古田山10种主要森林群落类型的α和β多样性格局及影响因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2018171

生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 33-41. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018171

所属专题：钱江源国家公园生物多样性保护与管理

古田山10种主要森林群落类型的α和β多样性格局及影响因素

翁昌露^1,²,张田田²,巫东豪²,陈声文³,金毅²,任海保⁴,于明坚²,罗媛媛^1,^*()

1 中国计量大学生命科学学院, 杭州 310018
2 浙江大学生命科学学院, 杭州 310058
3 钱江源国家公园生态资源保护中心, 浙江开化 324300
4 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2018-06-20 接受日期:2019-01-31 出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-03-15
通讯作者: 罗媛媛
基金资助:
浙江省科技计划(2015C02016);科技部基础性工作专项专题(2015FY210200-17);国家自然科学基金(31361123001)

Drivers and patterns of α- and β-diversity in ten main forest community types in Gutianshan, eastern China

Weng Changlu^1,²,Zhang Tiantian²,Wu Donghao²,Chen Shengwen³,Jin Yi²,Ren Haibao⁴,Yu Mingjian²,Luo Yuanyuan^1,^*()

1 College of Life Sciences,China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018
2 College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
3 Center of Ecology and Resources, Qianjiangyuan National Park, Kaihua, Zhejiang 324300
4 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093

Received:2018-06-20 Accepted:2019-01-31 Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-03-15
Contact: Luo Yuanyuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

古田山国家级自然保护区地处中亚热带, 地形复杂, 森林群落类型丰富。我们在保护区内10种主要森林群落类型中网格化布置并调查了79个20 m × 20 m样地, 分析了不同群落类型内及相互间的α (Shannon-Wiener指数)、β (Horn-Morisita相异性指数)多样性分布格局及其影响因素。结果表明: (1) α多样性主要受到群落类型、海拔和坡向的影响。α多样性在不同群落类型间差异显著, 并且随海拔升高、坡向从南到北, α多样性增大。(2) β多样性主要受到群落类型和海拔的影响, 受空间距离的影响不显著。不同群落类型间的β多样性显著大于同一群落类型内部, 并且随海拔升高β多样性增大。总体而言, 群落类型和海拔是古田山森林群落α和β多样性的主要影响因子, 表明生境过滤等机制对该区域的森林物种多样性格局起着主要作用。

关键词: 群落构建, 亚热带森林, α多样性;, β多样性;, 海拔, 坡向, 森林群落类型

Abstract

Located in the subtropical zone of China, Gutianshan National Nature Reserve (GNNR) contains a variety of forest community types and is rugged in terrain. Here, we established 79 forest plots, each 20 m × 20 m in area, within the ten main community types of GNNR. Based on this, we analyzed the α- (Shannon- Wiener index) and β- (Horn-Morisita dissimilarity index) diversity patterns of and between these community types and their underlying driving factors. We found that: (1) Community type, elevation and aspect were the most important determinants of α-diversity. α-diversity showed significant differences between community types, and increased with elevation and northness. (2) Community type and elevation, but not spatial distance significantly affected β-diversity. β-diversity between community types was higher than within community type, and β-diversity also increased with increasing elevation. These results show that community type and elevation are the main influencing factors of the α- and β-diversity patterns in GNNR forests, and further suggest the importance of drivers, such as habitat filtering, on the assembly of GNNR forests.

Key words: community assembly, subtropical forests, α diversity;, β diversity;, elevation, aspect, community type

翁昌露,张田田,巫东豪,陈声文,金毅,任海保,于明坚,罗媛媛 (2019) 古田山10种主要森林群落类型的α和β多样性格局及影响因素. 生物多样性, 27, 33-41. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018171.

Weng Changlu,Zhang Tiantian,Wu Donghao,Chen Shengwen,Jin Yi,Ren Haibao,Yu Mingjian,Luo Yuanyuan (2019) Drivers and patterns of α- and β-diversity in ten main forest community types in Gutianshan, eastern China. Biodiversity Science, 27, 33-41. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018171.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018171

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2019/V27/I1/33

图/表 10

图1 79个森林群落样地分布图。EBLF、EDBLF、PTF、PTBLF、DBLF、PMF、PMBLF、CLP、CLBLF和COP的含义见表1。

Fig. 1 The locations of 79 forest community plots. EBLF, EDBLF, PTF, PTBLF, DBLF, PMF, PMBLF, CLP, CLBLF and COP are the same as in Table 1.

