青藏高原高寒草甸植物花寿命对传粉环境的响应

doi:10.17520/biods.2018065

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 510-518. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018065

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全；传粉生物学

青藏高原高寒草甸植物花寿命对传粉环境的响应

王玉贤¹, 刘左军^1,^*(), 赵志刚², 侯盟², 张小瑞¹, 吕婉灵¹

1 兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院, 兰州 730050
2 兰州大学生命科学学院, 草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000

收稿日期:2018-02-27 接受日期:2018-04-26 出版日期:2018-05-20 发布日期:2018-09-11
通讯作者: 刘左军
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31570229)

Responses of floral longevity to pollination environments in 11 species from two alpine meadows

Yuxian Wang¹, Zuojun Liu^1,^*(), Zhigang Zhao², Meng Hou², Xiaorui Zhang¹, Wanling Lü¹

1 School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050
2 School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou 730000

Received:2018-02-27 Accepted:2018-04-26 Online:2018-05-20 Published:2018-09-11
Contact: Liu Zuojun
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

花寿命是指花保持开放且具有功能的时间长度。不同物种的花寿命具有显著的差异, 但一定程度上的可塑性反映了植物对传粉环境变化的适应性。本研究以青藏高原高寒草甸不同海拔(2,900 m和3,600 m)的11种开花植物为研究对象, 通过套袋、补充授粉以及自然授粉处理分别测量了植物的潜在花寿命、最短花寿命以及实际花寿命。分析了不同海拔植物花寿命的变异, 以及对套袋处理(潜在花寿命与实际花寿命之差)和补充授粉处理(实际花寿命与最短花寿命之差)的响应及其可塑性(潜在花寿命与最短花寿命之差)的变异。结果表明: 无论是高海拔还是低海拔, 套袋显著延长了花寿命, 而补充授粉显著缩短了花寿命, 即, 潜在花寿命>实际花寿命>最短花寿命。高海拔群落中植物的实际花寿命和潜在花寿命均显著延长, 而最短花寿命在海拔间差异不显著。相对于低海拔群落, 高海拔植物的花寿命对补充授粉处理更敏感, 花寿命的可塑性更大。本研究说明传粉者稀少的高寒环境中, 植物通过提高花寿命及其可塑性来增加授粉机会, 获得更高的适合度。

关键词: 高寒草甸, 花寿命, 可塑性, 授粉, 海拔

Abstract

Floral longevity, the length of time that a flower remains open and functional, varies greatly among species. The high plasticity of floral longevity can reflect an adaptation to variable pollination environments. In the alpine meadows of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (2,900 m vs. 3,600 m), we assessed how potential floral longevity, the shortest floral longevity and the actual floral longevity of 11 species varied under treatments of different pollination contexts. We modeled the response of floral longevity to pollinator exclusion (potential floral longevity minus actual floral longevity) and supplemental pollination (actual longevity minus shortest longevity), and the plasticity of floral longevity (potential longevity minus shortest longevity) at high and low altitude habitats. We found that the plants at the high-altitude community had longer potential floral longevity compared to the low-altitude community, while the shortest floral longevity was not significantly different. Furthermore, pollinator exclusion significantly increased flower longevity, while supplemental pollination significantly decreased floral longevity (i.e. the potential floral longevity > the actual floral longevity > the shortest floral longevity) in both high and low-altitude habitats. In comparison with the low-altitude community, high-altitude plants exhibited higher plasticity of floral longevity. Overall, our results suggest that greater plasticity of floral longevity may increase the opportunity for pollination and thus aid fitness at higher altitudes where pollinators are scarce and unpredictable.

Key words: alpine meadow, floral longevity, plasticity, pollination, altitude

王玉贤, 刘左军, 赵志刚, 侯盟, 张小瑞, 吕婉灵 (2018) 青藏高原高寒草甸植物花寿命对传粉环境的响应. 生物多样性, 26, 510-518. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018065.

