生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 392-400. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13217
所属专题: 土壤生物与土壤健康
收稿日期:
2013-10-09
接受日期:
2014-03-18
出版日期:
2014-05-20
发布日期:
2014-06-04
通讯作者:
吴鹏飞
基金资助:
Cui Hua1, Pengfei Wu1,*(), Xianjin He1, Bo Zhu2
Received:
2013-10-09
Accepted:
2014-03-18
Online:
2014-05-20
Published:
2014-06-04
Contact:
Wu Pengfei
摘要:
为了研究不同秸秆还田量对紫色土区土壤线虫群落的影响, 作者于2011年5月和9月对川中丘陵区的100% (RMW1)、50%(RMW2)、30%(RMW3)和空白对照(CK)4种秸秆还田量的农田土壤线虫进行了调查。结果发现, 随着秸秆还田量的下降, 土壤线虫的群落结构有一定变化。总体上, 群落密度、食真菌类群和捕食-杂食类群的密度呈波动增加; 食细菌类群的密度持续增加; 植物寄生类群密度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、植物寄生成熟指数(PPI)和瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)呈先增加后下降的变化趋势, 且多样性指数在秸秆还田量为30-50%之间最高; 类群数、自由生活成熟指数(MI)、线虫通路比值(CR)则先下降后增加; 所有变化均不显著(P > 0.05)。土壤速效钾含量随秸秆还田量的增加显著提高(P < 0.05), 且与线虫群落多样性指数呈显著负相关(P < 0.05)。研究结果表明, 在紫色土区秸秆还田主要是通过改变土壤钾含量对土壤线虫群落产生影响, 且秸秆还田量在30-50%之间时有利于维持线虫群落多样性。
华萃, 吴鹏飞, 何先进, 朱波 (2014) 紫色土区不同秸秆还田量对土壤线虫群落的影响. 生物多样性, 22, 392-400. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13217.
Cui Hua, Pengfei Wu, Xianjin He, Bo Zhu (2014) Effects of different amounts of straw returning treatments on soil nematode community in purple soil. Biodiversity Science, 22, 392-400. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13217.
项目 Item | 有机质 Soil organic material (g/kg) | 全氮 Total N (g/kg) | 有效磷 Available P (mg/kg) | 速效钾 Available K (mg/kg) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RMW1 | 14.52±0.43a | 1.01±0.04a | 12.25±0.25a | 144.50±8.86a | 8.31±0.09a |
RMW2 | 13.07±0.85a | 0.87±0.03b | 10.75±0.63a | 126.75±2.10a | 8.42±0.06a |
RMW3 | 12.68±0.20a | 0.89±0.00b | 10.00±0.41a | 104.75±5.88ab | 8.26±0.06a |
CK | 12.10±0.73a | 0.87±0.04b | 11.00±0.71a | 106.50±1.19b | 8.34±0.05a |
F | 2.87 | 4.02 | 3.11 | 11.89 | 1.10 |
P | >0.05 | <0.05 | >0.05 | <0.01 | >0.05 |
表1 紫色土区不同秸秆还田处理土壤样品的化学性质(n=16)
Table 1 Soil chemical properties of different amounts of straw returning treatments in purple soil (n=16)
项目 Item | 有机质 Soil organic material (g/kg) | 全氮 Total N (g/kg) | 有效磷 Available P (mg/kg) | 速效钾 Available K (mg/kg) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RMW1 | 14.52±0.43a | 1.01±0.04a | 12.25±0.25a | 144.50±8.86a | 8.31±0.09a |
RMW2 | 13.07±0.85a | 0.87±0.03b | 10.75±0.63a | 126.75±2.10a | 8.42±0.06a |
RMW3 | 12.68±0.20a | 0.89±0.00b | 10.00±0.41a | 104.75±5.88ab | 8.26±0.06a |
CK | 12.10±0.73a | 0.87±0.04b | 11.00±0.71a | 106.50±1.19b | 8.34±0.05a |
F | 2.87 | 4.02 | 3.11 | 11.89 | 1.10 |
P | >0.05 | <0.05 | >0.05 | <0.01 | >0.05 |
类群 Group | RMW1 | RMW2 | RMW3 | CK | 合计 Total | 营养类群 Trophic group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
矛线目 Dorylaimida | ||||||
垫咽属 Tylencholaimus | 95 | 141 | 92 | 147 | 475 | Fu4 |
大矛属 Enchodelus | 16 | 15 | 34 | 37 | 102 | PO4 |
剑属 Xiphinema | 25 | 40 | 26 | 27 | 118 | Pl4 |
短体长针属 Longidorella | 18 | 18 | 16 | 20 | 72 | Pl4 |
长针属 Longidorus | 0 | 12 | 0 | 5 | 17 | Pl4 |
矛线属 Dorylaimus | 30 | 39 | 22 | 21 | 112 | PO4 |
中矛线属 Mesodorylaimus | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | PO4 |
无咽属 Alaimus | 1 | 24 | 19 | 2 | 46 | Ba4 |
