多样性及生态功能。

关键词: 土壤动物, 豆科牧草, 盆栽试验, 多样性, 高寒草甸

Abstract

Aim This study aimed to reveal the effects of annual and perennial legume forages on soil nematode communities and to provide technical support for scientifically planting legume forages in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

Methods An annual leguminous Vicia villosa (VV) and a perennial leguminous Medicago sativa (MS) were selected and cultivated in pots in Hongyuan County (northwest Sichuan) from 2020 to 2022. Herbaceous plants from natural grasslands were also cultivated in pots as the control (CK). Taxonomic composition, density, diversity and trophic groups of soil nematode communities were analyzed in late September for each year. Height, coverage, biomass of plants and soil properties were also measured during the study.

Results (1) The differences in taxonomic composition structure of nematode communities were significant among three different treatments and increased across cultivating years. (2) Soil nematode community density in VV was significantly higher than that in MS and CK (P < 0.05). The taxonomic richness and Shannon-Wiener index in MS were significantly higher than those in VV and CK (P < 0.05). The taxonomic richness and Shannon-Wiener index in VV and the density and Shannon-Wiener index in MS declined significantly over years. (3) The density of fungivores and plant parasites nematodes were significantly higher, and the relative density of omnivores-predation nematodes were significantly lower in VV than in MS and CK (P < 0.05). The relative density of plant parasites nematodes was significantly lower in MS than in VV and CK (P < 0.05). The relative density declined significantly for bacterivores and increased significantly for plant parasites over the course of the study in VV. The density of bacterivores and fungivores and the relative density of bacterivores decreased significantly with increasing cultivation years in MS and CK, with the relative density of omnivores-predation responding oppositely. (4) The basal, structural and channel indices of soil nematode communities were significantly higher in the VV than those in the MS. (5) The main environmental factors affecting soil nematode communities were soil pH, available potassium, plant community height, coverage, and aboveground biomass.

Conclusion Our findings indicate that the nematodes are more abundant in annual legume forages and more diverse in perennial legume forage. Therefore, intercropping annual and perennial leguminous forages may benefit promoting the density, diversity, and ecological functions of nematode communities.

Key words: soil animals, legume forages, pot experiment, diversity, alpine grasslands

孙怡欣, 侯春雨, 周磊, 魏雪, 马金豪, 薛娟, 李小涵, 吴鹏飞 (2024) 青藏高原盆栽一年生和多年生豆科牧草对土壤线虫群落的影响. 生物多样性, 32, 24040. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024040.

Yixin Sun, Chunyu Hou, Lei Zhou, Xue Wei, Jinhao Ma, Juan Xue, Xiaohan Li, Pengfei Wu (2024) Effects of annual and perennial potted legume forages on soil nematode communities in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24040. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024040.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024040

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图/表 6

图1 不同年份(A, B, C)和不同处理(D, E, F)土壤线虫群落组成主成分分析。VV: 光叶紫花苕; MS: 紫花苜蓿; CK: 对照。

Fig. 1 Principal component analysis of soil nematode community composition in different cultivating years (A, B, C) and different treatments (D, E, F). VV, Vicia villosa; MS, Medicago sativa; CK, Control.

图2 不同年份和不同处理间土壤线虫群落密度及多样性。VV: 光叶紫花苕; MS: 紫花苜蓿; CK: 对照。F表示牧草间效应, Y表示年间效应, F × Y表示牧草与年间的交互效应。F为参数检验, H为非参数检验。不同大写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同种处理不同年份间的差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Density and diversity of soil nematode community in different cultivating years and different treatments. VV, Vicia villosa; MS, Medicago sativa; CK, Control. F represents the effects of forages, Y represents the effects of cultivating years, and F × Y represents the interactional effects of forages and cultivating years. F represents the parameter test, H represents the nonparametric test. Different capital letters represent the significant difference between treatments (P < 0.05), and different lowercase letters represent the significant difference between different cultivating years (P < 0.05) of the same treatment.

图3 不同年份和不同处理间土壤线虫群落不同营养类群的密度。VV: 光叶紫花苕; MS: 紫花苜蓿; CK: 对照。F表示牧草间效应, Y表示年间效应, F × Y表示牧草与年间的交互效应。F为参数检验, H为非参数检验。不同大写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同种处理不同年份间的差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Density of different trophic groups of soil nematode communities in different cultivating years and different treatments. VV, Vicia villosa; MS, Medicago sativa; CK, Control. F represents the effects of forages, Y represents the effects of cultivating years, and F × Y represents the interactional effects of forages and cultivating years. F represents the parameter test, H represents the nonparametric test; Different capital letters represent the significant difference between treatments (P < 0.05), and different lowercase letters represent the significant difference between the different cultivating years (P < 0.05) of the same treatment.

图4 土壤线虫群落生态指数。VV: 光叶紫花苕; MS: 紫花苜蓿; CK: 对照。F表示牧草间效应, Y表示年间效应, F × Y表示牧草与年间的交互效应。F为参数检验, H为非参数检验。不同大写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同种处理不同年份间的差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Ecological indices of soil nematode communities. VV, Vicia villosa; MS, Medicago sativa; CK, Control. F represents the effects of forages, Y represents the effects of cultivating years, and F × Y represents the interactional effects of forages and cultivating years. F represents the parameter test, H represents the nonparametric test. Different capital letters represent the significant difference between treatments (P < 0.05), and different lowercase letters represent the significant difference between different cultivating years (P < 0.05) of the same treatment.

图5 土壤线虫群落与环境因子的冗余分析。VV: 光叶紫花苕; MS: 紫花苜蓿; CK: 对照。AB: 地上生物量; Coverage: 植物群落盖度; RB: 根系生物量; Height: 植物群落高度; SOC: 土壤有机碳; AP: 有效磷; AN: 有效氮; AK: 有效钾; WC: 土壤含水量。

Fig. 5 Redundancy analysis on the relationships between soil nematode community and environmental factors. VV, Vicia villosa; MS, Medicago sativa; CK, Control. AB, Aboveground biomass; Coverage, Plant community coverage; RB, Root biomass; Height, Plant community height; SOC, Soil organic carbon; AP, Available P; AN, Available N; AK, Available K; WC, Soil water content.

图6 土壤线虫群落各指数与环境因子相关分析热图。Ba: 食细菌线虫; Fu: 食真菌线虫; Om: 捕食杂食线虫; Pl: 植物寄生线虫。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01。

Fig. 6 Heat map of correlation analysis between indices of soil nematode community and environmental factors. AB, Aboveground biomass; RB, Root biomass; WC, Soil water content; Height, Plant community height; AK, Available K; Coverage, Plant community coverage; SOC, Soil organic carbon; AN, Available N; AP, Available P; Ba, Bacterivores; Fu, Fungivores; Om, Omnivores-predation; Pl, Plant parasites. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.

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青藏高原盆栽一年生和多年生豆科牧草对土壤线虫群落的影响

Effects of annual and perennial potted legume forages on soil nematode communities in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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