生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 1186-1197. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021205
李艳朋1,2, 倪云龙1,3, 许涵2, 练琚愉1,3,4,*(), 叶万辉1,3,4
收稿日期:
2021-05-21
接受日期:
2021-08-11
出版日期:
2021-09-20
发布日期:
2021-09-16
通讯作者:
练琚愉
作者简介:
* E-mail: lianjy@scbg.ac.cn基金资助:
Yanpeng Li1,2, Yunlong Ni1,3, Han Xu2, Juyu Lian1,3,4,*(), Wanhui Ye1,3,4
Received:
2021-05-21
Accepted:
2021-08-11
Online:
2021-09-20
Published:
2021-09-16
Contact:
Juyu Lian
摘要:
建立植物功能性状与群落动态之间的关联是功能生态学的核心问题之一。本文基于鼎湖山1.44 ha塔吊样地的两次调查数据, 通过采集样地内所有4,142株个体的6种植物功能性状, 对比分析了个体水平植物功能性状和物种水平功能性状均值对不同垂直层次(灌木层、亚冠层和林冠层)个体生长的影响差异。首先, 分析了不同垂直层次下各植物功能性状的变化趋势; 其次, 计算了不同垂直层次下各植物功能性状的种内和种间变异水平; 最后, 运用结构方程模型探讨了植物功能性状、光竞争以及地下竞争对不同垂直层次树木生长的影响。结果表明: (1)不同垂直层次下的植物功能性状表现出明显的分异, 由灌木层至林冠层, 叶面积、比叶面积和能量供求关系指数显著降低, 而叶片厚度和叶片干物质含量显著升高; (2)不同垂直层次下植物功能性状的种间变异均大于种内变异, 且林冠层的种内功能性状变异均大于灌木层和亚冠层; (3)基于个体水平植物功能性状的结构方程模型较物种水平功能性状均值对生长具有更高的解释程度, 且个体水平植物功能性状的引入更有利于提高对灌木层个体生长的预测能力; (4)光竞争和地下竞争主要通过影响功能性状间接影响植物生长。由灌木层至林冠层, 同种间的相互作用逐渐减弱, 异种间的相互作用逐渐增强。综上, 将个体水平植物功能性状纳入分析有助于更好地理解群落的结构和动态。
李艳朋, 倪云龙, 许涵, 练琚愉, 叶万辉 (2021) 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林植物功能性状变异与不同垂直层次个体生长的关联. 生物多样性, 29, 1186-1197. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021205.
Yanpeng Li, Yunlong Ni, Han Xu, Juyu Lian, Wanhui Ye (2021) Relationship between variation of plant functional traits and individual growth at different vertical layers in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Dinghushan. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1186-1197. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021205.
图1 地下竞争、光竞争和植物功能性状影响个体年平均生长率的结构方程模型。Trait: 植物功能性状; LA: 叶面积; LDMC: 叶片干物质含量; SLA: 比叶面积; LT: 叶片厚度; R: 能量供求关系指数; H: 树高; LC-c: 同种邻体的光竞争指数; LC-h: 异种邻体的光竞争指数; UC-c: 同种邻体的地下竞争指数; UC-h: 异种邻体的地下竞争指数; AGR: 年平均生长率。
Fig. 1 A structural equation model illustrating the effects of plant functional traits, underground competition and light competition on the annual growth rate of individuals. Trait, Plant functional trait; LA, Leaf area; LDMC, Leaf dry matter content; SLA, Specific leaf area; LT, Leaf thickness; R, Energy supply-demand index; H, Height; LC-c, Neighborhood indices of competition for light for conspecific neighbors; LC-h, Neighborhood indices of competition for light for heterospecific neighbors; UC-c, Neighborhood indices of underground competition for conspecific neighbors; UC-h, Neighborhood indices of underground competition for heterospecific neighbors; AGR, Annual growth rate.
