中国温带荒漠植物群落生态特异性格局及其影响因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2023144

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 23144. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023144

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

中国温带荒漠植物群落生态特异性格局及其影响因素

王健铭¹, 雷训¹, 冯益明², 吴波², 卢琦², 何念鹏³, 李景文¹^,^*()

1.北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院, 北京 100083
2.中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所, 北京 100091
3.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2023-05-08 接受日期:2023-08-29 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-11-30
通讯作者: *E-mail: lijingwenhy@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
北京林业大学新进教师科研启动基金(BLX202145);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk1200);北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院青年才俊启航计划(BH2022-05);国家自然科学基金(32001186)

The ecological uniqueness of plant communities and their determinants across the temperate deserts of China

Jianming Wang¹, Xun Lei¹, Yiming Feng², Bo Wu², Qi Lu², Nianpeng He³, Jingwen Li¹^,^*()

1. School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
2. Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091
3. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101

Received:2023-05-08 Accepted:2023-08-29 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-11-30
Contact: *E-mail: lijingwenhy@bjfu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

局域取样单元对beta多样性的贡献可用于测度每个局域群落物种组成的生态特异性(ecological uniqueness)。温带荒漠生态系统广泛分布于全球干旱和极端干旱区域, 极易受到气候变化和人类活动的影响。然而目前温带荒漠植物群落生态特异性大尺度地理分布格局及其形成机制的系统研究还很缺乏, 制约着我们对荒漠植物群落多样性维持机制的认知。本文在温带灌木、矮半乔木及草原化灌木荒漠等6个中国温带荒漠区的主要地带性植被类型中设置了948个样方, 通过开展系统的野外调查采样和室内分析, 以及量化每个取样单元对beta多样性的贡献, 并结合土壤和气候变量等环境数据, 探讨了中国荒漠植物群落生态特异性大尺度地理分布格局及其影响因素。结果表明: (1)温带荒漠植物群落生态特异性存在显著的经度、纬度和海拔分布格局, 随着经度增加显著降低, 但随着纬度或海拔的升高呈现出先下降后增加的变化趋势; (2)土壤、气候、群落特征(植物物种丰富度和群落盖度)对植物群落生态特异性都有着显著的单独影响, 植物群落生态特异性随着物种丰富度增加呈先下降后上升的变化趋势; 经度、土壤、气候和植物群落特征共同解释了温带荒漠植物群落生态特异性33.5%的空间变异, 其中气候因子有着更强的单独解释率。上述结果说明环境过滤和中性过程以及其他未知过程共同调控了温带荒漠植物群落的生态特异性大尺度分布格局的形成, 且气候和土壤因素的过滤作用有着重要影响。

关键词: 中国温带荒漠, beta多样性, 生态特异性, 环境过滤, 土壤, 气候, 群落特征

Abstract

Aims: Overall beta diversity can be partitioned into the relative contributions of its individual sampling units, which represent comparative indicators of the ecological uniqueness of each local community within the sampling units. Temperate desert ecosystems are widely distributed primarily in arid and extremely arid regions and are especially sensitive to influence by climate change and human activities. However, distribution patterns of unique desert plant ecologies and their determining factors have yet to be studied extensively, which has hindered our understanding of mechanism for maintaining desert biodiversity in these regions. Therefore, this study aims to explore the ecological uniqueness of plant communities and identify their determinants in temperate deserts of China.

Methods: In this study, we selected 948 plots (10 m × 10 m) at 316 sites in the temperate deserts of China. We computed beta diversity as the total variation within the community data and used a plotting-based approach to determine if ecological uniqueness is related to the local environmental conditions and/or community characteristics. Stepwise multiple regressions and variation partitioning analyses were performed to further infer the mechanisms driving the geographic patterns of desert plant ecological uniqueness.

Results: The ecological uniqueness of desert plants exhibited significant variations based on longitudinal, latitudinal, and elevational patterns. Plant ecological uniqueness significantly decreased with longitude but displayed a U-shaped relationship with latitude and elevation. In addition, we observed a U-shaped relationship between plant ecological uniqueness and plant species richness. The soil, climate, and community characteristics (i.e., plant species richness and community coverage) significantly influenced the ecological uniqueness of plant communities. Longitude, soil, climate, and community characteristics taken together explained 33.5% of the total variation in the ecological uniqueness of plant communities. In addition, climatic factors demonstrated a more significant influence on the ecological uniqueness of the plant communities when compared to the soil and community characteristics.