穿咽属 Nygolaimus | 5 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 19 | PO5 |
小计 Total | 190 | 289 | 210 | 277 | 966 | |
单齿目 Mononchida | ||||||
锯齿属 Prionchulus | 87 | 54 | 20 | 104 | 265 | PO4 |
锉齿属 Mylonchulus | 30 | 58 | 33 | 67 | 188 | PO4 |
基齿属 Iotonchus | 3 | 6 | 8 | 15 | 32 | PO4 |
单齿属 Mononchus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | PO4 |
小计 Total | 120 | 118 | 61 | 187 | 486 | |
窄咽目 Araeolaimida | ||||||
柱咽属 Cylindrolaimus | 20 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 74 | Ba3 |
管咽属 Aulolaimus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 25 | Ba3 |
巴氏属 Bastiania | 10 | 22 | 21 | 32 | 85 | Ba3 |
绕线属 Plectus | 15 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 19 | Ba2 |
杆咽属 Rhabdolaimus | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 7 | Ba3 |
小计 Total | 45 | 41 | 43 | 81 | 210 | |
嘴刺目 Enoplida | ||||||
托布利属 Tobrilus | 0 | 74 | 29 | 13 | 116 | PO3 |
三孔属 Tripyla | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | PO3 |
小计 Total | 0 | 74 | 29 | 14 | 117 | |
色矛目 Chromadorida | ||||||
异色矛属 Achromadora | 3 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 13 | PO3 |
色矛属 Chromadorita | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | PO3 |
小计 Total | 3 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 15 | |
单宫目 Monhysterida | ||||||
单宫属 Monhystera | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 11 | Ba1 |
小计 Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 11 | |
小杆目 Rhabditida | ||||||
原杆属 Protorhabditis | 17 | 67 | 79 | 62 | 225 | Ba1 |
明杆属 Rhabditophanes | 18 | 9 | 6 | 14 | 47 | Ba1 |
小杆属 Rhabditis | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Ba1 |
齿咽属 Odontopharynx | 21 | 13 | 0 | 31 | 65 | Ba1 |
后双胃属 Metadiplogaster | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | Ba1 |
伪杆咽属 Rhabdontolaimus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | Ba1 |
头叶属 Cephalobus | 9 | 3 | 19 | 2 | 33 | Ba2 |
鹿角唇属 Cervidellus | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 9 | Ba2 |
伪双胃属 Pseudodiplogasteroide | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | Ba1 |
盆咽属 Panagrolaimus | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | Ba1 |
小计 Total | 67 | 97 | 111 | 121 | 396 | |
垫刃目 Tylenchida | ||||||
短体属 Pratylenchus | 23 | 28 | 47 | 7 | 105 | Pl3 |
根潜属 Hirschmanniella | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Pl3 |
针属 Paratylenchus | 10 | 10 | 31 | 7 | 58 | Pl2 |
伪垫刃属 Nothotylenchus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 9 | Fu2 |
刺属 Belonolaimus | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | Pl3 |
柄端球属 Paurodontus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Fu2 |
小计 Total | 35 | 40 | 78 | 26 | 179 | |
总个体数 Total individuals | 460 | 659 | 539 | 722 | 2,380 | |
总类群数 Total group number | 22 | 23 | 23 | 36 | 39 |
表2 紫色土区不同秸秆还田量下土壤线虫组成及数量(条/100 g干土)
Table 2 Composition and quantity of soil nematode under different amounts of straw returning treatments in purple soil
类群 Group | RMW1 | RMW2 | RMW3 | CK | 合计 Total | 营养类群 Trophic group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
矛线目 Dorylaimida | ||||||
垫咽属 Tylencholaimus | 95 | 141 | 92 | 147 | 475 | Fu4 |
