生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 21448. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021448
所属专题: 昆虫多样性与生态功能
韩艺茹1,2, 薛琪琪1,2, 宋厚娟1, 祁靖宇1,2, 高瑞贺1,2, 崔绍朋1,2, 门丽娜1,2,*(), 张志伟1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2021-11-09
接受日期:
2022-01-29
出版日期:
2022-03-20
发布日期:
2022-03-02
通讯作者:
门丽娜,张志伟
作者简介:
linamen81@163.com基金资助:
Yiru Han1,2, Qiqi Xue1,2, Houjuan Song1, Jingyu Qi1,2, Ruihe Gao1,2, Shaopeng Cui1,2, Lina Men1,2,*(), Zhiwei Zhang1,2,*()
Received:
2021-11-09
Accepted:
2022-01-29
Online:
2022-03-20
Published:
2022-03-02
Contact:
Lina Men,Zhiwei Zhang
摘要:
为了解燕山地区访花昆虫的群落结构及与其生境类型、干扰程度、海拔之间的关系, 本文采用样线法和灯诱法于2019年、2020年每年的7-8月对该地区湿地、森林、灌丛、草地、农田5种生境, 不同海拔梯度(0-1,200 m)的访花昆虫进行了采集。共采集访花昆虫1,306头, 隶属7目44科153种, 其中鳞翅目昆虫物种数最多, 半翅目昆虫个体数最多。灌丛生境的访花昆虫多样性最高。在中低海拔200-400 m段, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Simpson优势度指数均最高。双变量回归结果表明, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数分别与最暖季降水量和年降水量显著正相关(P < 0.05)。冗余分析(redundancy analysis)结果表明, 环境因子显著影响访花昆虫多样性, 但不同测度之间存在一定差异。温度和湿度均与Pielou均匀度指数呈正相关, 与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Simpson优势度指数呈负相关; 弱干扰和中干扰程度对访花昆虫多样性影响最小, 科学管理农牧活动是保护访花昆虫多样性的关键。
韩艺茹, 薛琪琪, 宋厚娟, 祁靖宇, 高瑞贺, 崔绍朋, 门丽娜, 张志伟 (2022) 燕山地区访花昆虫多样性及其影响因子. 生物多样性, 30, 21448. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021448.
Yiru Han, Qiqi Xue, Houjuan Song, Jingyu Qi, Ruihe Gao, Shaopeng Cui, Lina Men, Zhiwei Zhang (2022) Diversity and influencing factors of flower-visiting insects in the Yanshan area. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21448. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021448.
类群 Order | 科数 No. of families | 种数 No. of species | 个体数 No. of individuals |
---|---|---|---|
螳螂目 Mantodea | 1 (2.27%) | 2 (1.32%) | 20 (1.53%) |
直翅目 Orthoptera | 3 (6.82%) | 4 (2.62%) | 51 (3.91%) |
半翅目 Hemiptera | 8 (18.18%) | 35 (22.88%) | 634 (48.55%) |
鞘翅目 Coleoptera | 8 (18.18%) | 33 (21.57%) | 341 (26.11%) |
双翅目 Diptera | 6 (13.65%) | 17 (11.11%) | 60 (4.59%) |
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera | 9 (20.45%) | 40 (26.14%) | 98 (7.5%) |
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 9 (20.45%) | 22 (14.37%) | 102 (7.81%) |
合计 Total | 44 | 153 | 1,306 |
表1 燕山地区访花昆虫群落结构
Table 1 Composition and structure of flower-visiting insect communities in the Yanshan area
类群 Order | 科数 No. of families | 种数 No. of species | 个体数 No. of individuals |
---|---|---|---|
螳螂目 Mantodea | 1 (2.27%) | 2 (1.32%) | 20 (1.53%) |
直翅目 Orthoptera | 3 (6.82%) | 4 (2.62%) | 51 (3.91%) |
半翅目 Hemiptera | 8 (18.18%) | 35 (22.88%) | 634 (48.55%) |
鞘翅目 Coleoptera | 8 (18.18%) | 33 (21.57%) | 341 (26.11%) |
双翅目 Diptera | 6 (13.65%) | 17 (11.11%) | 60 (4.59%) |
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera | 9 (20.45%) | 40 (26.14%) | 98 (7.5%) |
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 9 (20.45%) | 22 (14.37%) | 102 (7.81%) |
合计 Total | 44 | 153 | 1,306 |
类群 Order | 湿地 Wetland | 草地 Grassland | 农田 Farmland | 灌丛 Shrub | 森林 Forest | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | |
螳螂目 Mantodea | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
直翅目 Orthoptera | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 29 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
半翅目 Hemiptera | 4 | 4 | 22 | 5 | 15 | 293 | 5 | 7 | 54 | 7 | 24 | 145 | 6 | 23 | 120 |
鞘翅目 Coleoptera | 3 | 3 | 15 | 6 | 15 | 139 | 3 | 5 | 15 | 6 | 21 | 106 | 7 | 17 | 66 |
双翅目 Diptera | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 4 | 8 | 17 | 6 | 10 | 21 |
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 11 | 13 | 9 | 30 | 73 |
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 49 | 5 | 8 | 30 |
合计 Total | 10 | 10 | 41 | 26 | 47 | 473 | 15 | 19 | 105 | 32 | 81 | 364 | 37 | 92 | 323 |
表2 燕山地区不同生境下访花昆虫群落结构
Table 2 Composition and structure of flower-visiting insects communities under different habitats in the Yanshan area