Yuxian Wang, Zuojun Liu, Zhigang Zhao, Meng Hou, Xiaorui Zhang, Wanling Lü (2018) Responses of floral longevity to pollination environments in 11 species from two alpine meadows. Biodiversity Science, 26, 510-518. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018065.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018065

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I5/510

图/表 5

表1 物种、海拔(低海拔与高海拔)、处理(套袋、补充授粉及自然授粉)及它们的交互作用对群落1和2以及群落3和4花寿命的影响。群落1和2分别指低海拔和高海拔所有研究物种组成的群落, 群落3和4分别指低海拔和高海拔共有的研究物种组成的群落。运用一般线性混合效应模型检验这些因素的显著性并用粗体表示差异显著。

Table 1 The effect of species identity, elevation (low vs. high elevation), and pollination treatments (pollinator exclusion, supplemental pollinated, open-pollinated) and their interactions on flower longevity of studied species in community 1 & 2 (and community 3 & 4 ). The community 1 and 2 refer to the community that composed of all the research species at low and high altitudes, respectively, while the community 3 and 4 refer to the community of the mutual research species at low and high altitudes, respectively. Significant differences are examined from general linear mixed effect models at P < 0.05 and indicated in bold.

因素 Factor	花寿命 Floral longevity
	群落1和2 Community 1 & 2			群落3和4 Community 3 & 4
	Df	F	P	Df	F	P
截距 Intercept	1, 10	17,634.897	< 0.001	1, 9	23,757.518	< 0.001
物种 Species	10, 434	762.000	< 0.001	4, 269	1,121.932	< 0.001
海拔 Elevation	1, 437	50.519	< 0.001	1, 270	55.844	< 0.001
处理 Treatment	2, 433	200.241	< 0.001	2, 267	182.577	< 0.001
物种×海拔 Species × Elevation	4, 435	1.218	0.303	4, 269	1.350	0.252
物种×处理 Species × Treatment	18, 433	4.776	< 0.001	7, 267	5.668	< 0.001
海拔×处理 Elevation × Treatment	2, 433	4.316	0.014	2, 267	4.722	0.010
物种×海拔×处理 Species × Elevation × Treatment	7, 433	0.716	0.659	7, 267	0.791	0.596

表2 高海拔(3,600 m)和低海拔(2,900 m)的16个研究种群在套袋、自然授粉和补充授粉处理下的平均花寿命(天, 平均值±标准差), 同行不同字母表示在同一海拔下不同处理之间花寿命差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Table 2 Flower longevity (d, mean ± SD) of 16 research populations when flowers were either excluded from pollinators, open-pollinated or supplemental hand-pollinated at low (2,900 m) and high (3,600 m) elevations. Different letters in the same row at each floral longevity of different treatments indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

物种 Species	花寿命 Floral longevity
	低海拔 Low elevation (2,900 m )			高海拔 High elevation (3,500 m)
	套袋处理 Pollinator exclusion	自然授粉 Open pollination	补充授粉Supplemental pollination	套袋处理Pollinator exclusion	自然授粉 Open pollination	补充授粉Supplemental pollination
蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	5.2 ± 0.8^a	4.7 ± 0.6^a	-	6.5 ± 1.2^a	5.6 ± 0.8^b	-
甘青老鹳草 Geranium pylzowianum	4.4 ± 0.5^a	3.2 ± 0.4^b	2.8 ± 0.3^b	5.0 ± 0.5^a	3.8 ± 0.3^b	3.0 ± 0.3^c
钝裂银莲花 Anemone obtusiloba	9.8 ± 0.9^a	8.6 ± 1.1^b	7.6 ± 0.4^c	10.8 ± 0.8^a	9.4 ± 0.7^b	7.5 ± 0.6^c
莓叶委陵菜 Potentilla fragarioides	3.5 ± 0.4^a	2.8 ± 0.3^b	2.4 ± 0.3^c	3.8 ± 0.4^a	3.3 ± 0.3^b	2.8 ± 0.5^c
高原毛茛 Ranunculus tanguticus	9.4 ± 0.4^a	8.2 ± 0.8^b	7.7 ± 1.1^b	10.2 ± 0.7^a	8.9 ± 0.8^b	7.8 ± 0.6^c
狼毒 Stellera chamaejasme	14.3 ± 1.4^a	11.8 ± 1.4^b	-	-	-	-
鹅绒委陵菜 Potentilla anserina	4.5 ± 0.6^a	3.2 ± 0.5^b	3.1 ± 0.6^b	-	-	-
野草莓 Fragaria vesca	4.4 ± 0.7^a	4.3 ± 0.8^a	3.5 ± 0.5^b	-	-	-
华西委陵菜 Potentilla potaninii	3.3 ± 0.5^a	2.5 ± 0.6^b	2.2 ± 0.3^b	-	-	-
高山豆 Tibetia himalaica	4.1 ± 0.9^a	3.0 ± 0.5^b	2.8 ± 0.5^b	-	-	-
小花草玉梅 Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore	-	-	-	5.3 ± 0.8^a	4.6 ± 0.6^b	4.4 ± 1.0^b