大矛属 Enchodelus | 16 | 15 | 34 | 37 | 102 | PO4 |
剑属 Xiphinema | 25 | 40 | 26 | 27 | 118 | Pl4 |
短体长针属 Longidorella | 18 | 18 | 16 | 20 | 72 | Pl4 |
长针属 Longidorus | 0 | 12 | 0 | 5 | 17 | Pl4 |
矛线属 Dorylaimus | 30 | 39 | 22 | 21 | 112 | PO4 |
中矛线属 Mesodorylaimus | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | PO4 |
无咽属 Alaimus | 1 | 24 | 19 | 2 | 46 | Ba4 |
穿咽属 Nygolaimus | 5 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 19 | PO5 |
小计 Total | 190 | 289 | 210 | 277 | 966 | |
单齿目 Mononchida | ||||||
锯齿属 Prionchulus | 87 | 54 | 20 | 104 | 265 | PO4 |
锉齿属 Mylonchulus | 30 | 58 | 33 | 67 | 188 | PO4 |
基齿属 Iotonchus | 3 | 6 | 8 | 15 | 32 | PO4 |
单齿属 Mononchus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | PO4 |
小计 Total | 120 | 118 | 61 | 187 | 486 | |
窄咽目 Araeolaimida | ||||||
柱咽属 Cylindrolaimus | 20 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 74 | Ba3 |
管咽属 Aulolaimus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 25 | Ba3 |
巴氏属 Bastiania | 10 | 22 | 21 | 32 | 85 | Ba3 |
绕线属 Plectus | 15 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 19 | Ba2 |
杆咽属 Rhabdolaimus | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 7 | Ba3 |
小计 Total | 45 | 41 | 43 | 81 | 210 | |
嘴刺目 Enoplida | ||||||
托布利属 Tobrilus | 0 | 74 | 29 | 13 | 116 | PO3 |
三孔属 Tripyla | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | PO3 |
小计 Total | 0 | 74 | 29 | 14 | 117 | |
色矛目 Chromadorida | ||||||
异色矛属 Achromadora | 3 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 13 | PO3 |
色矛属 Chromadorita | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | PO3 |
小计 Total | 3 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 15 | |
单宫目 Monhysterida | ||||||
单宫属 Monhystera | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 11 | Ba1 |
小计 Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 11 | |
小杆目 Rhabditida | ||||||
原杆属 Protorhabditis | 17 | 67 | 79 | 62 | 225 | Ba1 |
明杆属 Rhabditophanes | 18 | 9 | 6 | 14 | 47 | Ba1 |
小杆属 Rhabditis | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Ba1 |
齿咽属 Odontopharynx | 21 | 13 | 0 | 31 | 65 | Ba1 |
后双胃属 Metadiplogaster | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | Ba1 |
伪杆咽属 Rhabdontolaimus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | Ba1 |
头叶属 Cephalobus | 9 | 3 | 19 | 2 | 33 | Ba2 |
鹿角唇属 Cervidellus | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 9 | Ba2 |
伪双胃属 Pseudodiplogasteroide | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | Ba1 |
盆咽属 Panagrolaimus | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | Ba1 |
小计 Total | 67 | 97 | 111 | 121 | 396 | |
垫刃目 Tylenchida | ||||||
短体属 Pratylenchus | 23 | 28 | 47 | 7 | 105 | Pl3 |
根潜属 Hirschmanniella | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Pl3 |
针属 Paratylenchus | 10 | 10 | 31 | 7 | 58 | Pl2 |
伪垫刃属 Nothotylenchus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 9 | Fu2 |
刺属 Belonolaimus | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | Pl3 |
柄端球属 Paurodontus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Fu2 |
小计 Total | 35 | 40 | 78 | 26 | 179 | |
总个体数 Total individuals | 460 | 659 | 539 | 722 | 2,380 | |
