罗布泊野骆驼的家域特征及其意义

doi:10.17520/biods.2015097

生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 314-320. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015097 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2015097

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

罗布泊野骆驼的家域特征及其意义

袁磊^1,³, 马浩², 程芸³, 杨欢², 萨根古丽³, Adiya Yadamsuren², 朱海涌⁴, 马友青², 王建林¹, 张烁², 马杏叶², 刁庆安³, 刘少创^2,^*()

1 (兰州大学生命科学学院, 兰州 730000)
2 (中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所, 北京 100094)
3 (罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区管理局, 乌鲁木齐 830011)
4 (新疆环境监测总站, 乌鲁木齐 830011)

收稿日期:2015-04-20 接受日期:2015-04-30 出版日期:2015-06-08 发布日期:2015-06-12
通讯作者: 刘少创
基金资助:
环保部新疆罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区综合科学考察项目(20100228)

Qualitative study of wild camels (Camelus ferus) home range in Lop Nur, China

Lei Yuan^1,³, Hao Ma², Yun Cheng³, Huan Yang², Guli SaGen³, Adiya Yadamsuren², Haiyong Zhu⁴, Youqing Ma², Jianlin Wang¹, Shuo Zhang², Xingye Ma², Qing’an Diao³, Shaochuang Liu^2,^*

1 School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
2 Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094
3 Bureau of Xinjiang Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve, Urumqi 830011
4 Xinjiang Environmental Monitoring Station, Urumqi 830011

Received:2015-04-20 Accepted:2015-04-30 Online:2015-06-08 Published:2015-06-12
Contact: Liu Shaochuang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

野双峰骆驼(Camelus ferus)生活在荒漠戈壁, 种群数量稀少, 栖息地地形复杂多样, 且有长距离迁徙习性, 目前对其家域面积和重要栖息地范围的研究只有定性描述。本研究于2012年5月至2013年7月, 在阿奇克谷地和阿尔金山北麓捕捉了8峰野骆驼并安装GPS卫星跟踪项圈, 分别获得了12-423天的13,748个GPS位点记录。研究结果表明, 8峰野骆驼的100%最小凸多边形(minimum convex polygons, MCP)家域面积分别为1,775-11,768 km², 总家域面积为32,821 km², 占罗布泊野骆驼分布区面积的23.1%, 平均家域面积为7,349 ± 1,323 km²。野骆驼个体家域面积季节间差异显著, 秋季最大, 其次是冬季和夏季, 春季最小, 秋季是春季的4.4倍。野骆驼在繁殖季节的家域平均面积为879 ± 320 km², 非繁殖季节为998 ± 106 km², 二者间无显著差异。除了项圈编码为135号的野骆驼和其他7峰野骆驼的家域没有重叠外, 其余7峰野骆驼的家域都有重叠。这7峰野骆驼的家域总面积是24,910 km², 占罗布泊野骆驼分布区总面积的17.5%, 重叠区面积是515 km²。鉴于野骆驼主要分布在阿奇克谷地及以南区域、阿尔金山北麓, 建议将罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区位于阿奇克谷地北山以北的核心区部分区域、磁海低地以南的山区和阿尔金山西部原为实验区的部分区域调整为缓冲区, 而将阿尔金山北麓至库姆塔格沙漠之间的戈壁地带原为缓冲区的部分区域调整为核心区。

关键词: Camelus ferus, 行为学, GPS项圈, 家域, 保护

Abstract

The home range of wild camels (Camelus ferus) was studied qualitatively using standard techniques. This study focused on the home range of wild camels in the Lop Nur, China using GPS satellite tracking collar technology. From May 2012 to July 2013, GPS collars were fitted to 8 wild camels in areas to the north of the Arjin Mountains and Aqik Valley, the most important habitat of the wild camel. The 100% minimum convex polygons (MCP) home range ranged from 1,775 to 11,768 km² with a mean range of 7,349 ± 1,323 km². The total square kilometers of the home range was 32,821 km², nearly 23.1% of the entire wild camel range in Lop Nur. Overlap in home range was common between different individuals. One individual was isolated compared to the other 7 individuals. The home range of these 7 individuals was 24,910 km², 17.5% of the entire wild camel range in Lop Nur. The overlapping area of the 7 individuals was 515 km². The home range area was largest in the autumn and smallest in the spring. The autumn home range was four times larger than that of the spring range. Home range was also affected by phonological phase of the individuals though the results were not significant. The range during breeding season was 879 ± 320 km² and 998 ± 106 km² in the anestrous season. The results of this study provide a preliminary description of the home range of wild camels in Lop Nur and provide a basis for adjustment of the current management plan for core zone and buffer zone in the Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve.