表1 各森林群落类型面积及样地个数、取样面积

Table 1 The area of each forest community type, the number of each plot and sample area

群落类型 Community type	群落面积 Community area (ha)	样地个数 Number of plots	取样面积 Sample area (ha)
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF)	4,778.9	24	0.96
常绿落叶阔叶混交林 Evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (EDBLF)	444.1	11	0.44
黄山松林 Pinus taiwanensis forest (PTF)	14.3	2	0.08
黄山松针阔叶混交林 Pinus taiwanensis and broad-leaved trees mixed forest (PTBLF)	152.7	4	0.16
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBLF)	18.5	2	0.08
马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest (PMF)	217.8	4	0.16
马尾松针阔叶混交林 Pinus massoniana and broad-leaved trees mixed forest (PMBLF)	329.6	12	0.48
杉木林 Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation (CLP)	549.8	9	0.36
杉木针阔叶混交林 Cunninghamia lanceolata and broad-leaved trees mixed forest (CLBLF)	30	2	0.08
油茶林 Camellia oleifera plantation (COP)	1,516.1	9	0.36

图2 古田山国家级自然保护区不同类型群落α多样性的差异。柱形上方的英文字母不同表示柱形间有显著差异(P < 0.05, Holm法修正), 否则无显著差异。EBLF、EDBLF、PTF、PTBLF、DBLF、PMF、PMBLF、CLP、CLBLF和COP的含义见表1。

Fig. 2 The difference of α diversity in different community types in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. The different letter on the top of the column shows that there is significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05, Holm method correction), otherwise there is no significant difference. EBLF, EDBLF, PTF, PTBLF, DBLF, PMF, PMBLF, CLP, CLBLF and COP are the same as in Table 1.

图3 古田山国家级自然保护区森林群落α多样性(Shannon- Wiener指数)随海拔梯度的变化。圆圈为实际观测值; 实线为拟合值; 阴影为95%置信区间。

Fig. 3 The forest community α diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) along an altitudinal gradient in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. The circles are actual observations; the solid line is the fitted value; the shadow is 95% confidence intervals.

图4 古田山国家级自然保护区森林群落α多样性(Shannon- Wiener指数)随南北向的变化。圆圈为实际观测值; 实线为拟合值; 阴影为95%置信区间。

Fig. 4 The forest community α diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) along the north direction in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. The circles are actual observations; the solid line is the fitted value; the shadow is 95% confidence intervals.

表2 地形和群落类型对古田山国家级自然保护区森林群落α多样性(Shannon-Wiener指数)影响的方差分析结果

Table 2 Variance analysis results of the effects of topography and forest community type on forest community α diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve

	自由度 Degree of freedom	总方差 Total variance	均方差 Mean variance	F	P
海拔 Elevation	1	15.716	15.716	91.393	< 0.001
坡度 Slope	1	0.550	0.550	3.200	0.078
东西向 East-west	1	0.414	0.414	2.407	0.126
南北向 South-north	1	0.828	0.828	4.817	0.032
群落类型 Community type	9	42.872	4.764	27.702	< 0.001
残差 Residuals	65	11.177	0.172

图5 古田山国家级自然保护区不同类型群落物种组成的非度量多维尺度分析排序结果。EBLF、EDBLF、PTF、PTBLF、DBLF、PMF、PMBLF、CLP、CLBLF和COP的含义见表1。

Fig. 5 Non-metric Multidimensional scaling (NMDS) result of species composition of the different community types in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. EBLF, EDBLF, PTF, PTBLF, DBLF, PMF, PMBLF, CLP, CLBLF and COP are the same as in Table 1.

图6 同种群落类型内部和不同群落类型间β多样性(Horn-Morisita相异性指数)的比较。柱形图上方的英文字母不同表示柱形间有显著差异(P < 0.05, t-检验), 否则无显著差异。

Fig. 6 Comparison of β diversity (Horn-Morisita dissimilarity idex) within the same community type and between different community types. The different letter on the top of the column shows that there is significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05, t-test), otherwise there is no significant difference.

图7 古田山国家级自然保护区森林群落β多样性(Horn-Morisita相异性指数)随海拔梯度的变化。圆点为实际观测值; 实线为拟合值; 阴影为95%置信区间。

Fig. 7 The forest community β diversity (Horn-Morisita dissimilarity index) along an altitudinal gradient in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. The circles are actual observations; the solid line is the fitted value; the shadow is 95% confidence intervals.

表3 空间距离、地形和群落类型对古田山国家级自然保护区森林群落β多样性(Horn-Morisita指数)的影响(R2 = 0.262)

Table 3 Effects of geographical distance, topography and community type on forest community β diversity (Horn-Morisita index) in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve (R2 = 0.262)

	效应 Effect	t	P
空间距离 Spatial distance	0.002	1.497	0.415
海拔 Elevation	0.066	15.148	0.001
坡度 Slope	-0.006	-1.635	0.391
南北向 North-South	0.0052	1.370	0.347
东西向 East-West	0.0035	0.836	0.635
群落类型 Community type	0.2393	25.415	0.001

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古田山10种主要森林群落类型的α和β多样性格局及影响因素

Drivers and patterns of α- and β-diversity in ten main forest community types in Gutianshan, eastern China

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