莫古礼(Floyd Alonzo McClure)在华采集和引种竹类植物的历史及其影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2021193

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

竹类植物是美国采集者在我国采集和引种的一类主要植物。在众多的竹类植物采集者中, 莫古礼(Floyd Alonzo McClure)是最具代表性的一位, 他于1919-1940年在岭南大学开展竹类植物研究, 在此期间多次采集竹类植物标本并引种竹类植物到美国。本研究通过大量文献研究、档案查阅以及实地调研, 整理了莫古礼采集竹类植物的路线和采集地, 并对竹类植物学名进行校对, 分析了莫古礼在华研究、采集和引种竹类植物的历史及其影响。经统计, 莫古礼在华期间竹类植物标本采集地涉及12个省级行政区39个地级市, 主要集中在广东、海南、香港等地; 引种地涉及9个省级行政区的25个地级市; 共采集竹类植物标本727号1,840份, 隶属20属93种(含种下单位, 下同), 分别占我国竹类植物属和种的58.8%和17.4%; 共引种竹类植物255份, 隶属于17属77种, 分别占我国竹类植物属和种的50.0%和14.4%。莫古礼在华采集和引种竹类植物极大地发展了竹类植物分类学, 所采集的竹类植物标本为后人竹类植物研究提供了极大的帮助, 所引种的竹类植物极大丰富了美国竹类植物种类, 也促进了竹类植物在美国的应用。

关键词: 中国, 美国, 竹类植物, 标本采集, 引种史

Abstract

Aim: Bamboo is one of the main collecting targets in China and has been widely introduced to the United States. Among the numerous collectors of bamboo, Floyd Alonzo McClure has made the biggest impact. During his research at Lingnan University from 1919 to 1940, he collected bamboo specimens and introduced bamboo to the United States many times. In order to understand the history of collection and introduction of plants from China to the United States, it is necessary to investigate the history of McClure’s collection and introduction of bamboo in China.
Method: We conducted an extensive review of the literature and collection archives to sort out the route, collection locations, and scientific names of bamboo collected by McClure. We analyzed the history of McClure’s research, collection and introduction of bamboo in China.
Results: During McClure’s research in China, there were a total of 12 provinces (39 prefecture-level cities), where bamboo was collected. Guangdong, Hainan, and Hong Kong were the locality where the most bamboo was collected. There were a total of 9 provinces and 25 prefecture-level cities where bamboo was introduced. Of these introduced bamboos, a total of 1,840 sheets and 727 numbers bamboo specimens were collected, belonging to 93 species from 20 genera (including subspecies units, the same below). This accounts for 58.8% of bamboo genera and 17.4% of bamboo species in China. A total of 255 bamboos were introduced, belonging to 77 species of 17 genera, accounting for 14.4% of the species and 50.0% of the genera in China, respectively.
Conclusions: McClure’s collection and introduction of bamboo in China was important for the development of bamboo taxonomy. The bamboo specimens collected by McClure were invaluable for subsequent bamboo research. The bamboo introduced by McClure greatly enriched bamboo species in the United States and also helped promote the application of bamboo in the United States.

Key words: China, The United States, bamboo, specimen collection, introduction history

吴仁武, 南歆格, 晏海, 杨凡, 史琰, 包志毅 (2021) 莫古礼(Floyd Alonzo McClure)在华采集和引种竹类植物的历史及其影响. 生物多样性, 29, 1565-1575. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021193.

Renwu Wu, Xinge Nan, Hai Yan, Fan Yang, Yan Shi, Zhiyi Bao (2021) The history and influence of bamboo collection and introduction from China by Floyd Alonzo McClure. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1565-1575. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021193.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021193

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I11/1565

图/表 5

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序号 No.	标本馆名称及代码 Herbarium name and code	号数 Numbers	份数 Sheets
1	美国自然历史博物馆植物标本馆 National Museum of Natural History (US)	582	948
2	中山大学植物标本室 Herbarium of Sun Yat-sen University (SYS)	581	762
3	中国科学院华南植物园标本馆 South China Botanical Garden Herbarium, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBSC)	30	35
4	密苏里植物园植物标本馆 Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium (MO)	26	28
5	中国科学院植物研究所植物标本馆 Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (PE)	12	29
6	毕夏普博物馆 Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum (BPBM)	7	7
7	邱园植物园植物标本馆 Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)	7	8
8	澳大利亚国家植物标本馆 Australian National Herbarium (CANB)	4	11
9	哈佛大学阿诺德树木园植物标本馆 Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University Herbaria (A)	3	3
10	柏林-达勒姆植物园和植物博物馆植物标本馆 Herbarium of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem (B)	2	2
11	加州科学院植物标本馆 Botanical Collection at the California Academy of Sciences (CAS)	2	2
12	爱荷华州立大学艾达·海登植物标本馆 Ada Hayden Herbarium, Iowa State University (ISC)	2	2
13	英国自然历史博物馆植物标本馆 Natural History Museum, London, UK (NHMUK)	2	2
14	纽约植物园植物标本馆 William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of The New York Botanical Garden (NY)	1	1

