生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 23261. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023261
收稿日期:
2023-07-22
接受日期:
2023-11-14
出版日期:
2023-12-20
发布日期:
2023-12-08
通讯作者:
E-mail: 基金资助:
Honghu Meng1,3(), Yigang Song2,*()()
Received:
2023-07-22
Accepted:
2023-11-14
Online:
2023-12-20
Published:
2023-12-08
Contact:
E-mail: 摘要:
东南亚是全球生物多样性热点地区和保护优先区域。19世纪中期, 阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士(Alfred Russel Wallace)在马来群岛历经8年的详实野外考察, 根据动物地理分布提出了马来群岛动物区系地理格局。东南亚随之成为生物地理这门学科重要的奠基地之一。尤其是在华莱士线提出后, 逐渐促使东南亚成为生物地理学领域的发源地和前沿热点地区, 吸引并聚焦了众多生物地理学家和生态学家的目光。东南亚独特的地理地貌和丰富的生物多样性在科学界引起了越来越多的关注, 逐年递增的科研文献也在探讨东南亚生物多样性和地理分布格局等问题。探究这一地区的生物地理分布格局有助于深入理解全球生物多样性的起源、演化, 以及对气候和环境变化的响应。本文对东南亚主要的生物地理研究进行了回溯, 并对其存在的问题进行了思考, 主要内容包括: (1)界定了东南亚的生物地理范围及其生物亚区的划分, 即东南亚的生物地理范围包括中南半岛和马来群岛两大区域, 同时东南亚又包括了中南半岛、巽他、菲律宾和华莱士4个生物亚区; (2)东南亚的生物地理分布格局研究表明, 4个生物亚区的生物地理学联系主要是相邻地区的隔离、迁移和扩散; (3)华莱士线以及衍生的生物地理分界线在动物地理分布中有明显的界限, 而在植物地理分布格局中不明显, 其原因主要是动物和植物的迁移扩散能力不同所致; (4)东南亚和澳新古陆的生物地理联系主要是生物区系成分的交换, 这种交换过程在动植物中均存在, 而且这两个地区之间存在相互的区系交换, 既有从东南亚到澳新古陆的成分, 也有从澳新古陆到东南亚的成分。本文系统地总结并讨论了东南亚4个生物亚区及其毗邻地区存在的生物地理分布格局, 并对其存在的科学问题提出一些看法和建议。总之, 我们希望本文能够承前启后、抛砖引玉, 推动东南亚生物地理学研究的蓬勃发展。
孟宏虎, 宋以刚 (2023) 东南亚生物地理格局: 回溯与思考. 生物多样性, 31, 23261. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023261.
Honghu Meng, Yigang Song (2023) Biogeographic patterns in Southeast Asia: Retrospectives and perspectives. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23261. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023261.
图1 东南亚的4个主要生物亚区(中南半岛生物亚区、巽他生物亚区、菲律宾生物亚区、华莱士生物亚区)、马来群岛、巽他古陆架、澳新古陆架、主要的生物地理分界线(华莱士线、赫胥黎线、莱德克线、韦伯线)以及亚洲热带北界。其中, 4个生物亚区参考Woodruff (2010); 马来群岛范围参考Kooyman等(2019); 巽他古陆架和澳新古陆架参考Cox等(2016)、Lohman等(2011)、Husson等(2019); 主要生物地理分界线参考Ali等(2020)、Ali和Heaney (2021); 亚洲热带北界参考朱华(2018)。
Fig. 1 The four bioregions (Indochina, Sundaic, Philippines, and Wallacea), Malesia, Sunda Shelf, Sahul Shelf, and the main biogeographic boundaries or lines (Wallace Line, Huxley Line, Lydekker Line, and Weber Line) in Southeast Asia, and the north boundary of tropical Asia. The division of bioregions or geographical ranges are based on the following references. The four bioregions adopted from Woodruff, 2010. Malesia adopted from Kooyman et al (2019). Sunda Shelf and Sahul Shelf adopted from Cox et al (2016), Lohman et al (2011), and Husson et al (2019). The main biogeographic boundary lines adopted from Ali et al (2020) and Ali & Heaney (2021). The north boundary of tropical Asia adopted from Zhu (2018).
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