千岛湖片段化生境中蚜虫群落嵌套格局的形成: 岛屿面积和寄主植物多样性的作用

doi:10.17520/biods.2023183

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 23183. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023183

• 华莱士诞辰200周年纪念专题 • 下一篇

千岛湖片段化生境中蚜虫群落嵌套格局的形成: 岛屿面积和寄主植物多样性的作用

蔡畅¹, 张雪¹(), 朱晨¹(), 赵郁豪²^,³(), 乔格侠⁴^,⁵(), 丁平¹^,^*()

1.浙江大学生命科学学院, 杭州 310058
2.华东师范大学崇明生态研究院, 上海 202162
3.华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 浙江舟山岛屿生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 上海 200241
4.中国科学院动物研究所动物进化与系统学重点实验室, 北京 100101
5.中国科学院大学生命科学学院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2023-06-04 接受日期:2023-08-19 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-10-08
通讯作者: *E-mail: dingping@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31930073);国家自然科学基金(32030066)

Nested assemblages of aphid species in the Thousand Island Lake: The importance of island area and host plant diversity

Chang Cai¹, Xue Zhang¹(), Chen Zhu¹(), Yuhao Zhao²^,³(), Gexia Qiao⁴^,⁵(), Ping Ding¹^,^*()

1 College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
2 Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 202162
3 Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241
4 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
5 College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2023-06-04 Accepted:2023-08-19 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2023-10-08
Contact: *E-mail: dingping@zju.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

片段化生境中群落的物种分布常呈现出嵌套格局。本研究选取蚜虫作为研究对象, 分别于2020年和2021年每年的5-8月对千岛湖18个陆桥岛屿进行了蚜虫群落调查, 同时调查了各岛屿上蚜虫生境中总体植物的群落组成, 以及与蚜虫存在种间互作关系的寄主植物群落和互惠蚂蚁群落组成。探究了蚜虫群落的嵌套分布格局及其影响因素, 并利用结构方程模型探究了种间互作在其中发挥的作用。结果表明: (1)千岛湖片段化生境中的蚜虫群落呈现显著的嵌套格局; (2)随机分布模型结果显示该嵌套格局并非被动取样造成; (3)千岛湖片段化生境中蚜虫群落的岛屿嵌套序列与岛屿面积显著相关, 且各岛屿上蚜虫生境中的总体植物群落呈现显著嵌套格局, 该结果支持选择性灭绝假说和生境嵌套假说; (4)寄主植物物种丰富度对蚜虫嵌套格局存在显著正向影响, 植物与蚜虫间的互作关系促进了蚜虫群落嵌套格局的形成。因此, 在研究物种嵌套格局形成机制时, 应充分考虑种间互作等因素的影响。

关键词: 岛屿面积, 寄主植物, 结构方程模型, 千岛湖, 嵌套格局, 生境片段化, 蚜虫, 种间互作

Abstract

Aims: Nested subset pattern (nestedness) of species distributions is widespread in fragmented habitats. This study aims to explore the nested distribution pattern of aphid communities and the potential influencing mechanisms, including the effects of plant-aphid interaction and ant-aphid interaction on aphid community nesting structure, in the fragmented landscape of the Thousand Island Lake, China.

Methods: We surveyed aphid communities on 18 land-bridge islands from May to August in both 2020 and 2021. Meanwhile, we surveyed host plant communities and mutualistic ant communities that have close interspecific interactions with aphid communities, along with integral plant communities in the aphid habitats. We analyzed the nestedness of the aphid communities and the integral plant communities by using NODF (nestedness metrics based on overlap and decreasing fill). We also used the random placement model to evaluate whether the passive sampling hypothesis played a major role in generating the nestedness of aphid communities. Moreover, we evaluated the role of island variables (island area and degree of isolation) in generating nestedness based on multiple linear regression. We also used the piecewise structural equation model to analyze the influence of island variables (island plant richness, host plant richness, and mutualistic ant richness) on the nestedness of aphid communities.

Results: (1) Aphid assemblages were significantly nested in the Thousand Island Lake; (2) The nestedness of aphids was not caused by passive sampling; (3) The nestedness of aphid communities had a significantly positive correlation with island area in the Thousand Island Lake, which supports the hypothesis of selective extinction. The nestedness of integral plant communities also supports the hypothesis of habitat nestedness; (4) The piecewise structural equation models showed that the diversity of host plants had a significant and positive influence on the nested ranking of aphid assemblages.

Conclusion: Our study showed that the nestedness of aphid communities in the Thousand Island Lake was driven by selective extinction and habitat nestedness, and the plant-aphid interaction, as an important intermediate factor, had a significantly direct effect on the nestedness. Therefore, the roles of interspecific interactions involving focus species should be fully considered when analyzing the underlying mechanism generating nested subset pattern.

Key words: island area, host plant, structural equation model, Thousand Island Lake, nested subset pattern, habitat fragmentation, aphid, interspecific interaction

蔡畅, 张雪, 朱晨, 赵郁豪, 乔格侠, 丁平 (2023) 千岛湖片段化生境中蚜虫群落嵌套格局的形成: 岛屿面积和寄主植物多样性的作用. 生物多样性, 31, 23183. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023183.