类群 Order | 湿地 Wetland | 草地 Grassland | 农田 Farmland | 灌丛 Shrub | 森林 Forest | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | |
螳螂目 Mantodea | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
直翅目 Orthoptera | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 29 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
半翅目 Hemiptera | 4 | 4 | 22 | 5 | 15 | 293 | 5 | 7 | 54 | 7 | 24 | 145 | 6 | 23 | 120 |
鞘翅目 Coleoptera | 3 | 3 | 15 | 6 | 15 | 139 | 3 | 5 | 15 | 6 | 21 | 106 | 7 | 17 | 66 |
双翅目 Diptera | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 4 | 8 | 17 | 6 | 10 | 21 |
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 11 | 13 | 9 | 30 | 73 |
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 49 | 5 | 8 | 30 |
合计 Total | 10 | 10 | 41 | 26 | 47 | 473 | 15 | 19 | 105 | 32 | 81 | 364 | 37 | 92 | 323 |
图1 燕山地区不同生境访花昆虫多样性。(A) Shannon-Wiener 多样性; (B) 物种丰富度; (C) Simpson 多样性。
Fig. 1 Diversity of flower-visiting insects under different habitats in the Yanshan area. (A) Shannon-Wiener diversity; (B) Species richnes; (C) Simpson diversity.
类群 Orders | 0-200 m | 200-400 m | 400-600 m | 600-800 m | 800-1000 m | 1000-1200 m | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | |
螳螂目 Mantodea | 1 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
直翅目 Orthoptera | 2 | 2 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
半翅目 Hemiptera | 5 | 13 | 296 | 6 | 14 | 44 | 8 | 24 | 166 | 7 | 20 | 57 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 64 |
鞘翅目 Coleoptera | 6 | 16 | 155 | 5 | 15 | 44 | 7 | 20 | 95 | 3 | 8 | 24 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 11 |
双翅目 Diptera | 2 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 6 | 9 | 26 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 9 |
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera | 5 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 8 | 19 | 39 | 7 | 19 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 4 | 6 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 34 | 4 | 6 | 15 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 3 | 3 | 7 |
合计 Total | 25 | 47 | 519 | 31 | 53 | 136 | 38 | 86 | 379 | 25 | 57 | 143 | 9 | 12 | 35 | 15 | 22 | 94 |
表3 燕山地区不同海拔访花昆虫群落结构
Table 3 Composition and structure of flower-visiting insects community under different altitudes in the Yanshan area
类群 Orders | 0-200 m | 200-400 m | 400-600 m | 600-800 m | 800-1000 m | 1000-1200 m | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | 科数 F | 种数 S | 个体数 Ind. | |
螳螂目 Mantodea | 1 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
直翅目 Orthoptera | 2 | 2 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
半翅目 Hemiptera | 5 | 13 | 296 | 6 | 14 | 44 | 8 | 24 | 166 | 7 | 20 | 57 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 64 |
鞘翅目 Coleoptera | 6 | 16 | 155 | 5 | 15 | 44 | 7 | 20 | 95 | 3 | 8 | 24 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 11 |
双翅目 Diptera | 2 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 6 | 9 | 26 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 9 |
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera | 5 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 8 | 19 | 39 | 7 | 19 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 4 | 6 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 34 | 4 | 6 | 15 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 3 | 3 | 7 |
合计 Total | 25 | 47 | 519 | 31 | 53 | 136 | 38 | 86 | 379 | 25 | 57 | 143 | 9 | 12 | 35 | 15 | 22 | 94 |
图4 燕山地区不同海拔访花昆虫多样性。(A) Shannon-Wiener 多样性; (B) 物种丰富度; (C) Simpson 多样性。
Fig. 4 Diversity of flower-visiting insects under different altitudes in Yanshan area. (A) Shannon-Wiener diversity; (B) Species richnes; (C) Simpson diversity.
图7 燕山地区访花昆虫群落多样性与环境因子的RDA排序。 生境类型; 干扰程度; 干扰类型。
Fig. 7 RDA sequence diagram of community diversity of flower-visiting insects and five environmental factors in the Yanshan area. Habitat type; Disturbance degree; Disturbance type.
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