图2 不同垂直层次下物种水平植物功能性状的差异。不同小写字母表示不同垂直层次下的植物功能性状在5%显著性水平下存在差异。LA、LT、LDMC、SLA和R含义同图1。
Fig. 2 Differences of plant functional traits at species level with different vertical layers. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences of plant functional traits with different vertical layers at 5% level. The meanings of LA, LT, LDMC, SLA and R are the same as in Fig. 1.
图3 植物功能性状在不同垂直层次下的种内和种间变异。LA、LT、LDMC、SLA、R和H含义同图1, Mean为所有植物功能性状的平均变异水平。
Fig. 3 Intraspecific variation and interspecific variation of plant functional traits at different vertical layers. The meaning of LA, LT, LDMC, SLA, R and H are the same as in Fig. 1, and the factor Mean represents the average variation level of all plant functional traits.
图4 地下竞争、光竞争和个体水平植物功能性状(A)以及物种水平功能性状均值(B)影响灌木层个体年平均生长率的结构方程模型。箭头代表假设的变量之间的因果关系, 箭头宽度表示关系的强弱, 红色代表负效应, 绿色代表正效应, 箭头附近的值表示不同显著水平(*** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05; ns, 不显著)下的路径系数(标准化回归系数)。变量外侧的数值代表结构方程模型解释的方差百分比。CFI: 比较拟合指数; RMSEA: 渐进残差均方和平方根; SRMR: 标准化残差均方和平方根; χ2: 卡方拟合分析评价。Trait、LA、R、LC-c、LC-h、UC-c、UC-h和AGR含义同图1。
Fig. 4 The structural equation models (SEM) for the effects of plant functional traits at individual (A) and species level (B), underground competition and light competition on the annual growth rate of individuals in the shrub layer. Arrows represent the hypothesized causal relationships between variables. Arrow width indicates the strength of the relationship. Red color indicates negative relationships. Green color indicates positive relationships. Values next to the arrows are path coefficients (standardized partial regression coefficients) with associated statistical significance, *** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05; ns, not significant. Values at outside of the variables represent the percentage of variance explained by the model. CFI, Comparative fit index; RMSEA, Root mean square error of approximation; SRMR, Standardized root mean square residual; χ2, Goodness-of-fit statistic assesses. The meaning of Trait, LA, R, LC-c, LC-h, UC-c, UC-h and AGR are the same as in Fig. 1.
图5 地下竞争、光竞争和个体水平植物功能性状(A)以及物种水平功能性状均值(B)影响亚冠层个体年平均生长率的结构方程模型。结构方程模型的框架结构同图4。Trait、LA、R、LC-c、LC-h、UC-c、UC-h和AGR含义同图1。
Fig. 5 The structural equation models (SEM) for the effects of plant functional traits at individual (A) and species level (B), underground competition and light competition on the annual growth rate of individuals in the subcanopy layer. The frame structure of SEM is the same as in Fig. 4. The meaning of Trait, LA, R, LC-c, LC-h, UC-c, UC-h and AGR are the same as in Fig. 1.
图6 地下竞争、光竞争和个体水平植物功能性状(A)以及物种水平功能性状均值(B)影响林冠层个体年平均生长率的结构方程模型。结构方程模型的框架结构同图4。Trait、LDMC、R、LC-c、LC-h、UC-c、UC-h和AGR含义同图1。
Fig. 6 The structural equation models (SEM) for the effects of plant functional traits at individual (A) and species level (B), underground competition and light competition on the annual growth rate of individuals in the canopy layer. The frame structure of SEM is the same as in Fig. 4. The meaning of Trait, LDMC, R, LC-c, LC-h, UC-c, UC-h and AGR are the same as in Fig. 1.
[1] |
Ackerly DD (2003) Community assembly, niche conservatism, and adaptive evolution in changing environments. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 164, 165-184.
DOI URL |
[2] |
Adler PB, Fajardo A, Kleinhesselink AR, Kraft NJB (2013) Trait-based tests of coexistence mechanisms. Ecology Letters, 16, 1294-1306.