总类群数 Total group number | 22 | 23 | 23 | 36 | 39 |
图1 紫色土区不同秸秆还田量土壤线虫群落和各营养类群的密度(平均值±标准误)
Fig. 1 Densities of nematode community and each trophic group of different amounts of straw returning treatments in purple soil (Mean±SE)
项目 Item | 线虫群落 Community | 食细菌类群Bacterivores | 食真菌类群Fungivores | 植物寄生类群 Plant-parasites | 捕食-杂食类群Predators-Omnivores | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | |||||
月份 Month | 1.86 | 0.20 | 0.67 | 0.43 | 11.39 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.63 | 0.01 | 0.97 | ||||
处理 Treatment | 0.56 | 0.65 | 0.55 | 0.66 | 0.16 | 0.92 | 1.63 | 0.24 | 0.70 | 0.57 | ||||
月份×处理 Month×Treatment | 0.43 | 0.74 | 0.64 | 0.60 | 0.67 | 0.59 | 0.20 | 0.90 | 0.32 | 0.81 |
表3 紫色土区土壤线虫群落和营养类群密度的重复测量方差分析
Table 3 Repeated measurement analysis on the nematode densities at community and trophic-group levels in purple soil
项目 Item | 线虫群落 Community | 食细菌类群Bacterivores | 食真菌类群Fungivores | 植物寄生类群 Plant-parasites | 捕食-杂食类群Predators-Omnivores | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | |||||
月份 Month | 1.86 | 0.20 | 0.67 | 0.43 | 11.39 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.63 | 0.01 | 0.97 | ||||
处理 Treatment | 0.56 | 0.65 | 0.55 | 0.66 | 0.16 | 0.92 | 1.63 | 0.24 | 0.70 | 0.57 | ||||
月份×处理 Month×Treatment | 0.43 | 0.74 | 0.64 | 0.60 | 0.67 | 0.59 | 0.20 | 0.90 | 0.32 | 0.81 |
图2 紫色土区不同秸秆还田处理土壤线虫群落多样性及生态指数(平均值±标准误)
Fig. 2 Diversity and ecological indices of soil nematode community of different amounts of straw returning treatments in purple soil (Mean±SE)
项目 Item | 类群数 Group number | Shannon-Wiener多 样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H') | 自由生活成熟指数 Free-living nematode maturity index (MI) | 植物寄生成 熟指数 Plant-parasite Index (PPI) | 线虫通路 比值 Channel ratio (CR) | 瓦斯乐斯 卡指数 Wasilewska index (WI) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | ||||||
月份 Month | 0.49 | 0.50 | 3.40 | 0.09 | 6.89 | 0.02 | 1.57 | 0.23 | 6.60 | 0.02 | 3.49 | 0.09 | |||||
处理 Treatment | 2.19 | 0.14 | 0.99 | 0.43 | 3.23 | 0.06 | 3.43 | 0.05 | 0.84 | 0.50 | 0.41 | 0.75 | |||||
月份×处理 Month×Treatment | 0.86 | 0.49 | 0.91 | 0.46 | 2.75 | 0.09 | 1.25 | 0.34 | 0.91 | 0.47 | 1.81 | 0.20 |
表4 紫色土区土壤线虫群落多样性及生态指数的重复测量方差分析
Table 4 Repeated measurement analysis on the diversity and ecological indices of soil nematode communities in purple soil
项目 Item | 类群数 Group number | Shannon-Wiener多 样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H') | 自由生活成熟指数 Free-living nematode maturity index (MI) | 植物寄生成 熟指数 Plant-parasite Index (PPI) | 线虫通路 比值 Channel ratio (CR) | 瓦斯乐斯 卡指数 Wasilewska index (WI) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | ||||||
月份 Month | 0.49 | 0.50 | 3.40 | 0.09 | 6.89 | 0.02 | 1.57 | 0.23 | 6.60 | 0.02 | 3.49 | 0.09 | |||||
处理 Treatment | 2.19 | 0.14 | 0.99 | 0.43 | 3.23 | 0.06 | 3.43 | 0.05 | 0.84 | 0.50 | 0.41 | 0.75 | |||||
月份×处理 Month×Treatment | 0.86 | 0.49 | 0.91 | 0.46 | 2.75 | 0.09 | 1.25 | 0.34 | 0.91 | 0.47 | 1.81 | 0.20 |
图3 紫色土区土壤线虫群落主成分分析排序图。各属的中文名见表2。
Fig. 3 Ordinations of principle components analysis performed on soil nematode communities in purple soil. The Chinese name of each genera was showed in Table 2.
