生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 24585.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024585  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024585

• 昆蒙框架如何在中国体制下成为主流工作目标专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

基层地方政府在完成《昆蒙框架》中的作用和难点: 基于《联合国气候变化框架公约》任务的比较

顾婧婧1, 刘宜卓2*, 苏杨3   

  1. 1. 仙居县生物多样性资源保护中心, 仙居国家公园管理委员会, 浙江台州 317300; 2. 南开大学马克思主义学院, 天津 300350; 3. 国务院发展研究中心管理世界杂志社, 北京 100026
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-28 修回日期:2025-03-12 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-14
  • 通讯作者: 刘宜卓

The functions and challenges of grass-roots local governments in fulfilling the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework—A comparative analysis with the objectives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Jingjing Gu1, Yizhuo Liu2*,Yang Su3   

  1. 1 Xianju County Biodiversity Resource Conservation Center, Xianju National Park Management Committee, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317300, China

    2 School of Marxism, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China 

    3 Management World Journal Press, Development Research Center of the State Council, Beijing 100026, China

  • Received:2024-12-28 Revised:2025-03-12 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-14
  • Contact: Yizhuo Liu

摘要: 在中国国情下完成《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(简称《昆蒙框架》)目标, 基层地方政府是重要角色, 要落地的举措大多由其实施或监督。对于生物多样性治理和应对气候变化这样需要全社会合力完成的国际目标而言, 中国体制具有“集中力量办大事”的优势, 但对自上而下的任务, 地方政府习惯于优先和全力完成与考核目标挂钩和有明确资金支持的。中国体制优势在《联合国气候变化框架公约》履约中已经显现, 但在《生物多样性公约》履约上相形见绌, 原因即为履约任务没有体现在地方政府的规划、考核中, 且资金支持薄弱。建议借力党的二十届三中全会的任务, 推动《昆蒙框架》和《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023–2030年)》转化为各级政府尤其是基层地方政府的任务, 使得国际履约工作获得中国体制下的刚性支持; 建立健全各级政府协调机制, 构建各部门各行业政策体系; 扭转生物多样性工作属于生态环境部门工作的观念, 完善生物多样性保护与治理联合机制, 以中央生态环保督察等形成生态环境部门调度基层地方政府和相关部门的手段。

关键词: 昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架, 生物多样性公约, 联合国气候变化框架公约, 基层地方政府

Abstract

Backgrounds: To achieve the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) within the Chinese context, grass-roots local government are key players, as they implement or oversee most actionable measures. China’s system excels at mobilizing collective efforts for national tasks like biodiversity management and climate change response. 

Challenges: Nevertheless, in the execution of top-down directives, grass-roots local government are inclined to prioritize and exhaustively implement initiatives that are tied to performance evaluation metrics. The comparative advantages inherent in China’s governance structure have exhibited notable efficacy in the observance of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); however, such strengths remain underdeveloped in the realm of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The reason is that the implementation task is not reflected in the planning and assessment of local governments and the financial support is weak. 

Recommendations: It is suggested to leverage the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to mainstream the work of the KMGBF and the China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023‒2030), thereby enabling international compliance efforts to potentially receive rigid support under the Chinese system. Establish and improve coordination mechanisms among government agencies at all levels, and construct policy systems for various departments and industries. Strengthen inter-departmental collaboration, enhance linkage between provinces, cities, and counties, break down barriers of departmental interests, completely reverse the notion that biodiversity work is solely the responsibility of ecological and environmental departments, refine the joint mechanism for biodiversity conservation and governance, and classify and grade to consolidate responsibilities. The central ecological and environmental protection inspectors form the means for ecological and environmental departments to dispatch local governments and relevant departments at the grass-roots local level.

Key words: Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Convention on Biological Diversity, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, grass-roots local government