燕山地区访花昆虫多样性及其影响因子

doi:10.17520/biods.2021448

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 21448. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021448

所属专题：昆虫多样性与生态功能

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

燕山地区访花昆虫多样性及其影响因子

韩艺茹¹^,², 薛琪琪¹^,², 宋厚娟¹, 祁靖宇¹^,², 高瑞贺¹^,², 崔绍朋¹^,², 门丽娜¹^,²^,^*(), 张志伟¹^,²^,^*()

1.山西农业大学林学院, 山西太谷 030801
2.山西省林业危险性有害生物检验鉴定中心, 山西太谷 030801

收稿日期:2021-11-09 接受日期:2022-01-29 出版日期:2022-03-20 发布日期:2022-03-02
通讯作者: 门丽娜,张志伟
作者简介:linamen81@163.com
*E-mail: zhiweizhang2012@163.com;
基金资助:
生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006);国家自然科学基金(32171806);山西省基础研究计划(自由探索类);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2021-067);山西省林业重点研发计划专项

Diversity and influencing factors of flower-visiting insects in the Yanshan area

Yiru Han¹^,², Qiqi Xue¹^,², Houjuan Song¹, Jingyu Qi¹^,², Ruihe Gao¹^,², Shaopeng Cui¹^,², Lina Men¹^,²^,^*(), Zhiwei Zhang¹^,²^,^*()

1 College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801
2 Shanxi Forestry Dangerous Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Taigu, Shanxi 030801

Received:2021-11-09 Accepted:2022-01-29 Online:2022-03-20 Published:2022-03-02
Contact: Lina Men,Zhiwei Zhang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解燕山地区访花昆虫的群落结构及与其生境类型、干扰程度、海拔之间的关系, 本文采用样线法和灯诱法于2019年、2020年每年的7-8月对该地区湿地、森林、灌丛、草地、农田5种生境, 不同海拔梯度(0-1,200 m)的访花昆虫进行了采集。共采集访花昆虫1,306头, 隶属7目44科153种, 其中鳞翅目昆虫物种数最多, 半翅目昆虫个体数最多。灌丛生境的访花昆虫多样性最高。在中低海拔200-400 m段, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Simpson优势度指数均最高。双变量回归结果表明, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数分别与最暖季降水量和年降水量显著正相关(P < 0.05)。冗余分析(redundancy analysis)结果表明, 环境因子显著影响访花昆虫多样性, 但不同测度之间存在一定差异。温度和湿度均与Pielou均匀度指数呈正相关, 与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Simpson优势度指数呈负相关; 弱干扰和中干扰程度对访花昆虫多样性影响最小, 科学管理农牧活动是保护访花昆虫多样性的关键。

关键词: 访花昆虫, 多样性, 干扰程度, 冗余分析, 燕山地区

Abstract

Aim Our aim is to clarify the relationship between diversity and community structure of flower-visiting insects and their habitat type, disturbance degree, and altitude in the Yanshan area.

Methods Throughout July-August of 2019 and 2020, we collected flower-visiting insects in five habitats, including wetland, forest, shrub, grassland and farmland, with different gradients of 0-1,200 m above the sea level by using the method of transects and light lures.

Result A total of 1,306 flower-visiting insects were collected, belonging to 153 species, 44 families, and 7 orders, among which Lepidoptera had the largest number of species and Hemiptera had the largest number of individuals. The diversity of flower-visiting insects is highest in the shrub cluster. The Shannon-Wiener, Margalef, and Simpson indices are the highest in the middle and low altitudes of 200-400 m. The results of bivariate regression indicate that the Shannon-Wiener and Margalef indices are positively correlated with precipitation in the warmest season and annual precipitation respectively (P< 0.05). Redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrated that environmental factors significantly affected the diversity of flower-visiting insects, but there was some variation among different measures. Temperature and humidity are positively correlated with the Pielou index and negatively correlated with the Shannon-Wiener, Margalef, and Simpson indices. The results further indicate that scientific management of husbandry activities is the key to protecting the diversity of flower-visiting insects.

Conclusion Scientific management of husbandry activities is the key to protecting the diversity of flower-visiting insects.

Key words: flower-visiting insects, diversity, disturbance degree, redundancy analysis, Yanshan area

韩艺茹, 薛琪琪, 宋厚娟, 祁靖宇, 高瑞贺, 崔绍朋, 门丽娜, 张志伟 (2022) 燕山地区访花昆虫多样性及其影响因子. 生物多样性, 30, 21448. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021448.