DOI URL |
[3] | Bartoń K (2020) MuMIn, Multi-Model Inference. R package version 1. 43.17. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MuMIn/. (accessed on 2019-10-17) |
[4] |
Bolnick DI, Amarasekare P, Araújo MS, Bürger R, Levine JM, Novak M, Rudolf VHW, Schreiber SJ, Urban MC, Vasseur DA (2011) Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 26, 183-192.
DOI PMID |
[5] |
Chen YX, Wright SJ, Muller-Landau HC, Hubbell SP, Wang YF, Yu SX (2016) Positive effects of neighborhood complementarity on tree growth in a Neotropical forest. Ecology, 97, 776-785.
DOI URL |
[6] |
Comita LS, Hubbell SP (2009) Local neighborhood and species’ shade tolerance influence survival in a diverse seedling bank. Ecology, 90, 328-334.
PMID |
[7] |
Comita LS, Muller-Landau HC, Aguilar S, Hubbell SP (2010) Asymmetric density dependence shapes species abundances in a tropical tree community. Science, 329, 330-332.
DOI PMID |
[8] | Condit R (1998) Tropical Forest Census Plots: Methods and Results from Barro Colorado Island, Panama and a Comparison with Other Plots. Springer, Berlin. |
[9] |
Coomes DA, Allen RB (2007) Effects of size, competition and altitude on tree growth. Journal of Ecology, 95, 1084-1097.
DOI URL |
[10] |
Cornelissen JHC, Lavorel S, Garnier E, Díaz S, Buchmann N, Gurvich DE, Reich PB ter Steege H, Morgan HD, van der Heijden MGA, Pausas JG, Poorter H (2003) A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Australian Journal of Botany, 51, 335-380.
DOI URL |
[11] |
de Bello F, Lavorel S, Albert CH, Thuiller W, Grigulis K, Dolezal J, Janeček Š, Lepš J (2011) Quantifying the relevance of intraspecific trait variability for functional diversity. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2, 163-174.
DOI URL |
[12] |
Enquist BJ (2002) Universal scaling in tree and vascular plant allometry: Toward a general quantitative theory linking plant form and function from cells to ecosystems. Tree Physiology, 22, 1045-1064.
PMID |
[13] | Enquist BJ, Brown JH, West GB (1998) Allometric scaling of plant energetics and population density. Nature, 395, 163-165. |
[14] |
Enquist BJ, Kerkhoff AJ, Stark SC, Swenson NG, McCarthy MC, Price CA (2007) A general integrative model for scaling plant growth, carbon flux, and functional trait spectra. Nature, 449, 218-222.
DOI URL |
[15] | Enquist BJ, West GB, Charnov EL, Brown JH (1999) Allometric scaling of production and life-history variation in vascular plants. Nature, 401, 907-911. |
[16] |
Flynn DFB, Mirotchnick N, Jain M, Palmer MI, Naeem S (2011) Functional and phylogenetic diversity as predictors of biodiversity-ecosystem-function relationships. Ecology, 92, 1573-1581.
PMID |
[17] |
Freckleton RP, Watkinson AR (2001) Asymmetric competition between plant species. Functional Ecology, 15, 615-623.
DOI URL |
[18] |
Freckleton RP, Watkinson AR, Rees M (2009) Measuring the importance of competition in plant communities. Journal of Ecology, 97, 379-384.
DOI URL |
[19] |
Garnier E, Laurent G, Bellmann A, Debain S, Berthelier P, Ducout B, Roumet C, Navas ML (2001) Consistency of species ranking based on functional leaf traits. New Phytologist, 152, 69-83.
DOI URL |
[20] |
Gui XJ, Lian JY, Zhang RY, Li YP, Shen H, Ni YL, Ye WH (2019) Vertical structure and its biodiversity in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest at Dinghushan in Guangdong Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 27, 619-629. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI URL |
[桂旭君, 练琚愉, 张入匀, 李艳朋, 沈浩, 倪云龙, 叶万辉 (2019) 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林群落垂直结构及其物种多样性特征. 生物多样性, 27, 619-629.]
