阿尔山地区兴安落叶松林土壤微生物群落结构

doi:10.17520/biods.2022258

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤微生物在森林生态系统能量流动和物质循环过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)是我国大兴安岭地区的优势树种, 而阿尔山地区是其在我国分布的最南端, 受气候变暖影响较为显著, 因此探索兴安落叶松林下土壤微生物群落结构对了解和维护我国东北地区森林生态系统的稳定有重要意义。在本研究中, 我们从阿尔山白狼镇、天池镇采集兴安落叶松林下土样, 通过高通量测序技术, 依据97%相似性原则, 将细菌序列划分为5,163个可操作分类单位(operational taxonomic units, OTUs), 真菌序列划分为2,439个OTUs, 其中门水平优势细菌为放线菌门、变形菌门、疣微菌门、绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门, 优势真菌为担子菌门和子囊菌门; 属水平上, 优势细菌为Candidatus_Udaeobacter, 优势真菌属为丝盖伞属(Inocybe)、蜡壳耳属(Sebacina)、Piloderma和棉革菌属(Tomentella)。天池镇的细菌多样性显著高于白狼镇, 而真菌多样性在两地间无显著差异。土壤pH和阳离子交换量是驱动土壤细菌多样性的主要因子, 而土壤全氮和有机碳是驱动真菌多样性的主要因子。土壤全氮、有机碳、速效磷和阳离子交换量是影响土壤细菌群落组成的重要理化因子, 而土壤理化性质对真菌群落组成的影响不显著。绿弯菌门的相对多度与pH显著正相关; 担子菌门与土壤全氮和有机碳显著负相关, 而子囊菌门与土壤全氮、有机碳和阳离子交换量显著正相关。

关键词: 兴安落叶松, 土壤微生物, 高通量测序, 群落结构, 多样性

Abstract

Aims: Soil microorganisms play an irreplaceable role in the energy flow and material cycle of forest ecosystems. Larix gmelinii is the dominant tree species in the Greater Khingan Mountains of China, and the Aershan area is the southernmost point of its distribution in China, which is significantly affected by climate warming. Exploring the soil microbial community structure under L. gmelinii forest is of great significance to understand and maintain the stability of forest ecosystem in Northeast China.

Method: In this study, we collected soil samples from Bailang Town and Tianchi Town in the Aershan area and used high-throughput sequencing technique to analyze the soil bacterial and fungal communities in two forest stands.

Results: The results showed that (1) 5,163 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 2,439 fungal OTUs were obtained according to a 97% sequence similarity level. The diversity of bacteria was higher in the Tianchi area than in the Bailang area, but no significant difference in fungal diversity between the two sites. (2) The dominant phyla of bacteria were Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteriota, and the dominant phyla of fungi were Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The dominant bacterial genus was Candidatus_Udaeobacter, and the dominant genera of fungi were Inocybe, Sebacina, Piloderma and Tomentella. (3) The correlation analysis indicated that soil pH and cation exchange capacity were the main factors driving soil bacterial species diversity, and soil total nitrogen and organic carbon were the main factors driving fungal species diversity. (4) Soil total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus and cation exchange capacity were important factors affecting soil bacterial community composition, while fungal community composition was not significantly affected by the physical and chemical properties of the soil. (5) The relative abundance of Chloroflexi was significantly correlated with pH; the relative abundance of Basidiomycota was significantly correlated with soil total nitrogen and organic carbon, while that of Ascomycota was significantly correlated with soil total nitrogen, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that soil physicochemical properties have a significant impact on the soil microbial community structure in L. gmelinii forest within the Aershan area, and the diversity of bacterial and fungal communities also plays an integral role in maintaining the soil ecology and functional environment in this area.

Key words: Larix gmelinii, soil microorganism, high-throughput sequencing, community structure, diversity

赵雯, 王丹丹, 热依拉·木民, 黄开钏, 刘顺, 崔宝凯 (2023) 阿尔山地区兴安落叶松林土壤微生物群落结构. 生物多样性, 31, 22258. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022258.

Wen Zhao, Dandan Wang, Mumin Reyila, Kaichuan Huang, Shun Liu, Baokai Cui (2023) Soil microbial community structure of Larix gmelinii forest in the Aershan area. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22258. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022258.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022258

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I2/22258

图/表 8

表1 土壤理化性质(平均值 ± 标准误差)

Table 1 Soil physicochemical properties (mean ± SE)

土壤性质 Soil property	白狼镇 Bailang Town	天池镇 Tianchi Town	P值 P value
全氮 Total nitrogen (%)	0.54 ± 0.03	0.56 ± 0.01	0.188
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon (%)	6.29 ± 0.32	6.77 ± 0.16	0.242
速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	10.22 ± 0.79	9.21 ± 0.50	0.176
pH	5.50 ± 0.01	5.61 ± 0.03	0.002
阳离子交换量 Cation exchange capacity (cmol(+)/kg)	43.57 ± 0.96	47.47 ± 0.44	0.039

图1 两地的细菌(a)和真菌(b) alpha多样性。BL: 白狼镇; TC: 天池镇; NS: 不显著。* P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 1 Alpha diversity of bacteria (a) and fungi (b) in two sites. BL, Bailang Town; TC, Tianchi Town; NS, Not significant. * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001.

