系统发育多样性在植物区系研究与 生物多样性保护中的应用

doi:10.17520/biods.2016183

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用系统发育关系从进化角度理解物种的组成、分布格局对可为有效保护和合理利用生物多样性提供科学依据。以支长为基础的系统发育多样性是最基本的测度指数, 由此衍生出的几十个参数加大了选择难度。根据具体研究的问题选择合适的指标, 是目前最为可行的方案, 已经在植物系统发育区系研究和生物多样性保护中取得了一系列研究成果。DNA序列迅速积累特别是DNA条形码项目在全球的大力发展, 提供了海量的标准化数据, 为构建解决能力较好的宏系统发育树提供了可能。但是围绕系统发育多样性开展的相关研究还需要更多的物种分布、环境因子、气候等基础数据, 同时对其在生态系统功能上的表征作用需要进一步验证。

关键词: 进化历史, DNA条形码, 宏系统发育树, 多样性, 区系, 保护

Abstract

The application of phylogenetic relationships helps us to understand species composition and species distribution patterns, which provide a scientific basis for the effective protection and sustainable use of biological diversity. Phylogenetic diversity (PD_faith), based on branch lengths of the phylogenetic tree, is the most basic measurement index. Many indices are derived from PD_faith, which makes difficult to choose the most appropriate parameters. The most effective and feasible way is to select suitable indices based on specific research questions, and some examples have been presented in plant phylofloristics and biodiversity conservation. DNA sequences have rapidly accumulated particularly through the global DNA barcoding project, which provides a standardized mass data, and can be used to reconstruct mega-phylogeny. But studies conducted around the phylogenetic diversity require more information, specifically data on species distribution, environmental factors, and climatic data. In addition, some fundamental questions need to be verified, such as the relationship between phylogenetic diversity and ecosystem functions.

Key words: evolutional history, DNA barcoding, megaphylogeny, biodiversity, flora, conservation

慈秀芹, 李捷 (2017) 系统发育多样性在植物区系研究与生物多样性保护中的应用. 生物多样性, 25, 175-181. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016183.

Xiuqin Ci,Jie Li (2017) Phylogenetic diversity and its application in floristics and biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity Science, 25, 175-181. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016183.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016183