Key words: wild camel, behavior, GPS collar, home range, conservation

袁磊, 马浩, 程芸, 杨欢, 萨根古丽, Adiya Yadamsuren, 朱海涌, 马友青, 王建林, 张烁, 马杏叶, 刁庆安, 刘少创 (2015) 罗布泊野骆驼的家域特征及其意义. 生物多样性, 23, 314-320. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015097.

Lei Yuan, Hao Ma, Yun Cheng, Huan Yang, Guli SaGen, Adiya Yadamsuren, Haiyong Zhu, Youqing Ma, Jianlin Wang, Shuo Zhang, Xingye Ma, Qing’an Diao, Shaochuang Liu (2015) Qualitative study of wild camels (Camelus ferus) home range in Lop Nur, China. Biodiversity Science, 23, 314-320. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015097.

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https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2015/V23/I3/314

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参考文献 21

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个体 Individual	性别 Sex	记录点数 Record no.	调查时间 Survey time	100%最小凸多边形家域面积 100% MCP home range (km²)
No.937	雌 Female	349	12.5.5-13.6.27	11,724
No.475	雄 Male	1,980	12.10.3-13.3.16	7,108
No.568	雌 Female	3,371	12.9.21-13.7.2	6,408
No.135	雄 Male	2,451	12.9.19-13.4.25	1,775
No.482	雌 Female	2,660	12.9.22-13.5.16	6,941
No.911	雌 Female	797	12.5.5-12.12.15	11,768
No.450	雄 Male	2,129	12.10.3-13.4.2	5,720
No.155	雌 Female	11	12.5.5-12.5.17	3,826
全部8峰野骆驼 Total eight wild camels		13,748		32,821
全部7峰野骆驼(除去135号) Total seven wild camels (excluded No.135)		11,297		24,910

个体 Individual	性别 Sex	记录点数 Record no.	调查时间 Survey time	100%最小凸多边形家域面积 100% MCP home range (km²)
No.937	雌 Female	349	12.5.5-13.6.27	11,724
No.475	雄 Male	1,980	12.10.3-13.3.16	7,108
No.568	雌 Female	3,371	12.9.21-13.7.2	6,408
No.135	雄 Male	2,451	12.9.19-13.4.25	1,775
No.482	雌 Female	2,660	12.9.22-13.5.16	6,941
No.911	雌 Female	797	12.5.5-12.12.15	11,768
No.450	雄 Male	2,129	12.10.3-13.4.2	5,720
No.155	雌 Female	11	12.5.5-12.5.17	3,826
全部8峰野骆驼 Total eight wild camels		13,748		32,821
全部7峰野骆驼(除去135号) Total seven wild camels (excluded No.135)		11,297		24,910

编号 No.	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn		冬季 Winter
编号 No.	2012	2013	2012	2013	2012	2013	2012	2013
937	-	50	26	38	120	26	84	-
911	-	39	28	-	94	-	636	-
475	-	176	-	-	690	-	1,114	-
568	-	1,078	-	1,102	-	365	826	-
450	-	1,034	-	371	-	-	724	-
135	-	1,042	-	582	-	-	827	-
482	-	993	-	838	-	-	829	-

编号 No.	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn		冬季 Winter
编号 No.	2012	2013	2012	2013	2012	2013	2012	2013
937	-	50	26	38	120	26	84	-
911	-	39	28	-	94	-	636	-
475	-	176	-	-	690	-	1,114	-
568	-	1,078	-	1,102	-	365	826	-
450	-	1,034	-	371	-	-	724	-
135	-	1,042	-	582	-	-	827	-
482	-	993	-	838	-	-	829	-

	No.937	No.911	No.475	No.568	No.450	No.482	No.135	No.155
No.937	11,724	7,689	5,704	4,005	5,720	1,586	-	-
No.911	7,689	11,768	3,338	1,540	4,026	-	-	-
No.475	5,704	3,338	7,108	3,031	327	2,057	-	-
No.568	4,005	1,540	3,031	6,408	2,877	2,164	-	-
No.450	5,720	4,026	327	2,877	5,720	914	-	-
No.482	1,586	-	2,057	2,164	914	6,940	-	-
No.135	-	-	-	-	-	-	1,775	-
No.155	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3,826

罗布泊野骆驼的家域特征及其意义

Qualitative study of wild camels (Camelus ferus) home range in Lop Nur, China

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