Conclusions: Taken together, we propose that the ecological uniqueness of desert plant communities is regulated by environment filtering, neutral processes, and other unknown processes, where the soil and climate are primary drivers of uniqueness.

Key words: Chinese temperate desert, beta diversity, ecological uniqueness, environment filtering, soil, climate, community characteristics

王健铭, 雷训, 冯益明, 吴波, 卢琦, 何念鹏, 李景文 (2023) 中国温带荒漠植物群落生态特异性格局及其影响因素. 生物多样性, 31, 23144. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023144.

Jianming Wang, Xun Lei, Yiming Feng, Bo Wu, Qi Lu, Nianpeng He, Jingwen Li (2023) The ecological uniqueness of plant communities and their determinants across the temperate deserts of China. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23144. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023144.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023144

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I10/23144

图/表 6

图1 中国温带荒漠植物群落调查样点分布图

Fig. 1 Distribution of sampling sites across the temperate deserts of China

图2 不同生活型物种对beta多样性贡献的差异性(平均值 ± 标准误)。不同字母表示不同生活型物种之间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Difference in the species contribution to beta diversity (SCBD) among different life forms (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant differences among different life forms (P < 0.05).

图3 中国温带荒漠植物群落生态特异性随经度(a)、纬度(b)和海拔(c)的变化趋势

Fig. 3 Trends of the ecological uniqueness of plant communities across the temperate deserts of China along longitude (a), latitude (b) and altitude (c)

表1 单个环境因子与植物群落生态特异性的关系

Table 1 Relationship between the ecological uniqueness of plant communities and single environmental variable

变量 Variable	R²	斜率 Slope	P
物种丰富度 Species richness (SR)	0.044	US	< 0.0001
植物群落盖度 Plant community coverage (PCC)	0.036	US	< 0.0001
土壤含水量 Soil moisture (SM)	0.018	0.00002	< 0.0001
土壤总氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (TSN)	0.039	0.00003	< 0.0001
土壤pH值 Soil pH (pH)	0.080	US	< 0.0001
年均温 Mean annual temperature (MAT)	0.037	US	< 0.0001
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP)	0.074	US	< 0.0001
降水季节性 Precipitation seasonality (PS)	0.166	-0.396	< 0.0001
太阳辐射强度 Solar radiation (SRAD)	0.123	US	< 0.0001

图4 中国温带荒漠植物群落生态特异性随物种丰富度(a)、降水季节性(b)和太阳辐射强度(c)的变化趋势

Fig. 4 Trends of the ecological uniqueness of plant communities across the temperate deserts of China along species richness (a), precipitation seasonality (b) and solar radiation (c)

图5 不同变量对植物群落生态特异性的相对影响。(a)进入逐步回归模型中各个变量的效应估计值与95%置信区间; (b)经度、土壤和气候、群落特征(物种丰富度和植物群落盖度)的解释率。Longitude: 经度; SR: 物种丰富度; PCC: 植物群落盖度; SM: 土壤含水量; TSN: 土壤总氮含量; pH: 土壤pH值; MAT: 年均温; PS: 降水季节性。**, P < 0.001。

Fig. 5 Relative influence of different variables on the ecological uniqueness of plant communities. (a) Parameter estimates and the associated 95% confidence interval of each variable that enters into final models; (b) The explanation of longitude, soil and climate, community characteristics (species richness and plant community coverage) to the ecological uniqueness of plant communities. SR, Species richness; PCC, Plant community coverage; SM, Soil moisture; TSN, Soil total nitrogen content; pH, Soil pH; MAT, Mean annual temperature; PS, Precipitation seasonality. ***, P < 0.001.

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中国温带荒漠植物群落生态特异性格局及其影响因素

The ecological uniqueness of plant communities and their determinants across the temperate deserts of China

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