鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林群落垂直结构及其物种多样性特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2019107

生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 619-629. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019107

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林群落垂直结构及其物种多样性特征

桂旭君^1,^2,³,练琚愉^1,^2,^*(),张入匀^1,^2,³,李艳朋^1,^2,³,沈浩^1,²,倪云龙^1,^2,³,叶万辉^1,²

1 中国科学院华南植物园退化生态系统植被恢复与管理重点实验室, 广州 510650
2 中国科学院华南植物园广东省应用植物学重点实验室, 广州 510650
3 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-03-28 接受日期:2019-05-28 出版日期:2019-06-20 发布日期:2019-07-08
通讯作者: 练琚愉
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB31030000);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505802);中国森林生物多样性监测网络建设项目

Vertical structure and its biodiversity in a subtropical evergreen broad- leaved forest at Dinghushan in Guangdong Province, China

Gui Xujun^1,^2,³,Lian Juyu^1,^2,^*(),Zhang Ruyun^1,^2,³,Li Yanpeng^1,^2,³,Shen Hao^1,²,Ni Yunlong^1,^2,³,Ye Wanhui^1,²

1 Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2019-03-28 Accepted:2019-05-28 Online:2019-06-20 Published:2019-07-08
Contact: Lian Juyu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

群落结构在森林生态系统中具有重要作用, 其构建机制一直是森林生态学的研究核心。群落结构不仅包括水平方向上的物种分布格局, 还包括垂直方向上的物种分层结构。本文基于鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林塔吊样地, 利用林冠塔吊和测高杆精准测量样地内每个个体(胸径大于1 cm)的树高, 并划分群落的垂直层次, 研究了每层的群落多样性特征(α多样性)和林层间的群落多样性变化特征(β多样性)。结果表明: (1)样地群落垂直层次由下至上分为5层: 灌木层、亚冠层、林冠下层、林冠中层和林冠上层。(2)随林层向上, 物种丰富度、多度和Shannon-Wiener指数均下降, Pielou均匀度指数在林冠下层最大。(3)利用POD法计算并分解β多样性, 发现随林层向上, β多样性在灌木层与其他各层间呈递增趋势, 在相邻林层间呈单峰型, 不同林层间的物种组成差异主要由丰富度差异造成。但在林冠下层与林冠中层间丰富度差异较小, 物种替换组分增大, 可能与林冠下层所处特殊位置有关。(4)各林层内微环境从灌木层向上, 趋于高温、强光照和低空气相对湿度, 但林冠下层平均日光强最低。综上, 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林林冠下层可能存在强烈的环境筛选作用, 且光照可能是影响群落垂直结构形成的限制因子。

关键词: 森林结构, 垂直结构, β多样性, β多样性分解, 生物多样性, 分层, 群落构建

Abstract

Community structure plays a fundamental role in forest ecosystems as one of the basic mechanisms underlying community assembly. Community structure includes both horizontal and vertical structure. We stratified the vertical structure of a lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest at Dinghushan in Guangdong Province, China by surveying each individual with DBH ≥ 1 cm via a canopy crane, and then explored α diversity within each layer, as well as β diversity between layers. We found that: (1) The vertical structure of the forest was stratified into five layers; from bottom to top, the shrub, sub-canopy, lower canopy, middle canopy, and upper canopy correspond to the traditionally defined vertical levels of a forest community. (2) Layer α diversity decreased with height, and the Pielou evenness index was largest in the lower canopy. (3) The β diversity of layers relative to the shrub layer increased with height. Using the POD framework, the differences between layer community compositions were mainly attributed to differences in species richness. However, the lower canopy showed increased species replacement and decreased richness difference relative to the middle canopy layer when compared with other neighbouring layers. (4) Air temperature, light intensity and relative humidity increased with layer height, and the most dramatic change in light occurred in the middle canopy. These microenvironmental features may play an important role in the formation of vertical hierarchy in the forest, with light intensity as the largest factor.

Key words: forest structure, vertical structure, β diversity, β diversity partitioning, biodiversity, stratification, community assembly

桂旭君, 练琚愉, 张入匀, 李艳朋, 沈浩, 倪云龙, 叶万辉 (2019) 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林群落垂直结构及其物种多样性特征. 生物多样性, 27, 619-629. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019107.

Gui Xujun, Lian Juyu, Zhang Ruyun, Li Yanpeng, Shen Hao, Ni Yunlong, Ye Wanhui (2019) Vertical structure and its biodiversity in a subtropical evergreen broad- leaved forest at Dinghushan in Guangdong Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 27, 619-629. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019107.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019107

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2019/V27/I6/619

图/表 6

图1 最优分类组数判断指标。(a)不同分类情况下的各对象归属和各分类组数对应的ssi (simple structure index)值, 其中左边的图表示每个对象在不同分类情况下的归属, 一种颜色代表一个分类组; 右图展示了不同分类组数对应的ssi值大小。(b)不同分类组数时分成的各类的组内平方和。

Fig. 1 The judgment index partitioning optimal groups. (a) Attribution of the objects and the corresponding ssi (simple structure index) values for different number of groups. The panel on the left shows the groups that each object is categorized with different conditions and different groups were distinguished by different colors; the panel on the right shows the value of ssi for different number of groups. (b) Value of sum of squares within groups for different number of groups.