Yiru Han, Qiqi Xue, Houjuan Song, Jingyu Qi, Ruihe Gao, Shaopeng Cui, Lina Men, Zhiwei Zhang (2022) Diversity and influencing factors of flower-visiting insects in the Yanshan area. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21448. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021448.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021448

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I3/21448

图/表 11

表1 燕山地区访花昆虫群落结构

Table 1 Composition and structure of flower-visiting insect communities in the Yanshan area

类群 Order	科数 No. of families	种数 No. of species	个体数 No. of individuals
螳螂目 Mantodea	1 (2.27%)	2 (1.32%)	20 (1.53%)
直翅目 Orthoptera	3 (6.82%)	4 (2.62%)	51 (3.91%)
半翅目 Hemiptera	8 (18.18%)	35 (22.88%)	634 (48.55%)
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	8 (18.18%)	33 (21.57%)	341 (26.11%)
双翅目 Diptera	6 (13.65%)	17 (11.11%)	60 (4.59%)
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera	9 (20.45%)	40 (26.14%)	98 (7.5%)
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	9 (20.45%)	22 (14.37%)	102 (7.81%)
合计 Total	44	153	1,306

表2 燕山地区不同生境下访花昆虫群落结构

Table 2 Composition and structure of flower-visiting insects communities under different habitats in the Yanshan area

类群 Order	湿地 Wetland			草地 Grassland			农田 Farmland			灌丛 Shrub			森林 Forest
类群 Order	科数 F	种数 S	个体数 Ind.	科数 F	种数 S	个体数 Ind.	科数 F	种数 S	个体数 Ind.	科数 F	种数 S	个体数 Ind.	科数 F	种数 S	个体数 Ind.
螳螂目 Mantodea	0	0	0	1	1	4	1	1	5	1	1	5	2	2	6
直翅目 Orthoptera	0	0	0	2	2	9	2	2	6	3	4	29	2	2	7
半翅目 Hemiptera	4	4	22	5	15	293	5	7	54	7	24	145	6	23	120
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	3	3	15	6	15	139	3	5	15	6	21	106	7	17	66
双翅目 Diptera	2	2	3	2	2	6	1	1	13	4	8	17	6	10	21
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera	0	0	0	5	6	12	0	0	0	5	11	13	9	30	73
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	1	1	1	5	6	10	3	3	12	6	12	49	5	8	30
合计 Total	10	10	41	26	47	473	15	19	105	32	81	364	37	92	323

图1 燕山地区不同生境访花昆虫多样性。(A) Shannon-Wiener 多样性; (B) 物种丰富度; (C) Simpson 多样性。

Fig. 1 Diversity of flower-visiting insects under different habitats in the Yanshan area. (A) Shannon-Wiener diversity; (B) Species richnes; (C) Simpson diversity.

图2 燕山地区不同生境访花昆虫多样性差异

Fig. 2 Differences of flower-visiting insects diversity under different habitats in the Yanshan area

图3 燕山地区不同生境访花昆虫群落相似性聚类

Fig. 3 Similarity cluster of flower-visiting insects communities under different habitats in the Yanshan area

表3 燕山地区不同海拔访花昆虫群落结构

Table 3 Composition and structure of flower-visiting insects community under different altitudes in the Yanshan area

类群 Orders	0-200 m			200-400 m			400-600 m			600-800 m			800-1000 m			1000-1200 m
类群 Orders	科数 F	种数 S	个体数 Ind.	科数 F	种数 S	个体数 Ind.	科数 F	种数 S	个体数 Ind.	科数 F	种数 S	个体数 Ind.	科数 F	种数 S	个体数 Ind.	科数 F	种数 S	个体数 Ind.
螳螂目 Mantodea	1	1	9	2	2	2	1	1	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
直翅目 Orthoptera	2	2	17	2	2	12	2	2	10	1	1	9	0	0	0	1	1	3
半翅目 Hemiptera	5	13	296	6	14	44	8	24	166	7	20	57	3	4	7	6	11	64
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	6	16	155	5	15	44	7	20	95	3	8	24	2	4	12	2	3	11
双翅目 Diptera	2	3	9	3	3	11	6	9	26	3	3	3	1	1	2	3	4	9
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera	5	6	12	6	9	12	8	19	39	7	19	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	4	6	21	7	8	11	6	11	34	4	6	15	3	3	14	3	3	7
合计 Total	25	47	519	31	53	136	38	86	379	25	57	143	9	12	35	15	22	94

图4 燕山地区不同海拔访花昆虫多样性。(A) Shannon-Wiener 多样性; (B) 物种丰富度; (C) Simpson 多样性。

Fig. 4 Diversity of flower-visiting insects under different altitudes in Yanshan area. (A) Shannon-Wiener diversity; (B) Species richnes; (C) Simpson diversity.

图5 燕山地区不同海拔条件访花昆虫多样性差异

Fig. 5 Differences of flower-visiting insects diversity under different altitudes in Yanshan area

图6 燕山地区不同海拔条件访花昆虫群落相似性聚类

Fig. 6 Similarity cluster of flower-visiting insects communities under different altitudes in the Yanshan area

图7 燕山地区访花昆虫群落多样性与环境因子的RDA排序。生境类型; 干扰程度; 干扰类型。

Fig. 7 RDA sequence diagram of community diversity of flower-visiting insects and five environmental factors in the Yanshan area. Habitat type; Disturbance degree; Disturbance type.

图8 访花昆虫多样性与5种环境因子的线性拟合

Fig. 8 Linear correlation fitting diagram between flower-visiting insects diversity and five environmental factor

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燕山地区访花昆虫多样性及其影响因子

Diversity and influencing factors of flower-visiting insects in the Yanshan area

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