Chang Cai, Xue Zhang, Chen Zhu, Yuhao Zhao, Gexia Qiao, Ping Ding (2023) Nested assemblages of aphid species in the Thousand Island Lake: The importance of island area and host plant diversity. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23183. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023183.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023183

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I12/23183

图/表 7

图1 千岛湖18个研究岛屿分布图

Fig. 1 Map of the 18 studied islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China

表1 千岛湖18个研究岛屿的特征参数

Table 1 Characteristic parameters of the 18 studied islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China

岛屿编号 Island code	面积 Area (ha)	距最近大陆距离 Distance to the nearest mainland (m)	距最近岛屿距离 Distance to the nearest island (m)	样带数量 Number of transect	样带总长度 Total transect length (m)	嵌套序列 Nested matrix rank	蚜虫物种丰富度 Aphid richness	生境植物物种丰富度 Habitat plant species richness	寄主植物物种丰富度 Host plant species richness	互惠蚂蚁物种丰富度 Mutualistic ant species richness
B2	128.040	1,452.275	27.072	5	2,000	1	16	113	20	21
S07	0.488	2,105.772	15.236	1	400	2	12	38	17	5
B6	51.889	950.346	31.812	4	1,600	3	11	67	18	18
B7	29.054	1,938.729	67.309	3	1,200	4	10	76	16	17
S30	4.058	2,588.229	26.041	2	800	5	10	41	15	14
S01	0.434	3,725.022	89.542	1	400	6	9	36	12	8
S02	0.623	3,204.960	71.298	1	400	7	9	34	11	7
S46	1.035	727.554	14.890	2	800	8	9	57	15	9
S11	1.560	1,098.858	53.295	2	800	9	8	44	14	7
S17	0.715	892.695	143.517	1	400	10	8	32	14	10
S26	9.729	2,163.768	135.660	2	800	11	8	46	14	10
S43	2.233	1,187.389	77.688	2	800	12	8	46	11	14
S05	0.588	2,320.772	29.648	1	400	13	7	36	12	8
S09	1.819	1,046.338	121.168	2	800	14	7	55	12	15
S48	0.887	356.092	62.151	1	400	15	7	41	11	8
S19	0.338	1,529.966	52.729	1	400	16	6	21	6	8
S31	0.079	2,567.282	47.085	1	400	17	6	28	8	7
S33	0.289	3,039.890	87.270	1	400	18	5	28	5	9

图2 岛屿地理因素与生物因素对蚜虫群落岛屿嵌套程度影响的结构方程初始模型

Fig. 2 General structural equation model depicting relationships between island geographical and biological factors and island nestedrank of aphid communities

表2 千岛湖18个研究岛屿蚜虫群落、生境植物群落嵌套格局分析

Table 2 Analysis of nested pattern of aphid communities and its habitat plant communities in the 18 studied islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China

	嵌套度量化 Nestedness metric	观测值 N_obs	期望值 N_exp	标准差 SD	Z值 Z-score	P
蚜虫 Aphid	总NODF	62.86	36.52	2.00	13.22	< 0.001
	岛屿NODF_C	57.78	37.58	2.31	8.75	< 0.001
	物种NODF_R	72.03	41.54	3.28	9.29	< 0.001
生境植物 Habitat plant	总NODF	57.74	30.15	0.63	44.12	< 0.001

图3 千岛湖18个研究岛屿上蚜虫群落的物种-岛屿最大化排序嵌套矩阵(A)和被动取样检验结果(B)。(B)图表示实际调查值与随机分布模型预测结果的比较情况, 圆点表示观测到的物种丰富度, 蓝线表示预测值, 灰线表示相关的标准差(± SD)。

Fig. 3 Maximally nested presence-absence matrix (A) and the result of passive sampling (B) of aphid communities on the 18 islands of the Thousand Island Lake, China. (B) The passive sampling model shows the expected values (blue lines) and associated standard deviations (± SD, grey lines), and orange dots for observed species richness.

表3 岛屿地理因素对蚜虫岛屿嵌套程度和各生物类群物种丰富度影响的多元线性回归结果

Table 3 Results of the multiple linear regression models of the effects of island geographic factors on aphid island nestedrank and species richness of each biological group

	回归系数 Coefficient			截距 Intercept	校正决定系数 Adjusted R-squared $(R_{\mathrm{adj}}^2)$	F
	岛屿面积 Island area	距最近大陆距离 Distance to the nearest mainland	距最近岛屿距离 Distance to the nearest island	截距 Intercept	校正决定系数 Adjusted R-squared $(R_{\mathrm{adj}}^2)$	F
蚜虫岛屿嵌套程度 Island nestedrank of aphid communities (A'_K)	0.112^**	< 0.001	-0.002	0.443^*	0.479	6.21^**
生境植物物种丰富度 Habitat plant species richness	0.172^***	< -0.001	-0.001	3.818^***	0.751	18.13^***
寄主植物物种丰富度 Host plant speices richness	0.119^**	< -0.001	-0.001	2.597^***	0.397	4.731^*
互惠蚂蚁物种丰富度 Mutualistic ant species richness	0.167^***	< -0.001	0.001	2.151^***	0.638	10.98^***

图4 岛屿面积与各生物因素对蚜虫群落岛屿嵌套程度影响的结构方程最优模型结果。蓝色、红色及虚线箭头分别表示显著正、负路径及不显著路径关系, 箭头的粗细代表标准化路径系数的相对大小。

Fig. 4 Structural equation model depicting relationships between island area and biological factors and island nestedrank of aphid communities. Blue, red and dashed arrows represent significantly positive, negative or non-significant effects at the 0.05 level, respectively. Arrow thickness represents the relative magnitude of the standardized path coefficients.

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千岛湖片段化生境中蚜虫群落嵌套格局的形成: 岛屿面积和寄主植物多样性的作用

Nested assemblages of aphid species in the Thousand Island Lake: The importance of island area and host plant diversity

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