表1 鼎湖山塔吊样地垂直各层概况

Table 1 Species abundance and richness of each vertical layer in the crane plot of Dinghushan

	最低树高 Minimum height (m)	最高树高 Maximum height (m)	多度 Abundance	物种丰富度 Species richness	优势种例举(多度, 最大胸径) Dominant species (abundance, maximum DBH)
灌木层 Shrub	1.4	3.9	1,966	89	银柴 Aporosa dioica (207, 7.3)	黄果厚壳桂 Cryptocarya concinna (251, 4.5)
亚冠层 Sub-canopy	4.0	6.7	1,173	75	鸭脚木 Schefflera octophylla (161, 16.0)	银柴 Aporosa dioica (122, 10.1)
林冠下层 Lower canopy	6.8	11.2	503	56	荷木 Schima superba (54, 39.4)	鸭脚木 Schefflera octophylla (51, 18.8)
林冠中层 Middle canopy	11.3	17.2	271	27	荷木 Schima superba (101, 41.9)	锥栗 Castanopsis chinensis (31, 41.0)
林冠上层 Upper canopy	17.4	27.1	226	17	荷木 Schima superba (111, 66.0)	马尾松 Pinus massoniana (34, 47.1)
总体 Total	-	-	4,140	121	荷木 Schima superba (301,49.0)	马尾松 Pinus massoniana (66, 47.1)

表2 鼎湖山塔吊样地灌木层与其他各林层及相邻林层间物种组成比较

Table 2 Comparison of species component between shrub and other layers as well as among neighbouring layers in pair in the crane plot of Dinghushan

	共有种总数量 Generalist (%)	特有种总数量 Specialist (%)	太少未能分类 Too rare to clarify (%)	总计 Total
灌木层和亚冠层 Shrub vs sub-canopy	24 (23.08)	4 (3.98)	76 (73.08)	104
灌木层和林冠下层 Shrub vs lower canopy	17 (16.50)	7 (6.79)	79 (76.70)	103
灌木层和林冠中层 Shrub vs middle canopy	8 (8.42)	11 (11.58)	76 (80.00)	95
灌木层和林冠上层 Shrub vs upper canopy	1 (1.06)	14 (14.89)	79 (84.08)	94
亚冠层和林冠下层 Sub-canopy vs lower canopy	19 (20.43)	3 (3.23)	71 (76.34)	93
林冠下层和林冠中层 Lower canopy vs middle canopy	10 (17.24)	4 (6.89)	44 (75.86)	58
林冠中层和林冠上层 Middle canopy vs upper canopy	5 (21.80)	4 (3.13)	23 (75.00)	32

表3 鼎湖山塔吊样地各林层的α多样性

Table 3 Species α diversity of each layer in the crane plot of Dinghushan

林层 Layers	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	Peliou均匀度指数 Peliou evenness index
灌木层 Shrub	2.556 ± 0.335^a	0.910 ± 0.040^a
亚冠层 Sub-canopy	2.300 ± 0.529^b	0.917 ± 0.033^ab
林冠下层 Lower canopy	1.955 ± 0.334^c	0.940 ± 0.027^ab
林冠中层 Middle canopy	1.440 ± 0.497^d	0.925 ± 0.232^ab
林冠上层 Upper canopy	1.172 ± 0.519^e	0.896 ± 0.275^b

图2 鼎湖山塔吊样地各林层基于物种多度数据的β多样性大小(S?rensen相异性指数)与分解结果。(a)以灌木层为参照, 沿林层向上灌木层与其他各林层间β多样性大小和分解组分大小。(b)相邻两林层间的β多样性大小和分解组分大小。S: 灌木层; SC: 亚冠层; LC: 林冠下层; MC: 林冠中层; UC: 林冠上层。

Fig. 2 Results of β diversity (S?rensen dissimilarity) and their partitions based on species abundance data of each layers in the crane plot of Dinghushan. (a) Layers relative to the shrub layer. (b) Neighbouring layers. S, Shrub; SC, Sub-canopy; LC, Lower canopy; MC, Middle canopy; UC, Upper canopy.

图3 鼎湖山塔吊样地所有个体树高分布散点图

Fig. 3 Tree height scatter points of each individual in the crane plot of Dinghushan

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鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林群落垂直结构及其物种多样性特征

Vertical structure and its biodiversity in a subtropical evergreen broad- leaved forest at Dinghushan in Guangdong Province, China

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