DOI |
|
[21] |
Han BC, Umaña MN, Mi XC, Liu XJ, Chen L, Wang YQ, Liang Y, Wei W, Ma KP (2017) The role of transcriptomes linked with responses to light environment on seedling mortality in a subtropical forest, China. Journal of Ecology, 105, 592-601.
DOI URL |
[22] | Harper JL (1977) Population Biology of Plants. Academic Press, Pittsburgh. |
[23] |
Hulshof CM, Swenson NG (2010) Variation in leaf functional trait values within and across individuals and species: An example from a Costa Rican dry forest. Functional Ecology, 24, 217-223.
DOI URL |
[24] |
Iida Y, Kohyama TS, Swenson NG, Su SH, Chen CT, Chiang JM, Sun IF (2014) Linking functional traits and demographic rates in a subtropical tree community: The importance of size dependency. Journal of Ecology, 102, 641-650.
DOI URL |
[25] |
Jung V, Violle C, Mondy C, Hoffmann L, Muller S (2010) Intraspecific variability and trait-based community assembly. Journal of Ecology, 98, 1134-1140.
DOI URL |
[26] |
Kazakou E, Violle C, Roumet C, Navas ML, Vile D, Kattge J, Garnier E (2014) Are trait-based species rankings consistent across data sets and spatial scales? Journal of Vegetation Science, 25, 235-247.
DOI URL |
[27] |
Kraft NJB, Valencia R, Ackerly DD (2008) Functional traits and niche-based tree community assembly in an Amazonian forest. Science, 322, 580-582.
DOI URL |
[28] |
Laliberté E, Lambers H, Burgess TI, Wright SJ (2015) Phosphorus limitation, soil-borne pathogens and the coexistence of plant species in hyperdiverse forests and shrublands. New Phytologist, 206, 507-521.
DOI PMID |
[29] |
Liu RH, Bai JL, Bao H, Nong JL, Zhao JJ, Jiang Y, Liang SC, Li YJ (2020) Variation and correlation in functional traits of main woody plants in the Cyclobalanopsis glauca community in the karst hills of Guilin, southwest China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 44, 828-841. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI URL |
[刘润红, 白金连, 包含, 农娟丽, 赵佳佳, 姜勇, 梁士楚, 李月娟 (2020) 桂林岩溶石山青冈群落主要木本植物功能性状变异与关联. 植物生态学报, 44, 828-841.] | |
[30] |
Liu XJ, Swenson NG, Lin DM, Mi XC, Umaña MN, Schmid B, Ma KP (2016) Linking individual-level functional traits to tree growth in a subtropical forest. Ecology, 97, 2396-2405.
DOI URL |
[31] |
Ma QH, Li YP, Lian JY, Ye WH (2018) Difference in survival response of tree species to neighborhood crowding in a lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Dinghushan. Biodiversity Science, 26, 535-544. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI URL |
[马钦洪, 李艳朋, 练琚愉, 叶万辉 (2018) 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林不同树种存活对邻体组成的响应差异. 生物多样性, 26, 535-544.]
DOI |
|
[32] |
Markesteijn L, Poorter L, Bongers F (2007) Light-dependent leaf trait variation in 43 tropical dry forest tree species. American Journal of Botany, 94, 515-525.
DOI PMID |
[33] |
McGill BJ, Enquist BJ, Weiher E, Westoby M (2006) Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21, 178-185.
PMID |
[34] |
Messier J, McGill BJ, Lechowicz MJ (2010) How do traits vary across ecological scales? A case for trait-based ecology. Ecology Letters, 13, 838-848.