物种 Species	花寿命 Floral longevity
	低海拔 Low elevation (2,900 m )			高海拔 High elevation (3,500 m)
	套袋处理 Pollinator exclusion	自然授粉 Open pollination	补充授粉Supplemental pollination	套袋处理Pollinator exclusion	自然授粉 Open pollination	补充授粉Supplemental pollination
蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	5.2 ± 0.8^a	4.7 ± 0.6^a	-	6.5 ± 1.2^a	5.6 ± 0.8^b	-
甘青老鹳草 Geranium pylzowianum	4.4 ± 0.5^a	3.2 ± 0.4^b	2.8 ± 0.3^b	5.0 ± 0.5^a	3.8 ± 0.3^b	3.0 ± 0.3^c
钝裂银莲花 Anemone obtusiloba	9.8 ± 0.9^a	8.6 ± 1.1^b	7.6 ± 0.4^c	10.8 ± 0.8^a	9.4 ± 0.7^b	7.5 ± 0.6^c
莓叶委陵菜 Potentilla fragarioides	3.5 ± 0.4^a	2.8 ± 0.3^b	2.4 ± 0.3^c	3.8 ± 0.4^a	3.3 ± 0.3^b	2.8 ± 0.5^c
高原毛茛 Ranunculus tanguticus	9.4 ± 0.4^a	8.2 ± 0.8^b	7.7 ± 1.1^b	10.2 ± 0.7^a	8.9 ± 0.8^b	7.8 ± 0.6^c
狼毒 Stellera chamaejasme	14.3 ± 1.4^a	11.8 ± 1.4^b	-	-	-	-
鹅绒委陵菜 Potentilla anserina	4.5 ± 0.6^a	3.2 ± 0.5^b	3.1 ± 0.6^b	-	-	-
野草莓 Fragaria vesca	4.4 ± 0.7^a	4.3 ± 0.8^a	3.5 ± 0.5^b	-	-	-
华西委陵菜 Potentilla potaninii	3.3 ± 0.5^a	2.5 ± 0.6^b	2.2 ± 0.3^b	-	-	-
高山豆 Tibetia himalaica	4.1 ± 0.9^a	3.0 ± 0.5^b	2.8 ± 0.5^b	-	-	-
小花草玉梅 Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore	-	-	-	5.3 ± 0.8^a	4.6 ± 0.6^b	4.4 ± 1.0^b

图1 高海拔(3,600 m)和低海拔(2,900 m) 5种共有物种的平均花寿命(平均值±标准差)的比较。* P < 0.05。

Fig. 1 The mean floral longevity (mean ± SD) of 5 mutual species at low (2,900 m) and high (3,600 m) elevation. * P < 0.05.

图2 群落3和4的研究物种在套袋、补充授粉以及自然授粉处理下的平均花寿命(平均值±标准差)的比较。* P < 0.05。

Fig. 2 The mean flower longevity (mean ± SD) of community 3 & 4 when flowers were either pollinator exclusion, supplemental pollination or open pollination. * P < 0.05.

图3 高海拔和低海拔5种共有物种的花寿命对套袋处理(A)及补充授粉(B)的响应以及花寿命可塑性(C)的变异。

Fig 3 Differences in responses of floral longevity to pollinator exclusion (A) and supplemental pollination (B) and the plasticity of flower longevity (C)in populations of five mutual plant species from low and high elevation.

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青藏高原高寒草甸植物花寿命对传粉环境的响应

Responses of floral longevity to pollination environments in 11 species from two alpine meadows

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