同一健康理念下中国野生动物源疫病监测及响应体系发展对策

doi:10.17520/biods.2022270

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 22270. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022270

同一健康理念下中国野生动物源疫病监测及响应体系发展对策

姜丙坤¹, 孙斯翀¹, 刘颂蕊²^,^*(), 李彬彬¹^,^*()

1.昆山杜克大学环境研究中心, 江苏昆山 215316
2.成都大熊猫繁育研究基地四川省濒危野生动物保护生物学重点实验室, 成都 610081

收稿日期:2022-05-17 接受日期:2022-07-28 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-10-28
通讯作者: 刘颂蕊,李彬彬
作者简介:srui_liu@163.com
* E-mail: bl113@duke.edu;
基金资助:
香港海洋公园保育基金(TM03.1819);国家自然科学基金(32171652);成都大熊猫繁育研究基地自立课题(2020CPB-C11)

Countermeasures for the development of Chinese wildlife disease surveillance and response system under One Health Framework

Bingkun Jiang¹, Sichong Sun¹, Songrui Liu²^,^*(), Binbin V Li¹^,^*()

1. Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215316
2. Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, 610081

Received:2022-05-17 Accepted:2022-07-28 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-10-28
Contact: Songrui Liu,Binbin V Li

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现代人类新发传染病中, 有60.3%是人兽共患病, 其中71.8%源于野生动物。野生动物是许多病原体的贮存库, 对人类和饲养动物会产生潜在的生物安全威胁。目前, 中国针对饲养动物疫病的监测检测系统和法律法规较为健全, 但针对野生动物的疫源疫病监测仍比较薄弱。根据“One Health”的理念, 野生动物疫源疫病的有效监测与相应防治措施的落实, 不仅可以为人兽共患病的大规模流行做出预警并降低其几率, 同时也为野生动物种群的健康提供了保障。本研究通过国际案例的比较分析, 提出有效的野生动物疫源疫病监测系统特征。同时, 通过对我国现有监测体系的研究分析, 结合利益相关方访谈以及实地调查, 提出了完善现有系统的主要措施建议。建议包括: (1)推进不同政府部门间的资源互通, 提高国家疫病监测体系应对跨学科、跨领域问题的综合能力; (2)针对人及饲养动物与野生动物接触频繁的生产生活方式, 应建立重点监测管理和响应机制; (3)提高对科学技术的重视, 包括建立野生动物疫病参考实验室、提升相关工作人员的技术能力等, 保障科学的监测方案和检测方法; (4)建立基于公众和现有监测资源的信息上报、汇总系统, 提升野生动物疫病监测的公众参与度和信息透明度。

关键词: 同一健康, 人兽共患病, 监测, 政策分析, 野生动物

Abstract

Background: About 60.3% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonoses, of which, 71.8% originate in wildlife. Wildlife can act as partial reservoirs of disease or pathogens, or pose an unknown biosecurity threat to humans and livestock. While China currently has a robust surveillance and testing system for some infectious diseases, and relevant laws, regulations and management are increasingly being improved, surveillance of wildlife epidemics is still relatively weak. According to the One Health framework, effective surveillance of wildlife and the implementation of corresponding control measures can not only reduce large-scale epidemics of zoonoses, but also can safeguard the health of wildlife populations.

Method: This study presents the characteristics of an effective wildlife surveillance system through comparative analysis of international cases, and at the same time, through research and analysis of the existing surveillance system in China, assisted with stakeholder interviews and field surveys, proposes key measures to improve the existing system.

Suggestions: (1) Promoting resource sharing among different government departments and improve the capacity of the national epidemic surveillance system to respond to interdisciplinary and cross-sector issues; (2) Establishing key surveillance and response mechanisms in areas where humans and livestock are in frequent contact with wildlife; (3) increasing the emphasis on science and technology, including the establishment of wildlife disease reference laboratories, enhancing the technical capacity of relevant staff, etc., to establish scientific monitoring programs and detection methods; (4) establishing a reporting system based on the public and existing monitoring resources to enhance public participation and information transparency of wildlife disease monitoring.

Key words: One Health, zoonotic, surveillance, policy analysis, wildlife

姜丙坤, 孙斯翀, 刘颂蕊, 李彬彬 (2022) 同一健康理念下中国野生动物源疫病监测及响应体系发展对策. 生物多样性, 30, 22270. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022270.

Bingkun Jiang, Sichong Sun, Songrui Liu, Binbin V Li (2022) Countermeasures for the development of Chinese wildlife disease surveillance and response system under One Health Framework. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22270. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022270.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022270

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I11/22270

图/表 2

图1 本文建议构建的中国野生动物疫病监测体系概况。实线箭头代表行政管理从属关系, 虚线代表技术标准、疫情报告等信息传递途径。

Fig. 1 Overview of the administrative structure of Chinese wildlife disease monitoring system proposed in this paper. The solid arrows represent administrative subordination, and the dotted lines represent technical standards, epidemic reporting and other information transfer channels.

图2 本文建议构建的中国野生动物疫病预警及响应体系概况。实线代表行政管理从属关系, 虚线代表技术标准、疫情报告等信息传递途径。红线代表预警体系, 蓝线代表响应体系。

Fig. 2 Overview of the administrative structure of Chinese wildlife disease early warning and response system proposed in this paper. The solid lines represent administrative subordination, and the dotted lines represent technical standards, epidemic reporting and other information transfer channels. Red lines represent early warning system, and blue lines represent response system.

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同一健康理念下中国野生动物源疫病监测及响应体系发展对策

Countermeasures for the development of Chinese wildlife disease surveillance and response system under One Health Framework

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