DOI PMID |
[35] |
Paine CET, Amissah L, Auge H, Baraloto C, Baruffol M, Bourland N, Bruelheide H, Daïnou K de Gouvenain RC, Doucet JL, Doust S, Fine PVA, Fortunel C, Haase J, Holl KD, Jactel H, Li XF, Kitajima K, Koricheva J, Martínez-Garza C, Messier C, Paquette A, Philipson C, Piotto D, Poorter L, Posada JM, Potvin C, Rainio K, Russo SE, Ruiz-Jaen M, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Webb CO, Wright SJ, Zahawi RA, Hector A (2015) Globally, functional traits are weak predictors of juvenile tree growth, and we do not know why. Journal of Ecology, 103, 978-989.
DOI URL |
[36] |
Petter G, Wagner K, Wanek W, Sánchez Delgado EJ, Zotz G, Cabral JS, Kreft H (2016) Functional leaf traits of vascular epiphytes: Vertical trends within the forest, intra- and interspecific trait variability, and taxonomic signals. Functional Ecology, 30, 188-198.
DOI URL |
[37] |
Piao TF, Comita LS, Jin GZ, Kim JH (2013) Density dependence across multiple life stages in a temperate old-growth forest of northeast China. Oecologia, 172, 207-217.
DOI URL |
[38] |
Poorter L, Bongers L, Bongers F (2006) Architecture of 54 moist-forest tree species: Traits, trade-offs, and functional groups. Ecology, 87, 1289-1301.
DOI URL |
[39] |
Poorter L, Wright SJ, Paz H, Ackerly DD, Condit R, Ibarra-Manríquez G, Harms KE, Licona JC, Martínez-Ramos M, Mazer SJ, Muller-Landau HC, Peña-Claros M, Webb CO, Wright IJ (2008) Are functional traits good predictors of demographic rates? Evidence from five neotropical forests. Ecology, 89, 1908-1920.
PMID |
[40] |
Price J, Tamme R, Gazol A de Bello F, Takkis K, Uria-Diez J, Kasari L, Pärtel M (2017) Within-community environmental variability drives trait variability in species-rich grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science, 28, 303-312.
DOI URL |
[41] | R Core Team (2017) R, A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. https://www.r-project.org/. (accessed on 2019-10-17) |
[42] |
Rees M, Condit R, Crawley M, Pacala S, Tilman D (2001) Long-term studies of vegetation dynamics. Science, 293, 650-655.
PMID |
[43] |
Rosell JA, Gleason S, Méndez-Alonzo R, Chang Y, Westoby M (2014) Bark functional ecology: Evidence for tradeoffs, functional coordination, and environment producing bark diversity. New Phytologist, 201, 486-497.
DOI URL |
[44] | Rosseel Y (2012) lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48, 1-36. |
[45] |
Schwinning S, Weiner J (1998) Mechanisms determining the degree of size asymmetry in competition among plants. Oecologia, 113, 447-455.
DOI PMID |
[46] |
Siefert A, Violle C, Chalmandrier L, Albert CH, Taudiere A, Fajardo A, Aarssen LW, Baraloto C, Carlucci MB, Cianciaruso MV, de L Dantas V, de Bello F, Duarte LDS, Fonseca CR, Freschet GT, Gaucherand S, Gross N, Hikosaka K, Jackson B, Jung V, Kamiyama C, Katabuchi M, Kembel SW, Kichenin E, Kraft NJB, Lagerström A, Bagousse-Pinguet YL, Li YZ, Mason N, Messier J, Nakashizuka T, Overton JM, Peltzer DA, Pérez-Ramos IM, Pillar VD, Prentice HC, Richardson S, Sasaki T, Schamp BS, Schöb C, Shipley B, Sundqvist M, Sykes MT, Vandewalle M, Wardle DA (2015) A global meta-analysis of the relative extent of intraspecific trait variation in plant communities. Ecology Letters, 18, 1406-1419.
DOI PMID |
[47] |
Silvertown J (2004) Plant coexistence and the niche. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19, 605-611.
DOI URL |
[48] |
Stoll P, Weiner J, Schmid B (1994) Growth variation in a naturally established population of Pinus sylvestris. Ecology, 75, 660-670.