序号 No.	标本馆名称及代码 Herbarium name and code	号数 Numbers	份数 Sheets
1	美国自然历史博物馆植物标本馆 National Museum of Natural History (US)	582	948
2	中山大学植物标本室 Herbarium of Sun Yat-sen University (SYS)	581	762
3	中国科学院华南植物园标本馆 South China Botanical Garden Herbarium, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBSC)	30	35
4	密苏里植物园植物标本馆 Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium (MO)	26	28
5	中国科学院植物研究所植物标本馆 Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (PE)	12	29
6	毕夏普博物馆 Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum (BPBM)	7	7
7	邱园植物园植物标本馆 Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)	7	8
8	澳大利亚国家植物标本馆 Australian National Herbarium (CANB)	4	11
9	哈佛大学阿诺德树木园植物标本馆 Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University Herbaria (A)	3	3
10	柏林-达勒姆植物园和植物博物馆植物标本馆 Herbarium of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem (B)	2	2
11	加州科学院植物标本馆 Botanical Collection at the California Academy of Sciences (CAS)	2	2
12	爱荷华州立大学艾达·海登植物标本馆 Ada Hayden Herbarium, Iowa State University (ISC)	2	2
13	英国自然历史博物馆植物标本馆 Natural History Museum, London, UK (NHMUK)	2	2
14	纽约植物园植物标本馆 William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of The New York Botanical Garden (NY)	1	1

序号No.	属名 Genus	号数 No. of specimens	份数 No. of Sheets	引种份数 No. of introduced
1	簕竹属 Bambusa	226	575	91
2	刚竹属 Phyllostachys	144	352	66
3	矢竹属 Pseudosasa	89	240	20
4	簩竹属 Schizostachyum	24	92	7
5	箬竹属 Indocalamus	27	80	7
6	牡竹属 Dendrocalamus	26	63	9
7	少穗竹属 Oligostachyum	9	45	1
8	唐竹属 Sinobambusa	14	28	13
9	酸竹属 Acidosasa	6	17	3
10	苦竹属 Pleioblastus	5	13	2
11	藤竹属 Dinochloa	3	12	/
12	赤竹属 Sasa	3	9	1
13	方竹属 Chimonobambusa	3	6	1
14	空竹属 Cephalostachyum	1	4	1
15	大节竹属 Indosasa	2	3	/
16	巨竹属 Gigantochloa	1	3	1
17	业平竹属 Semiarundinaria	2	2	1
18	箭竹属 Fargesia	1	2	/
19	玉山竹属 Yushania	1	2	1
20	鹅毛竹属 Shibataea	1	1	/
21	泡竹属 Pseudostachyum	/	/	1

序号No.	属名 Genus	号数 No. of specimens	份数 No. of Sheets	引种份数 No. of introduced
1	簕竹属 Bambusa	226	575	91
2	刚竹属 Phyllostachys	144	352	66
3	矢竹属 Pseudosasa	89	240	20
4	簩竹属 Schizostachyum	24	92	7
5	箬竹属 Indocalamus	27	80	7
6	牡竹属 Dendrocalamus	26	63	9
7	少穗竹属 Oligostachyum	9	45	1
8	唐竹属 Sinobambusa	14	28	13
9	酸竹属 Acidosasa	6	17	3
10	苦竹属 Pleioblastus	5	13	2
11	藤竹属 Dinochloa	3	12	/
12	赤竹属 Sasa	3	9	1
13	方竹属 Chimonobambusa	3	6	1
14	空竹属 Cephalostachyum	1	4	1
15	大节竹属 Indosasa	2	3	/
16	巨竹属 Gigantochloa	1	3	1
17	业平竹属 Semiarundinaria	2	2	1
18	箭竹属 Fargesia	1	2	/
19	玉山竹属 Yushania	1	2	1
20	鹅毛竹属 Shibataea	1	1	/
21	泡竹属 Pseudostachyum	/	/	1