钱江源国家公园体制试点区水稻田土壤微生物群落的格局及其驱动机制

doi:10.17520/biods.2022392

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 22392. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022392

• 研究报告: 微生物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

钱江源国家公园体制试点区水稻田土壤微生物群落的格局及其驱动机制

杨预展¹, 余建平², 钱海源², 陈小南², 陈声文², 袁志林¹^,^*()

1.中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所, 杭州 311400
2.钱江源国家公园管理局, 浙江衢州 324307

收稿日期:2022-07-11 接受日期:2022-09-27 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2022-11-11
通讯作者: *袁志林, E-mail: yuanzl@caf.ac.cn
基金资助:
浙江省基础公益计划项目(LGN22C160014);钱江源国家公园科技项目(QZLHKH2020-20)

Spatial patterns of rice paddy microbial communities and the associated drivers in Qianjiangyuan National Park system pilot

Yuzhan Yang¹, Jianping Yu², Haiyuan Qian², Xiaonan Chen², Shengwen Chen², Zhilin Yuan¹^,^*()

1. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400
2. Qianjiangyuan National Park Administration Bureau, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324307

Received:2022-07-11 Accepted:2022-09-27 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2022-11-11
Contact: *Zhilin Yuan, E-mail: yuanzl@caf.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

建立健全国家公园体制对于保护自然生态系统的完整性与生物多样性具有重要意义。作为首批试点单位之一, 钱江源国家公园体制试点区(以下简称“钱江源”)率先开展了集体林地地役权改革, 并取得了良好效果。然而地役权改革是否以及如何影响钱江源土壤及其微生物, 目前还缺乏系统评估。本研究对钱江源4个片区中不同改革模式下的水稻田表层土壤进行取样, 每个片区内均采集4种模式的水稻田: 公园内改革、公园内弃耕地、公园内未改革以及公园外未改革。利用高通量测序研究土壤微生物群落的组成与结构, 并利用多元统计分析等剖析塑造微生物群落空间格局的驱动因素。结果发现, 与其他3类土壤相比, 弃耕地具有更低的氮磷等营养元素含量和重金属元素含量; 其他3类土壤的理化性质则较为相似。在微生物方面, 细菌群落以变形菌门(48.57%)和酸杆菌门(31.62%)为主; 真菌群落以子囊菌门(78.31%)和担子菌门(16.38%)为主。不同模式下的细菌群落差异较大, 尤其是弃耕地与其他3类均具有显著性差异, 其他3类则较为相似。真菌群落的变异相对较小, 仅公园外未改革和弃耕地间具有显著差异。细菌群落组成的空间变异与土壤环境因子显著相关, 其中具有主要影响的前5个环境因子分别是pH、铬、全氮、有效磷和有机质。真菌群落组成的空间变异与土壤环境因子间未发现显著相关性。中性群落模型分析发现, 中性过程对细菌和真菌群落组成差异的形成均有重要影响。综上, 初步认为, 存在水稻种植的情况下, 地役权改革尚未对水稻田土壤及其微生物起到显著影响; 放弃种植的弃耕地则可能已经处在再野化的初期阶段。因此, 地役权改革是否以及如何影响长期耕作土壤的恢复, 还需要结合长期的综合监测, 才能作出更为科学合理的判断。

关键词: 国家公园, 地役权, 土壤微生物, 细菌, 真菌

Abstract

Aims: The establishment of national parks is crucial in protecting the integrity of natural ecosystems and biodiversity. As one of the first ten pilots, the Qianjiangyuan National Park system pilot (hereafter referred to as Qianjiangyuan) has developed the easement-inspired adaptive management and achieved remarkable outcomes. However, it remains unclear how this creative management might influence the soil microorganisms and systematic evaluation is in need.

Methods: We took Qianjiangyuan as the study area and collected surface soils from rice paddies in the different districts and under different management types. Four management types were included, namely, reformed land within the park, abandoned land within the park, unreformed land within the park, and unreformed land outside the park. We employed high-throughput sequencing techniques to characterize the community composition and structure of both bacteria and fungi. We then analyzed the driving forces behind the spatial patterns of bacterial and fungal communities.

Results: Compared to the other three types of lands, contents of soil nitrogen and phosphorus and heavy metals were relatively low in the abandoned land, but they were similar in the other three types. The bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria (48.57%) and Acidobacteria (31.62%), while the fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota (78.31%) and Basidiomycota (16.28%). Bacterial communities varied largely in lands under different management types, with significant difference between abandoned land and other three types, while the other three types were similar. Fungal communities showed slight variation, with significant difference being identified only between abandoned land and outside unreformed land. We found significant correlation between soil environmental factors and spatial variation of bacterial communities. The most important five factors driving bacterial spatial patterns were pH, chromium, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and organic matter. However, no significant correlation was detected between fungal communities and soil environmental factors. Analysis of neutral community models found that neutral processes played an important role in the spatial distribution of both bacterial and fungal communities.

Conclusion: Based on these findings, we conservatively conclude that no significant impacts have been produced by land reforming policy so far. In contrast, the abandoned land may have begun rewilding. Therefore, long-term monitoring is needed to comprehensively assess whether and how ecological protection easement will impact the recovery of rice soils.

Key words: national park, ecological protection easement, soil microbial communities, bacteria, fungi

杨预展, 余建平, 钱海源, 陈小南, 陈声文, 袁志林 (2023) 钱江源国家公园体制试点区水稻田土壤微生物群落的格局及其驱动机制. 生物多样性, 31, 22392. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022392.

