生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 24593.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024593  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024593

• 昆蒙框架如何在中国体制下成为主流工作目标专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

环境相关国际公约的中国履约模式和在《生物多样性公约》中的应用: 从完成《昆蒙框架》目标和发挥国家公园作用的角度

田志奇1, 苏杨2*   

  1. 1. 四川大学旅游学院, 成都 610065; 2. 国务院发展研究中心管理世界杂志社, 北京 100026
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-31 修回日期:2025-03-20 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-31
  • 通讯作者: 苏杨

China’s implementation model of international environmental conventions and its application to the Convention on Biological Diversity—Achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets and the role of national parks

Qizhi Tian1,Yang Su2*   

  1. 1 School of Tourism, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China 

    2 Management World Journal Press, Development Research Center of the State Council, Beijing 100026, China

  • Received:2024-12-31 Revised:2025-03-20 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-31
  • Contact: Yang Su

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摘要： 从全球来看, 完成《生物多样性公约》等国际公约的履约目标存在共性难点, 但中国履约模式易于克服难点: 中央在决策层面判断“大事”、集中力量, 并通过规划、考核、资金三方面主导手段将力量层层传导到执行层面, 使国际公约目标转化为有执行保障机制的国家任务, 这在将《联合国气候变化框架公约》国际目标转化为中国的“双碳”目标和中国国家公园建设中已初显成效。但《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(简称《昆蒙框架》)迄今还未实现类似的转化, 国家生物多样性战略和行动计划(National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans, NBSAP)的工作仍然类似部门工作而非“双碳”目标那样成为多数部门和各层级政府的刚性任务。依托党的二十届三中全会的任务和相关工作机制, 可以将《昆蒙框架》和国家生物多样性战略和行动计划中的多数行动目标转化为地方各级党委政府的刚性任务并带动社会各界参与, 其中细化和优化“全面推进以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设”工作最便于完成与就地保护、公平惠益分享和主流化相关的目标, 这样才能在完成《昆蒙框架》目标中体现中国履约模式的优势。

关键词: 昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架, 中国体制, NBSAP, 党的二十届三中全会, 国家公园

Abstract

Backgrounds and Aims: From the global perspective, there are common difficulties in achieving the implementation goals of the Convention on Biological Diversity and other international conventions, but China’s implementation model is easy to overcome these difficulties: the central authorities judged “major missions” at the decision-making level, concentrated its strength, and transmits its strength to the execution level through the leading means of planning, assessment, and funds, transforming the objectives of international conventions into national tasks with mechanisms to guarantee their implementation, which has achieved initial results in transforming the international goals of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) into China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and the construction of China’s national parks. 

Challenges: However, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) has yet to achieve a similar transformation. The work of National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAP) is still similar to the work of departments, rather than the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals that has become a rigid task for most departments and all levels of government. 

Recommendations: Relying on the tasks of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and related working mechanisms, it is possible to transform most of the action targets in the KMGBF and NBSAP into rigid tasks of local party committees and governments at all levels and drive the participation of all sectors of society. In the above, refining and optimizing the work of “Comprehensive efforts will be made to develop the national park-based system of protected areas” is the most convenient to complete the related goals of in situ protection, fair benefit sharing and mainstreaming, so as to reflect the advantages of China’s implementation model in the completion of the KMGBF targets.

Key words: Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the China’s system, National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans(NBSAP), the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, national Park

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