DOI URL |
[49] |
Swenson NG (2013) The assembly of tropical tree communities-The advances and shortcomings of phylogenetic and functional trait analyses. Ecography, 36, 264-276.
DOI URL |
[50] |
Swenson NG, Enquist BJ (2009) Opposing assembly mechanisms in a neotropical dry forest: Implications for phylogenetic and functional community ecology. Ecology, 90, 2161-2170.
PMID |
[51] |
Umaña MN, Zipkin EF, Zhang CC, Cao M, Lin LX, Swenson NG (2018) Individual-level trait variation and negative density dependence affect growth in tropical tree seedlings. Journal of Ecology, 106, 2446-2455.
DOI URL |
[52] |
Uriarte M, Canham CD, Thompson J, Zimmerman JK (2004) A neighborhood analysis of tree growth and survival in a hurricane-driven tropical forest. Ecological Monographs, 74, 591-614.
DOI URL |
[53] |
Vaieretti MV, Díaz S, Vile D, Garnier E (2007) Two measurement methods of leaf dry matter content produce similar results in a broad range of species. Annals of Botany, 99, 955-958.
PMID |
[54] |
Vanclay JK (1995) Growth models for tropical forests: A synthesis of models and methods. Forest Science, 41, 7-42.
DOI URL |
[55] |
Violle C, Enquist BJ, McGill BJ, Jiang L, Albert CH, Hulshof C, Jung V, Messier J (2012) The return of the variance: Intraspecific variability in community ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 27, 244-252.
DOI URL |
[56] |
Wang HJ, Chang SL, Zhang YT, Xie J, He P, Song CC, Sun XJ (2016) Density-dependent effects in Picea schrenkiana forests in Tianshan Mountains. Biodiversity Science, 24, 252-261. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI URL |
[王慧杰, 常顺利, 张毓涛, 谢锦, 何平, 宋成程, 孙雪娇 (2016) 天山雪岭云杉森林群落的密度制约效应. 生物多样性, 24, 252-261.]
DOI |
|
[57] | Wang ZH, He DQ, Song SD (1982) Vegetation in Dinghushan Nature Reserve. Tropical and Subtropical Forest Ecosystem, 1, 77-141. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[王铸豪, 何道泉, 宋绍敦 (1982) 鼎湖山自然保护区的植被. 热带亚热带森林生态系统研究, 1, 77-141.] | |
[58] |
Weiner J (2004) Allocation, plasticity and allometry in plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 6, 207-215.
DOI URL |
[59] | West GB, Brown JH, Enquist BJ (1997) A general model for the origin of allometric scaling laws in biology. Science, 276, 122-126. |
[60] | West GB, Brown JH, Enquist BJ (1999) A general model for the structure and allometry of plant vascular systems. Nature, 400, 664-667. |
[61] | Wickham H (2016) ggplot2, Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag, New York. |
[62] |
Wright SJ, Kitajima K, Kraft NJB, Reich PB, Wright IJ, Bunker DE, Condit R, Dalling JW, Davies SJ, Díaz S, Engelbrecht BMJ, Harms KE, Hubbell SP, Marks CO, Ruiz-Jaen MC, Salvador CM, Zanne AE (2010) Functional traits and the growth-mortality trade-off in tropical trees. Ecology, 91, 3664-3674.
DOI URL |
[63] |
Wyckoff PH, Clark JS (2005) Tree growth prediction using size and exposed crown area. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35, 13-20.
DOI URL |
[64] |
Yang J, Cao M, Swenson NG (2018) Why functional traits do not predict tree demographic rates. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 33, 326-336.
DOI PMID |
[65] |
Yang J, Lu JH, Chen Y, Yan ER, Hu JH, Wang XH, Shen GC (2020) Large underestimation of intraspecific trait variation and its improvements. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 1-9.