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2017/V25/I2/175

参考文献 66

1	Abellán P, Sánchez-Fernández D, Picazo F, Millán A, Lobo JM, Ribera I (2013) Preserving the evolutionary history of freshwater biota in Iberian National Parks. Biological Conservation, 162, 116-126.
2	Ahrendsen DL, Aust SK, Kellar PR (2015) Biodiversity assessment using next-generation sequencing: comparison of phylogenetic and functional diversity between Nebraska grasslands. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 302, 89-108.
3	APG IV (2016) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181, 1-20.
4	Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Cavender-Bares J, Escobar F, Melo FPL, Tabarelli M, Santos BA (2012) Maintenance of tree phylogenetic diversity in a highly fragmented rain forest. Journal of Ecology, 100, 702-711.
5	Athayde EA, Cancian LF, Verdade LM, Morellato LPC (2015) Functional and phylogenetic diversity of scattered trees in an agricultural landscape: implications for conservation. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 199, 272-281.
6	Buerki S, Callmander MW, Bachman S, Moat J, Labat J-N, Forest F (2015) Incorporating evolutionary history into conservation planning in biodiversity hotspots. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370, 20140014.
7	Cadotte MW (2013) Experimental evidence that evolutionarily diverse assemblages result in higher productivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 110, 8996-9000.
8	Cadotte MW, Cardinale BJ, Oakley TH (2008) Evolutionary history and the effect of biodiversity on plant productivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 105, 17012-17017.
9	Cadotte MW, Dinnage R, Tilman D (2012) Phylogenetic diversity promotes ecosystem stability. Ecology, 93, S223-S233.
10	Cardinale BJ, Venail P, Gross K, Oakley TH, Narwani A, Allan E, Flombaum P, Joshi J, Reich PB, Tilman D, van Ruijven J (2015) Further re-analyses looking for effects of phylogenetic diversity on community biomass and stability. Functional Ecology, 29, 1607-1610.
11	Cavender-Bares J, Keen A, Miles B (2006) Phylogenetic structure of Floridian plant communities depends on taxonomic and spatial scale. Ecology, 87, 109-122.
12	Cavender-Bares J, Kozak KH, Fine PVA, Kembel SW (2009) The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic biology. Ecology Letters, 12, 693-715.
13	Chen ZD, Yang T, Lin L, Lu LM, Li HL, Sun M, Liu B, Chen M, Niu YT, Ye JF, Cao ZY, Liu HM, Wang XM, Wang W, Zhang JB, Meng Z, Cao W, Li JH, Wu SD, Zhao HL, Liu ZJ, Du ZY, Wang QF, Guo J, Tan XX, Su JX, Zhang LJ, Yang LL, Liao YY, Li MH, Zhang GQ, Chung SW, Zhang J, Xiang KL, Li RQ, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Zhou SL, Ran JH, Wang XQ, Jin XH, Chen YS, Gao TG, Li JH, Zhang SZ, Lu AM, China Phylogeny Consortium (2016) Tree of life for the genera of Chinese vascular plants. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 54, 277-306.
14	Chiu CH, Jost L, Chao A (2014) Phylogenetic beta diversity, similarity, and differentiation measures based on Hill numbers. Ecological Monographs, 84, 21-44.
15	Costion CM, Edwards W, Ford AJ, Metcalfe DJ, Cross HB, Harrington MG, Richardson JE, Hilbert DW, Lowe AJ, Crayn DM (2015) Using phylogenetic diversity to identify ancient rain forest refugia and diversification zones in a biodiversity hotspot. Diversity and Distributions, 21, 279-289.
16	Daru BH, le Roux PC (2016) Marine protected areas are insufficient to conserve global marine plant diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25, 324-334.
17	Davies TJ, Buckley LB (2012) Exploring the phylogenetic history of mammal species richness. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 1096-1105.
18	Davies TJ, Fritz SA, Grenyer R, Orme CD, Bielby J, Bininda-Emonds OR, Cardillo M, Jones KE, Gittleman JL, Mace GM, Purvis A (2008) Phylogenetic trees and the future of mammalian biodiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 105, 11556-11563.
19	Dinnage R, Cadotte MW, Haddad NM, Crutsinger GM, Tilman D (2012) Diversity of plant evolutionary lineages promotes arthropod diversity. Ecology Letters, 15, 1308-1317.
20	Faith DP (1992) Conservation evaluation and phylogenetic diversity. Biological Conservation, 61, 1-10.
21	Faith DP (2015) Phylogenetic diversity, functional trait diversity and extinction: avoiding tipping points and worst-case losses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370, 200140011.
22	Faith DP, Richards Z (2012) Climate change impacts on the Tree of Life: changes in phylogenetic diversity illustrated for Acropora Corals. Biology, 1, 906-932.
23	Faith DP, Baker AM (2006) Phylogenetic diversity (PD) and biodiversity conservation: some bioinformatics challenges. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online, 2, 121-128.