图2 两个兴安落叶松林分细菌和真菌的门水平(a、b)和属水平(c、d)相对多度。BL: 白狼镇; TC: 天池镇。* P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 2 Relative abundance of bacteria and fungi at the phylum level (a, b) and genus level (c, d) in two Larix gmelinii stand. BL, Bailang Town; TC, Tianchi Town. * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001.

图3 基于OTU水平的Bray-Curtis距离的主坐标分析比较两个样地间的细菌(a)和真菌(b)群落相似性。BL: 白狼镇; TC: 天池镇。

Fig. 3 Principal coordinate analysis based on Bray-Curtis distance at OTU level to compare the similarity of bacterial (a) and fungal (b) communities between two sites. BL, Bailang Town; TC, Tianchi Town.

表2 细菌和真菌多样性与土壤理化性质相关性分析

Table 2 Spearman correlation analyses between the bacterial and fungal diversities and soil physicochemical properties

	土壤性质 Soil properties	Shannon多样性指数 Shannon diversity index	Chao1丰富度指数 Chao1 richness index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou’s evenness index
细菌 Bacteria	全氮 Total nitrogen	0.208	0.210	-0.110
	有机碳 Soil organic carbon	0.223	0.132	0.273
	速效磷 Available phosphorus	-0.256	-0.231	0.156
	pH	0.436*	0.361*	0.203
	阳离子交换量 Cation exchange capacity	0.430*	0.247	0.453*
真菌 Fungi	全氮 Total nitrogen	0.561***	0.523**	0.582***
	有机碳 Soil organic carbon	0.369*	0.451*	0.372*
	速效磷 Available phosphorus	-0.336	-0.238	-0.385*
	pH	0.026	-0.039	0.052
	阳离子交换量 Cation exchange capacity	0.306	0.346	0.323

图4 细菌(a)和真菌(b)群落结构与土壤理化性质的冗余分析。BL: 白狼镇; TC: 天池镇。R 2: envfit函数得出的相关系数。* P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001。TN: 全氮; SOC: 有机碳; AP: 速效磷; CEC: 阳离子交换量。

Fig. 4 Redundancy analysis of bacterial (a) and fungal (b) community structures and soil physicochemical properties. BL, Bailang Town; TC, Tianchi Town. R2, The correlation coefficient based on the envfit function. * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001. TN, Total nitrogen; SOC, Soil organic carbon; AP, Available phosphorus; CEC, Cation exchange capacity.

表3 细菌和真菌群落组成与土壤理化性质的Mantel检验

Table 3 Mantel test between the dominant bacterial and fungal community compositions and soil physicochemical properties

		全氮 Total nitrogen	有机碳 Soil organic carbon	速效磷 Available phosphorus	pH	阳离子交换量 Cation exchange capacity	土壤性质 Soil property
细菌 Bacteria	R	0.289	0.231	0.194	0.130	0.263	0.478
细菌 Bacteria	P	0.012*	0.025*	0.037*	0.079	0.008**	0.001***
真菌 Fungi	R	-0.056	-0.004	0.169	0.083	0.130	0.168
真菌 Fungi	P	0.655	0.475	0.073	0.173	0.120	0.104

表4 细菌和真菌优势菌门的相对多度与土壤理化性质相关性

Table 4 Spearman correlation analyses between the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial and fungal phyla and soil physicochemical properties

		全氮 Total nitrogen	有机碳 Soil organic carbon	速效磷 Available phosphorus	pH	阳离子交换量 Cation exchange capacity
细菌 Bacteria	放线菌门 Actinobacteriota	0.016	0.011	0.069	0.302	0.161
	变形菌门 Proteobacteria	-0.172	-0.152	0.307	-0.143	-0.316
	疣微菌门 Verrucomicrobiota	0.180	0.087	-0.098	-0.316	-0.091
	绿弯菌门 Chloroflexi	-0.260	-0.233	-0.211	0.498**	0.051
	酸杆菌门 Acidobacteriota	-0.225	-0.046	-0.019	0.127	0.012
真菌 Fungi	担子菌门 Basidiomycota	-0.475**	-0.370*	0.226	-0.272	-0.250
真菌 Fungi	子囊菌门 Ascomycota	0.582***	0.517**	-0.267	0.265	0.366*

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