项目 Item | 有机质 Soil organic matter | 全氮 Total N | 有效磷 Available P | 速效钾 Available K | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC1得分 PC1 scores | -0.10 | -0.23 | -0.55* | -0.38 | -0.30 |
PC2得分 PC2 scores | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.39 | 0.01 | -0.33 |
总密度 Total density | -0.18 | -0.26 | -0.51* | -0.21 | -0.20 |
食细菌类群 Bacterivores | -0.41 | -0.36 | -0.53* | -0.43 | -0.28 |
食真菌类群 Fungivores | -0.01 | -0.16 | -0.41 | -0.17 | -0.22 |
植物寄生类群 Plant-parasites | 0.04 | -0.02 | -0.51* | -0.21 | -0.30 |
捕食-杂食类群 Predators-Omnivores | -0.05 | -0.25 | -0.21 | -0.04 | 0.00 |
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H') | -0.40 | -0.42 | -0.32 | -0.57* | -0.37 |
类群数 Group number | -0.31 | -0.14 | -0.19 | -0.52* | -0.30 |
自由生活成熟指数 Free-living nematode maturity index (MI) | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.11 |
植物寄生成熟指数 Plant-parasite index (PPI) | 0.24 | 0.01 | -0.04 | 0.10 | -0.12 |
线虫通路比值 Channel ratio (CR) | -0.37 | -0.25 | 0.01 | -0.26 | -0.21 |
瓦斯乐斯卡指数 Wasilewska index (WI) | -0.39 | -0.43 | 0.12 | -0.31 | -0.17 |
表5 紫色土区土壤线虫群落与土壤性质相关关系
Table 5 Correlation coefficients between soil properties and soil nematode communities
项目 Item | 有机质 Soil organic matter | 全氮 Total N | 有效磷 Available P | 速效钾 Available K | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC1得分 PC1 scores | -0.10 | -0.23 | -0.55* | -0.38 | -0.30 |
PC2得分 PC2 scores | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.39 | 0.01 | -0.33 |
总密度 Total density | -0.18 | -0.26 | -0.51* | -0.21 | -0.20 |
食细菌类群 Bacterivores | -0.41 | -0.36 | -0.53* | -0.43 | -0.28 |
食真菌类群 Fungivores | -0.01 | -0.16 | -0.41 | -0.17 | -0.22 |
植物寄生类群 Plant-parasites | 0.04 | -0.02 | -0.51* | -0.21 | -0.30 |
捕食-杂食类群 Predators-Omnivores | -0.05 | -0.25 | -0.21 | -0.04 | 0.00 |
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H') | -0.40 | -0.42 | -0.32 | -0.57* | -0.37 |
类群数 Group number | -0.31 | -0.14 | -0.19 | -0.52* | -0.30 |
自由生活成熟指数 Free-living nematode maturity index (MI) | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.11 |
植物寄生成熟指数 Plant-parasite index (PPI) | 0.24 | 0.01 | -0.04 | 0.10 | -0.12 |
线虫通路比值 Channel ratio (CR) | -0.37 | -0.25 | 0.01 | -0.26 | -0.21 |
瓦斯乐斯卡指数 Wasilewska index (WI) | -0.39 | -0.43 | 0.12 | -0.31 | -0.17 |
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