24	Fine PVA, Kembel SW (2011) Phylogenetic community structure and phylogenetic turnover across space and edaphic gradients in western Amazonian tree communities. Ecography, 34, 552-565.
25	Flynn DFB, Mirotchnick N, Jain M, Palmer MI, Naeem S (2011) Functional and phylogenetic diversity as predictors of biodiversity-ecosystem-function relationships. Ecology, 92, 1573-1581.
26	Forest F, Grenyer R, Rouget M, Davies TJ, Cowling RM, Faith DP, Balmford A, Manning JC, Procheş Ş, van der Bank M, Reeves G, Hedderson TAJ, Savolainen V (2007) Preserving the evolutionary potential of floras in biodiversity hotspots. Nature, 445, 757-760.
27	Frishkoff LO, Karp DS, M’Gonigle LK, Mendenhall CD, Zook J, Kremen C, Hadly EA, Daily GC (2014) Loss of avian phylogenetic diversity in neotropical agricultural systems. Science, 345, 1343-1346.
28	Ge XJ (2015) Application of DNA barcoding in phylofloristics study. Biodiversity Science, 23, 295-296.
	(in Chinese) [葛学军 (2015) DNA条形码在植物系统发育区系学研究中的应用. 生物多样性, 23, 295-296.]
29	González-Orozco CE, Mishler BD, Miller JT, Laffan SW, Knerr N, Unmack P, Georges A, Thornhill AH, Rosauer DF, Gruber B (2015) Assessing biodiversity and endemism using phylogenetic methods across multiple taxonomic groups. Ecology and Evolution, 5, 5177-5192.
30	Harrison S, Cornell H (2008) Toward a better understanding of the regional causes of local community richness. Ecology Letters, 11, 969-979.
31	Helmus MR, Bland TJ, Williams CK, Ives AR (2007) Phylogenetic measures of biodiversity. The American Naturalist, 169, E68-E83.
32	Honorio Coronado EN, Dexter KG, Pennington RT, Chave J, Lewis SL, Alexiades MN, Alvarez E, Alves de Oliveira A, Amaral IL, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Aymard GA, Baraloto C, Bonal D, Brienen R, Cerón C, Cornejo Valverde F, Di Fiore A, Farfan-Rios W, Feldpausch TR, Higuchi N, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Laurance SG, Laurance WF, López-Gonzalez G, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Neill D, Palacios Cuenca W, Peñuela Mora MC, Pitman NCA, Prieto A, Quesada CA, Ramirez Angulo H, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Salinas Revilla N, Salomão RP, Segalin de Andrade A, Silman MR, Spironello W, ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Toledo M, Valenzuela Gamarra L, Vieira ICG, Vilanova TE, Vos V, Phillips OL (2015) Phylogenetic diversity of Amazonian tree communities. Diversity and Distributions, 21, 1295-1307.
33	Isaac NJB, Turvey ST, Collen B, Waterman C, Baillie JEM (2007) Mammals on the EDGE: conservation priorities based on threat and phylogeny. PLoS ONE, 2, e296.
34	Jetz W, Thomas GH, Joy JB, Hartmann K, Mooers AO (2012) The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature, 491, 444-448.
35	Kembel SW, Hubbell SP (2006) The phylogenetic structure of a neotropical forest tree community. Ecology, 87, S86-S99.
36	Knapp S, Kühn I, Schweiger O, Klotz S (2008) Challenging urban species diversity: contrasting phylogenetic patterns across plant functional groups in Germany. Ecology Letters, 11, 1054-1064.
37	Laity T, Laffan SW, González-Orozco CE, Faith DP, Rosauer DF, Byrne M, Miller JT, Crayn D, Costion C, Moritz CC, Newport K (2015) Phylodiversity to inform conservation policy: an Australian example. Science of the Total Environment, 534, 131-143.
38	Li R, Kraft NJB, Yang J, Wang Y (2015) A phylogenetically informed delineation of floristic regions within a biodiversity hotspot in Yunnan, China. Scientific Reports, 5, 9396.
39	Mishler BD, Knerr N, González-Orozco CE, Thornhill AH, Laffan SW, Miller JT (2014) Phylogenetic measures of biodiversity and neo- and paleo-endemism in Australian Acacia. Nature Communications, 5, 4473.
40	Mouquet N, Devictor V, Meynard CN, Munoz F, Bersier L-F, Chave J, Couteron P, Dalecky A, Fontaine C, Gravel D, Hardy OJ, Jabot F, Lavergne S, Leibold M, Mouillot D, Münkemüller T, Pavoine S, Prinzing A, Rodrigues ASL, Rohr RP, Thébault E, Thuiller W (2012) Ecophylogenetics: advances and perspectives. Biological Reviews, 87, 769-785.
41	Pavoine S, Bonsall M (2011) Measuring biodiversity to explain community assembly: a unified approach. Biological Reviews, 86, 792-812.
42	Pio DV, Engler R, Linder HP, Monadjem A, Cotterill FPD, Taylor PJ, Schoeman MC, Price BW, Villet MH, Eick G, Salamin N, Guisan A (2014) Climate change effects on animal and plant phylogenetic diversity in southern Africa. Global Change Biology, 20, 1538-1549.
43	Pollock LJ, Rosauer DF, Thornhill AH, Kujala H, Crisp MD, Miller JT, McCarthy MA (2015) Phylogenetic diversity meets conservation policy: small areas are key to preserving eucalypt lineages. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370, 20140007.
44	Posadas P, Miranda Esquivel DR, Crisci JV (2001) Using phylogenetic diversity measures to set priorities in conservation: an example from southern South America. Conservation Biology, 15, 1325-1334.
