生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 22381.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022381

所属专题: 物种形成与系统进化

• 纪念第19届国际植物学大会召开5周年专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国石松类和蕨类植物多样性研究进展

王婷1, 舒江平1, 顾钰峰1, 李艳清1, 杨拓1, 徐洲锋3, 向建英2, 张宪春4,*(), 严岳鸿1,*()   

  1. 1.深圳市兰科植物保护研究中心兰科植物保护与利用国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 广东深圳 518114
    2.西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院, 昆明 650224
    3.中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650
    4.中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-07 接受日期:2022-07-20 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 张宪春,严岳鸿
  • 作者简介:zhangxc@ibcas.ac.cn
    E-mail: yhyan@sibs.ac.cn;
    第一联系人:

    # 共同第一作者

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32170216);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515010920)

Insight into the studies on diversity of lycophytes and ferns in China

Ting Wang1, Jiangping Shu1, Yufeng Gu1, Yanqing Li1, Tuo Yang1, Zhoufeng Xu3, Jianying Xiang2, Xianchun Zhang4,*(), Yuehong Yan1,*()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The Orchid Conservation and Research Centre of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518114
    2. College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
    3. South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
    4. State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
  • Received:2022-07-07 Accepted:2022-07-20 Online:2022-07-20 Published:2022-07-20
  • Contact: Xianchun Zhang,Yuehong Yan
  • About author:First author contact:

    # These authors contributed equally to this work

摘要:

石松类和蕨类植物是维管植物的第二大类群, 其起源可追溯到4亿年前。在被子植物出现之前, 石松类和蕨类植物在古地球生态系统中占主导地位, 其重要性一直延续到现在。自20世纪40年代开始, 中国石松类和蕨类植物研究就令世界瞩目, 尤其是2017年第19届国际植物学大会在中国深圳召开后的5年时间里, 中国石松类和蕨类植物研究更是面向世界、走向国际, 研究更为广泛的科学问题, 在物种多样性、保护、系统演化和生态适应性等方面取得了一系列重要研究进展。2017-2022年, 多个中国研究团队利用多组学数据构建了世界石松类和蕨类植物科级水平的生命之树并提出了关键性状孢子囊环带演化的新模式; 解决了石松类和蕨类植物中目级、科级、属级和种级众多关键的系统分类学等问题, 发表了106个新分类群; 开展了大量的植物区系调查和研究, 出版了6部中国石松类和蕨类植物多样性专著和1部世界性专著; 对65种国家重点保护的石松类和蕨类植物进行了迁地保护, 同时实现了桫椤科、水蕨属(Ceratopteris)、观音座莲属(Angiopteris)和鹿角蕨(Platycerium wallichii)等重点保护类群的孢子繁殖; 在系统发育框架下, 研究了石松类和蕨类植物的生态修复功能和生态适应性演化。通过对2017-2022年研究成果的总结和思考, 本文对未来石松类和蕨类植物的发展提出以下建议: (1)提高中国寡型科属以及世界性大科大属的关注力度; (2)加强西藏、四川等薄弱地区石松类和蕨类植物的调查研究, 并结合新技术, 如DNA条形码等以提高区系调查中物种鉴别的效率和准确性; (3)运用多学科交叉的研究方法厘清各科、属、种间系统关系的同时, 还应加强系统和生态适应性演化之间的协同研究; (4)关注石松类和蕨类植物系统位置作为陆生维管植物演化起点的共性科学问题; (5)加强石松类和蕨类植物系统分类学与生态学、植物化学、保护生物学等学科间交叉合作研究。

关键词: 维管植物, 新分类群, 国家重点保护植物, 系统发育

Abstract

Background: Lycophytes and ferns are the second largest group of vascular plants, dating back as far as 400 million years ago. Before the domination of angiosperms, lycophytes and ferns were the key component of ancient terrestrial ecosystems, and are still important to modern ecosystems today. Since the 1940s, the study of lycophytes and ferns in China has attracted worldwide attention. In the past five years since the 19th International Botanical Congress (IBC) held in Shenzhen in 2017, research on lycophytes and ferns in China has expanded internationally and focuses on a wider range of scientific issues. A series of important advances have been made on plant diversity, conservation, phylogeny, and ecological adaptation.
Results: From 2017 to 2022, the tree of life for lycophytes and ferns in the world has been reconstructed by the family level, and a new evolutionary model for the sporangium was proposed. Some of the phylogenetic and taxonomic problems of order, family, genus and species of lycophytes and ferns were solved, meanwhile 106 new taxa were published. A large number of floristic collections and studies have been conducted, and six Chinese plus one worldwide monographs on the diversity of lycophytes and ferns have been published. In addition, 65 species of lycophytes and ferns under state priority conservation have been ex situ protected, and spore reproduction has been achieved in priority conservation groups such as Cyatheaceae, Ceratopteris, Angiopteris and Platycerium wallichiia. The ecological restoration and adaptive evolution of lycophytes and ferns were studied under the phylogeny.
Perspectives: After literature survey on the research of lycophytes and ferns in China from 2017 to 2022, we make the following suggestions for future studies: (1) Focus future research on Chinese oligotypic families/genera and the worldwide mega-diverse families/genera. (2) Prioritize research in under-studied areas, such as Tibet and Sichuan, and utilize new technologies (e.g., DNA barcoding) to improve the efficiency and accuracy of species identification. (3) When clarifying the systematic relationship between families, genera, and species by using multi-disciplinary approaches, it is necessary to conduct research on plant evolutionary history and adaptation mechanisms. (4) Research efforts should focus on the common scientific conjecture of the systematic position of lycophytes and fern as the origin for the evolution of terrestrial vascular plants. (5) Pay more attention to the cooperation among the phylogenetics, ecology, phytochemistry, conservation biology and other subjects of lycophytes and ferns.

Key words: vascular plants, new taxa, wild plants under state priority conservation, phylogeny