生物多样性 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 658-665. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08048
所属专题: 青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全
赵广华1,2, 田瑜3, 唐志尧1,*(), 李俊生3, 曾辉1,2
收稿日期:
2013-02-24
接受日期:
2013-06-13
出版日期:
2013-11-20
发布日期:
2013-12-02
通讯作者:
唐志尧
基金资助:
Guanghua Zhao1,2, Yu Tian3, Zhiyao Tang1,*(), Junsheng Li3, Hui Zeng1,2
Received:
2013-02-24
Accepted:
2013-06-13
Online:
2013-11-20
Published:
2013-12-02
Contact:
Tang Zhiyao
摘要:
截至2011年底, 中国共建立了2,640个自然保护区, 覆盖了约15%的国土面积, 其中包括318个国家级陆地自然保护区, 但目前缺乏对中国陆地自然保护区分布与自然环境及社会经济状况关系的研究。作者利用地理信息系统手段分析了中国现有国家级陆地自然保护区的分布格局及其与人类活动强度和自然环境的关系。结果表明: 中国国家级陆地自然保护区在县级水平上覆盖不平衡, 共有2,150个县级行政区(占总数的91%)的覆盖率小于10%, 其中150个(6%)覆盖率<1%, 1,726个(73%)无保护区。自然保护区覆盖率在高海拔、低温干燥以及植被生产力较低的区域较大, 而在低海拔、高温潮湿以及植被生产力较高的区域较低; 在人为活动较弱的地区较大, 而在人为活动较强的地区较低。中国现有陆地自然保护区大部分设置在人类活动较少的高寒山区或干旱区, 而在人类活动强度大的低海拔、高生产力地区保护区覆盖率过低; 自然保护区的这种设置模式有利于增加中国自然保护区的覆盖率, 然而在人为活动并不强烈的地区设立保护区的紧迫性也不如自然条件优越的地区。因此, 在目前中国自然保护区覆盖面积已经接近15%的背景下, 新增自然保护区的设置方案需要进一步优化。
赵广华, 田瑜, 唐志尧, 李俊生, 曾辉 (2013) 中国国家级陆地自然保护区分布及其与人类活动和自然环境的关系. 生物多样性, 21, 658-665. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08048.
Guanghua Zhao,Yu Tian,Zhiyao Tang,Junsheng Li,Hui Zeng (2013) Distribution of terrestrial national nature reserves in relation to human activities and natural environments in China. Biodiversity Science, 21, 658-665. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08048.
图3 中国不同人口密度(a), 耕地比例(b)以及人均GDP(c)县域平均国家级自然保护区覆盖率
Fig. 3 Average coverage of national nature reserves in counties at different levels of population density (a), coverage of cropland (b), and GDP per capita (c).
图8 中国国家级自然保护区面积(a)及覆盖率(b)沿植被净初级生产力(MODIS-NPP)的变化趋势
Fig. 8 Area (a) and coverage (b) of nature reserves along vegetation productivity (MODIS-NPP) in China
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