45	Potter KM, Woodall CW (2014) Does biodiversity make a difference? Relationships between species richness, evolutionary diversity, and aboveground live tree biomass across U. S. forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 321, 117-129.
46	Qian H, Jiang L (2014) Phylogenetic community ecology: integrating community ecology and evolutionary biology. Journal of Plant Ecology, 7, 97-100.
47	Qian H, Swenson NG, Zhang JL (2013) Phylogenetic beta diversity of angiosperms in North America. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22, 1152-1161.
48	Rodrigues ASL, Gaston KJ (2002) Maximising phylogenetic diversity in the selection of networks of conservation areas. Biological Conservation, 105, 103-111.
49	Rodrigues ASL, Brooks TM, Gaston KJ (2005) Integrating phylogenetic diversity in the selection of priority areas for conservation: does it make a difference? In: Phylogeny and Conservation (eds Purvis A, Gittleman JL, Brooks TM), pp. 101-199. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
50	Rosauer DF, Laffan SW, Crisp MD, Donnellan SC, Cook LG (2009) Phylogenetic endemism: a new approach for identifying geographical concentrations of evolutionary history. Molecular Ecology, 18, 4061-4072.
51	Sarkar S, Pressey RL, Faith DP, Margules CR, Fuller T, Stoms DM, Moffett A, Wilson KA, Williams KL, Williams PH, Andelman S (2006) Biodiversity conservation planning tools: present status and challenges for the future. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 31, 123-159.?
52	Sechrest W, Brooks TM, da Fonseca GAB, Konstant WR, Mittermeier RA, Purvis A, Rylands AB, Gittleman JL (2002) Hotspots and the conservation of evolutionary history. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 99, 2067-2071.
53	Shapcott A, Forster PI, Guymer GP, McDonald WJF, Faith DP, Erickson D, Kress WJ (2015) Mapping biodiversity and setting conservation priorities for SE Queensland’s rainforests using DNA barcoding. PLoS ONE, 10, e0122164.
54	Srivastava DS, Cadotte MW, MacDonald AM, Marushia RG, Mirotchnick N (2012) Phylogenetic diversity and the functioning of ecosystems. Ecology Letters, 15, 637-648.
55	Swenson NG, Umana MN (2014) Phylofloristics: an example from the Lesser Antilles. Journal of Plant Ecology, 7, 166-175.
56	Thornhill AH, Mishler BD, Knerr NJ, González-Orozco CE, Costion CM, Crayn DM, Laffan SW, Miller JT (2016) Continental-scale spatial phylogenetics of Australian angiosperms provides insights into ecology, evolution and conservation. Journal of Biogeography, 43, 2085-2098
57	Tucker CM, Cadotte MW (2013) Unifying measures of biodiversity: understanding when richness and phylogenetic diversity should be congruent. Diversity and Distributions, 19, 845-854.
58	Tucker CM, Cadotte MW, Carvalho SB, Davies TJ, Ferrier S, Fritz SA, Grenyer R, Helmus MR, Jin LS, Mooers AO, Pavoine S, Purschke O, Redding DW, Rosauer DF, Winter M, Mazel F (2016) A guide to phylogenetic metrics for conservation, community ecology and macroecology. Biological Reviews, doi: 10.1111/brv.12252.
59	Vane-Wright RI, Humphries CJ, Williams PH (1991) What to protect? Systematics and the agony of choice. Biological Conservation, 55, 235-254.
60	Wang L, Young SS, Wang W, Ren G, Xiao W, Long Y, Li J, Zhu J (2016) Conservation priorities of forest ecosystems with evaluations of connectivity and future threats: implications in the Eastern Himalaya of China. Biological Conservation, 195, 128-135.
61	Webb CO, Donoghue MJ (2005) Phylomatic: tree assembly for applied phylogenetics. Molecular Ecology Notes, 5, 181-183.
62	Winter M, Devictor V, Schweiger O (2013) Phylogenetic diversity and nature conservation: where are we? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 28, 199-204.
63	Winter M, Schweiger O, Klotz S, Nentwig W, Andriopoulos P, Arianoutsou M, Basnou C, Delipetrou P, Didziulis V, Hejda M, Hulme PE, Lambdon PW, Pergl J, Pysek P, Roy DB, Kühn I (2009) Plant extinctions and introductions lead to phylogenetic and taxonomic homogenization of the European flora. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 106, 21721-21725.
64	Zanne AE, Tank DC, Cornwell WK, Eastman JM, Smith SA, FitzJohn RG, McGlinn DJ, O’Meara BC, Moles AT, Reich PB, Royer DL, Soltis DE, Stevens PF, Westoby M, Wright IJ, Aarssen L, Bertin RI, Calaminus A, Govaerts R, Hemmings F, Leishman MR, Oleksyn J, Soltis PS, Swenson NG, Warman L, Beaulieu JM (2014) Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments. Nature, 506, 89-92.
65	Zhang J, Nielsen SE, Stolar J, Chen Y, Thuiller W (2015) Gains and losses of plant species and phylogenetic diversity for a northern high-latitude region. Diversity and Distributions, 21, 1441-1454.
66	Zhang JL, Swenson NG, Chen SB, Liu XJ, Li ZS, Huang JH, Mi XC, Ma KP (2013) Phylogenetic beta diversity in tropical forests: implications for the roles of geographical and environmental distance. Journal of Systematic Evolution, 51, 71-85.