DOI URL |
[66] | Yoda K (1974) Three-dimensional distribution of light intensity in a tropical rain forest of West Malaysia. Japanese Journal of Ecology, 24, 247-254. |
[67] |
Zhang JT, Li YP, Zhang RY, Ni YL, Zhou WY, Lian JY, Ye WH (2021) Height-diameter models based on branch wood density classification for the south subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Dinghushan. Biodiversity Science, 29, 456-466. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI URL |
[张剑坛, 李艳朋, 张入匀, 倪云龙, 周文莹, 练琚愉, 叶万辉 (2021) 基于枝条木材密度分级的鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林树高曲线模型. 生物多样性, 29, 456-466.]
DOI |
|
[68] |
Zhang RY, Li YP, Ni YL, Gui XJ, Lian JY, Ye WH (2019) Intraspecific variation of leaf functional traits along the vertical layer in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Dinghushan. Biodiversity Science, 27, 1279-1290. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI |
[张入匀, 李艳朋, 倪云龙, 桂旭君, 练琚愉, 叶万辉 (2019) 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林叶功能性状沿群落垂直层次的种内变异. 生物多样性, 27, 1279-1290.]
DOI |
|
[69] |
Zhang ZM, Yu SX (2018) Potential tradeoffs between intraspecific and interspecific trait variations along an environmental gradient in a subtropical forest. Journal of Forestry Research, 29, 1731-1740.
DOI URL |
[70] |
Zhu Y, Comita LS, Hubbell SP Ma KP (2015) Conspecific and phylogenetic density-dependent survival differs across life stages in a tropical forest. Journal of Ecology, 103, 957-966.
DOI URL |
[71] |
Zhu Y, Hogan JA, Cai HY, Xun YH, Jiang F, Jin GZ (2017) Biotic and abiotic drivers of the tree growth and mortality trade-off in an old-growth temperate forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 404, 354-360.
DOI URL |
[72] |
Zhu Y, Mi XC, Ma KP (2009) A mechanism of plant species coexistence: the negative density-dependent hypothesis. Biodiversity Science, 17, 594-604. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOI URL |
[祝燕, 米湘成, 马克平 (2009) 植物群落物种共存机制: 负密度制约假说. 生物多样性, 17, 594-604.]
DOI |
[1] | 杜宇晨, 刘蓓萌, 陈俊峰, 王浩, 谢屹. 基于结构方程模型的农户保护意愿影响因素分析: 以东北虎豹国家公园珲春片区为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(1): 23155-. |
[2] | 蔡畅, 张雪, 朱晨, 赵郁豪, 乔格侠, 丁平. 千岛湖片段化生境中蚜虫群落嵌套格局的形成: 岛屿面积和寄主植物多样性的作用[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(12): 23183-. |
[3] | 侯祥, 封托, 韩宁, 王京, 陈晓宁, 安晓雷, 许磊, 刘起勇, 常罡. 气候变化和经济发展对肾综合征出血热发生的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(10): 1229-1237. |
[4] | 张入匀, 李艳朋, 倪云龙, 桂旭君, 练琚愉, 叶万辉. 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林叶功能性状沿群落垂直层次的种内变异[J]. 生物多样性, 2019, 27(12): 1279-1290. |
[5] | 黄小波, 李帅锋, 苏建荣, 刘万德, 郎学东. 云南松天然次生林物种丰富度与生态系统多功能性的关系[J]. 生物多样性, 2017, 25(11): 1182-1191. |
[6] | 谭珊珊, 王忍忍, 龚筱羚, 蔡佳瑶, 沈国春. 群落物种及结构多样性对森林地上生物量的影响及其尺度效应: 以巴拿马BCI样地为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2017, 25(10): 1054-1064. |
[7] | 郭洪岭, 李志文, 肖治术. 应用结构方程模型解析影响黄连木果实产量 和种子命运的因素[J]. 生物多样性, 2014, 22(2): 174-181. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
备案号:京ICP备16067583号-7
Copyright © 2022 版权所有 《生物多样性》编辑部
地址: 北京香山南辛村20号, 邮编:100093
电话: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn