土壤动物群落空间格局和构建机制研究进展

doi:10.17520/biods.2018122

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (10): 1034-1050. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018122

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

土壤动物群落空间格局和构建机制研究进展

高梅香^1,², 林琳^1,², 常亮³, 孙新³, 刘冬³, 吴东辉^3,^4,^*()

1 (哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 哈尔滨 150025)
2 (哈尔滨师范大学寒区地理环境监测与空间信息服务黑龙江省重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150025)
3 (中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130102)
4 (东北师范大学植被科学教育部重点实验室, 长春 130024);

收稿日期:2018-04-16 接受日期:2018-07-03 出版日期:2018-10-20 发布日期:2019-01-06
通讯作者: 吴东辉
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41471037, 41430857)和哈尔滨师范大学优秀青年基金(XKYQ201401)

Spatial patterns and assembly rules in soil fauna communities: A review

Meixiang Gao^1,², Lin Lin^1,², Liang Chang³, Xin Sun³, Dong Liu³, Donghui Wu^3,^4,^*()

1 College of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025
2 Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025
3 Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Scieneces, Changchun 130102
4 Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024

Received:2018-04-16 Accepted:2018-07-03 Online:2018-10-20 Published:2019-01-06
Contact: Wu Donghui
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

群落空间格局和构建机制一直是生态学研究的核心内容。在生物多样性严重丧失的背景下, 揭示群落空间格局及其构建机制, 有助于深刻理解生物多样性丧失的原因, 更有助于应对生物多样性保护等重大生态环境问题。然而, 陆地生态系统的研究多集中于地上生物群落, 对地下生态系统, 尤其是土壤动物空间格局和构建机制的研究尚不充分。事实上, 土壤动物多样性是全球生物多样性的关键组成之一, 是地下生态系统结构和功能维持的重要部分。对土壤动物空间格局和构建机制的研究, 能明确不同空间尺度条件下土壤动物多样性的维持机制。土壤动物群落常在多种空间尺度形成复杂的空间分布格局, 因此, 本文首先介绍了不同空间尺度主要土壤动物群落的空间自相关性特征, 阐述了土壤动物群落斑块和孔隙镶嵌分布的复杂空间格局。继而阐明这种空间格局主要受生物间作用、环境过滤和随机扩散的调控, 并说明这三个过程对土壤动物群落的调控能力和作用方式。作者提出, 这三个过程仍是今后土壤动物群落空间格局和构建机制研究的重点内容, 需要进一步加强以土壤动物为研究对象的群落构建理论的验证和发展。我国土壤动物群落空间格局和构建机制起步较晚, 希望本文能够促进我国土壤动物生态学相关领域的研究。

关键词: 空间尺度, 空间异质性, 多样性维持, 生物间作用, 环境过滤, 随机扩散

Abstract

Identifying spatial patterns and assembly rules in communities is a central study topic in ecology. With the unprecedented rate at which biodiversity is decreasing, it is necessary to recognize the spatial patterns and assembly rules in communities in order to understand why biodiversity is being lost and to be able to protect it. However, previous studies have focused more on plant communities in above-ground terrestrial ecosystems, neglecting below-ground ecosystems, especially soil faunal communities. Indeed, soil faunal biodiversity is a crucial component of global biodiversity because soil faunal communities assist in the maintenance of important ecosystem structures and functions. Therefore, one important aim of identifying spatial patterns and assembly rules in soil faunal communities is to clarify mechanisms of maintaining soil faunal biodiversity at multiple scales, so as to promote these processes, which also maintain ecosystem structures and functions. Soil faunal communities usually form complicated spatial patterns at multiple spatial scales. Here, we propose spatial autocorrelation characteristics, and then show how the complicated spatial patterns are demonstrated by patches and gaps of soil faunal communities at multiple scales. These spatial patterns are mainly controlled by processes of biotic interactions, environmental filtering and random dispersal. Consequently, we discuss the impacts of these processes on soil faunal communities. Finally, we suggest that these three processes are essential to evaluate and construct a theoretical framework for soil faunal communities and should continue to be studied in the future. Because interest in spatial patterns and assembly rules of soil faunal communities is relatively new in China, we expect this review will promote the development of related research areas.

Key words: spatial scale, spatial heterogeneity, biodiversity maintainance, biotic interaction, environmental filtering, random dispersal

高梅香, 林琳, 常亮, 孙新, 刘冬, 吴东辉 (2018) 土壤动物群落空间格局和构建机制研究进展. 生物多样性, 26, 1034-1050. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018122.

Meixiang Gao, Lin Lin, Liang Chang, Xin Sun, Dong Liu, Donghui Wu (2018) Spatial patterns and assembly rules in soil fauna communities: A review. Biodiversity Science, 26, 1034-1050. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018122.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018122

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I10/1034

图/表 3

表1 主要土壤动物群落的空间自相关性距离

Table 1 Spatial autocorrelation distances of main soil animal communities

群落 Community	生境 Habitat	空间幅度 Spatial extent (m²)	空间自相关距离 Range (A₀, m)	参考文献 Reference
土壤蚯蚓 Earthworm	草地 Grassland	-	1-50	Decaëns et al, 2009
	森林 Forest	10,000	17-50	Gutiérrez-López et al, 2010
土壤跳虫 Soil collembola	森林 Forest	10,000	20-27	Gutiérrez-López et al, 2010
	农田 Cropland	250	5-50	高梅香等, 2014c
土壤螨类 Soil mite	森林 Forest	25	0.5-5	高梅香等, 2014a
		10,000	17-30	Gutiérrez-López et al, 2010
	农田 Cropland	250	5-40	高梅香等, 2014b
土壤线虫 Soil nematode	草地 Grassland	1,500	4-60	Rossi & Quénéhervé, 1998
	农田 Cropland	1,200	9-91	Liang et al, 2005
地表甲虫 Ground beetle	森林Forest	25	1-2.5	胡媛媛等, 2018
		400	5-10	朱纪元等, 2017
		900	150-450	倪娟平等, 2018b
	农田 Cropland	1,600	40-150	刘洁等, 2017

图1 凉水9 ha (300 m × 300 m)阔叶红松林样地地表步行虫群落(2015年8月)和地下土壤跳虫群落(2014年9月)克里格空间插值格局图(高梅香等, 2018)

Fig. 1 Kriging prediction maps for ground carabid (August 2015) and soil collembolan (September 2014) communities (Gao et al, 2018)

图2 群落构建机制的过滤模型(仿Vellend, 2016)。在这个假设的案例中, 一个来自区域物种库的随机物种子集进入局地地点; 只有那些有圆形边缘的物种能够适应局地环境条件; 竞争淘汰了其他物种, 只留下每个功能类型(以不同形状表示)的一个物种。由于资源需求不同, 两个剩余物种才能稳定共存。

Fig. 2 The filter model of community assembly (imitating from Vellend, 2016). In this hypothetical example, a random subset of species in the regional pool has access to a local site; only species with rounded edges can tolerate the environmental conditions; and competition leads to the elimination of all but one species of each functional type (shape). The two remaining species can coexist stably given contrasting resource requirements.

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土壤动物群落空间格局和构建机制研究进展

Spatial patterns and assembly rules in soil fauna communities: A review

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