[1]	杨苗, 张杰, 白嘉伟, 郭建刚, 曲亚辉, 李会平. 雾灵山国家级自然保护区大型真菌物种多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(9): 1229-1235.
[2]	栗冬梅, 杨卫红, 李庆多, 韩茜, 宋秀平, 潘虹, 冯云. 巴尔通体在滇西南蝙蝠中高度流行并具有丰富的遗传变异特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(9): 1245-1255.
[3]	张爱梅, 殷一然, 孔维宝, 朱学泰, 杨颖丽. 西藏沙棘5种不同组织内生细菌多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(9): 1236-1244.
[4]	宋文宇, 李学友, 王洪娇, 陈中正, 何水旺, 蒋学龙. 三江并流区树线生境小型兽类多样性多维度评价及其保护启示[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(9): 1215-1228.
[5]	吴运佳, 程芸, 袁磊, 张诗, 张烁, 刘少创. 库木塔格沙漠地区野骆驼活动节律与家域特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(9): 1206-1214.
[6]	王子彤, 张鹗. 赣江鱼类物种更新名录[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(9): 1256-1264.
[7]	李俊洁, 刘欢欢, 吴杨雪, 曾凌达, 黄晓磊. 中国半翅目昆虫多样性和地理分布数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(9): 1154-1158.
[8]	李晟, 王大军, 陈祥辉, 卜红亮, 刘小庚, 靳彤. 四川老河沟保护地2011-2015年野生动物红外相机监测数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(9): 1170-1174.
[9]	程洁婕, 李美君, 袁桃花, 黄红, 杨桂丽, 白新祥. 中国野生杜鹃花属植物名录与地理分布数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(9): 1175-1180.
[10]	李盼盼, 佟一杰, 曹浩宇, 容国森, 覃诗晴, 杨星科, 王国全, 白明. 广西花坪SITE100样地甲虫标本照片数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(9): 1165-1169.
[11]	万霞, 张丽兵. 2020年发表的全球维管植物新种[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(8): 1003-1010.
[12]	邵桦, 杨京彪, 薛达元. 佤族传统文化在生物多样性保护中的作用[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(8): 1120-1127.
[13]	刘童祎, 陈静, 姜立云, 乔格侠. 中国半翅目等29目昆虫2020年新分类单元[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(8): 1050-1057.
[14]	马星, 王浩, 余蔚, 杜勇, 梁健超, 胡慧建, 邱胜荣, 刘璐. 基于MaxEnt模型分析广东省鸟类多样性热点分布及保护空缺[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(8): 1097-1107.
[15]	梁聪, 刘衎, 王小东, 黎树, 吴波, 向朋, 宋昭彬. 四川诺水河珍稀水生动物国家级自然保护区鱼类资源现状[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(7): 938-949.