Yuzhan Yang, Jianping Yu, Haiyuan Qian, Xiaonan Chen, Shengwen Chen, Zhilin Yuan (2023) Spatial patterns of rice paddy microbial communities and the associated drivers in Qianjiangyuan National Park system pilot. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22392. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022392.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022392

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I2/22392

图/表 8

图1 钱江源地图及采样点设置

Fig. 1 Map of Qianjiangyuan and location of sampling sites

图2 环境因子变化情况的热度图。上排条带自左向右分别表示4个片区: 红色为苏庄, 棕色为长虹, 绿色为何田, 蓝色为齐溪。下排每个片区内的4个条带自左向右分别表示四种改革模式: 红色为“改革”, 棕色为“未改革内”, 绿色为“未改革外”, 蓝色为“弃耕地”。Cr: 铬; TN: 总氮; AvP: 有效磷; OM: 有机质; Zn: 锌; Cd: 镉; TP: 总磷; Ni: 镍; Cu: 铜; As: 砷; Pb: 铅; BaP: 苯并芘; HN: 水解性氮; AvK: 有效钾; Hg: 汞; EC: 电导率。

Fig. 2 Heatmap of soil environmental factors. The upper ribbon represents four districts with red for Suzhuang, brown for Changhong, green for Hetian, and Blue for Qixi. The lower ribbon represents lands of four reform types with red for reformed land within the park, brown for unreformed land within the park, green for outside unreformed land, and blue for abandoned land within the park. TN, Total nitrogen; AvP, Available phosphorous; OM, Organic matter; TP, Total phosphorus; HN, Hydrolyzable nitrogen; AvK, Available potassium; EC, Electrical conductivity.

图3 土壤环境因子PCA聚类结果。改革: 公园内且已改革的水稻田; 未改革内: 公园内且未改革的水稻田; 弃耕地: 公园内已弃耕的水稻田; 未改革外: 公园外且未改革的水稻田。

Fig. 3 PCA plot of environmental factors. RefIn: Reformed land inside; UnrefIn: Unreformed land inside; AbdIn: Abandonded land inside; UnrefOut: Unreformed land outside.

图4 钱江源水稻田土壤细菌和真菌群落的分类学组成。(A)门/纲水平的细菌群落; (B)属水平的细菌群落; (C)门/纲水平的真菌群落; (D)属水平的真菌群落。4种改革模式的缩写含义见图3。

Fig. 4 Taxonomic composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities in Qianjiangyuan. (A) Bacterial communities at the phylum or class level. (B) Bacterial communities at the genus level. (C) Fungal communities at the phylum or class level. (D) Fungal communities at the genus level. Abbreviations of 4 management types see Fig. 3.

图5 钱江源土壤细菌和真菌群落的α多样性。(A-C)细菌多样性; (D-F)真菌多样性。图中仅标注了具有显著性差异的组别(** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05)。4种改革模式的缩写含义见图3。

Fig. 5 Alpha diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities in Qianjiangyuan. (A-C) Soil bacterial communities. (D-F) Soil fungal communities. Group pairs that had significant difference were marked (** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05). Abbreviations of 4 management types see Fig. 3.

图6 土壤细菌和真菌群落NMDS聚类结果。(A)细菌群落; (B)真菌群落。4种改革模式的缩写含义见图3。

Fig. 6 NMDS plot of soil bacterial and fungal communities. (A) Bacterial communities. (B) Fungal communities. Abbreviations of 4 management types see Fig. 3.

表1 环境因子对细菌群落组成空间变异的解释度

Table 1 Explanatory power of environmental factors to spatial variation of bacterial community composition

因子 Factor	独立解释度 Independent variance	共同解释度 Shared variance	因子总解释度 Total variance	因子相对重要性 Dominance (%)
pH	0.020	0.009	0.029	14.74
铬 Cr	0.004	0.022	0.026	13.32
总氮 TN	0.002	0.016	0.018	9.34
有效磷 AvP	0.011	0.006	0.017	8.67
有机质 OM	-0.004	0.020	0.016	8.06
锌 Zn	-0.002	0.014	0.012	6.33
镉 Cd	-0.002	0.013	0.011	5.56
总磷 TP	0.000	0.010	0.011	5.41
镍 Ni	0.000	0.009	0.009	4.69
铜 Cu	0.001	0.008	0.009	4.59
砷 As	0.005	0.004	0.009	4.44
铅 Pb	0.003	0.004	0.007	3.62
苯并芘 BaP	0.005	0.002	0.007	3.47
水解性氮 HN	-0.002	0.006	0.004	2.24
有效钾 AvK	0.001	0.004	0.004	2.19
汞 Hg	0.001	0.003	0.004	1.89
电导率 EC	-0.003	0.005	0.003	1.33

图7 土壤细菌和真菌群落构建的Sloan中性群落模型分析结果。(A)细菌群落; (B)真菌群落。图中OTUs出现频率高于模型预测的为蓝色, 低于预测的为红色, 在预测范围内的为黑色。虚线表示模型预测的95%置信区间。R2代表了中性群落模型的整体拟合优度, m量化群落层面的迁移率。

Fig. 7 Fit of the Sloan’s neutral community model of (A) bacterial and (B) fungal communities. OTUs that occur more or less frequently than predicted by the model are shown in blue or red, while OTUs that occur as predicted are shown in black. The dashed blue lines represent 95% confidence intervals around the model prediction. R2 represents the goodness of fit of neutral community model and m represents the community-level migration.

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钱江源国家公园体制试点区水稻田土壤微生物群落的格局及其驱动机制

Spatial patterns of rice paddy microbial communities and the associated drivers in Qianjiangyuan National Park system pilot

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