生物多样性公益捐赠对《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023‒2030年)》的贡献

doi:10.17520/biods.2025269

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 25269. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025269 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025269

• 生物多样性保护融资与企业参与专题 • 上一篇下一篇

生物多样性公益捐赠对《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023‒2030年)》的贡献

杨方义¹^,^*()(), 靳彤²(), 申小莉³, 张立⁴(), 杨彪⁵

1.苏州高新区碳中和国际研究院, 江苏苏州 215011
2.世界银行驻华代表处, 北京 100020
3.中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093
4.北京师范大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875
5.北京市企业家环保基金会, 北京 100089

收稿日期:2025-07-13 接受日期:2025-12-26 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-01-21
通讯作者: 杨方义
基金资助:
公民生物多样性保护联盟CBD支持项目

The contribution of philanthropic funding to China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023‒2030)

Fangyi Yang¹^,^*()(), Tong Jin²(), Xiaoli Shen³, Li Zhang⁴(), Biao Yang⁵

1 International Academy of Carbon Neutrality at Suzhou High-tech District, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215011, China
2 China Representative Office, World Bank Group, Beijing 100020, China
3 Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
4 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
5 SEE Foundation, Beijing 100089, China

Received:2025-07-13 Accepted:2025-12-26 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-01-21
Contact: Fangyi Yang
Supported by:
CBD initiative of Civil Society Alliance for Biodiversity Conservation

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

非国家行为体(non-state actors)参与生物多样性治理是落实《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》和《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023‒2030年)》的关键路径和重要组成部分。生物多样性公益捐赠资金能够推动非国家行为体参与生物多样性治理, 弥补生物多样性公共资金不足。联合国《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会(COP15)为中国非国家行为体参与生物多样性治理提供了机遇。2021年, 中国10家非国家行为体组织在COP15第一阶段会议期间承诺2030年前动员25.5亿元人民币公益捐赠用于生物多样性保护。本文系统梳理过去5年中国非国家行为体生物多样性公益捐赠的进展及成效。2020‒2024年间, 11家规模较大的公益基金会与生物多样性相关的公益支出为34.3亿元人民币, 其中, 7家参与COP15承诺的基金会共计投入15.5亿元公益捐赠用于生物多样性保护, 现已完成2030年承诺目标的60.7%。这些生物多样性公益捐赠支持了非国家行为体组织在受威胁物种保护、栖息地和重要区域的保护和修复、推动生物多样性主流化等领域开展了大量卓有成效的工作。研究发现当前中国生物多样性公益捐赠具有一定局限性, 例如较高比例的资金用于造林为主的生态系统恢复、与企业和公共资金的协同不足。本文建议中国生物多样性公益捐赠应加强与国家行动的协同, 推动企业参与生物多样性保护, 共同致力于推动实现中国生物多样性保护目标和《昆蒙框架》行动目标。

关键词: 生物多样性公益捐赠, 昆蒙框架, 生物多样性保护战略与行动计划

Abstract

Background & Aims: Both the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) and China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023‒2030) (China’s NBSAP) have highlighted the engagement of non-state actors in biodiversity conservation. Philanthropic funding provided to non-state actors for biodiversity conservation purposes can significantly fill the public funding gap. The Fifteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity provided a unique opportunity for Chinese non-state actors to conserve China’s biodiversity. In 2021, during the first phase of COP15 in Kunming, a coalition of 10 Chinese non-state actors pledged to mobilize RMB 2.55 billion (USD 359 million) for biodiversity conservation by 2030.

Method: The study provides a systematic analysis by tracking the spending, outputs and outcomes of the pledge made in COP15 over the past five years, offering a systematic analysis of how biodiversity philanthropic funding in China has been mobilized and what results have been attained.

Results: During 2020‒2024, 11 major biodiversity-related philanthropic foundations invested a total of RMB 3.43 billion (USD 481 million) on biodiversity conservation activities. Among them, the seven foundations that made funding pledge at COP15 have spent RMB 1.55 billion (USD 217 million), equivalent to 60.7% of the total pledged amount. This funding has enabled non-state actors to deliver tangible results in the conservation of threatened species, habitat and area-based conservation, and biodiversity mainstreaming in China. The study also identified limitations of China’s conservation philanthropic funding: a disproportionate share of funding has flowed to afforestation-based “ecological restoration”, while comparatively less has been allocated to aligning with national programs or transforming private sector’s business models.

Conclusion: The study recommends that Chinese philanthropic funding should deepen collaboration with government-led biodiversity conservation initiatives to achieve the targets and goals of the NBSAP, and that transforming private sectors’ business models toward nature positivity should also be prioritized.

Key words: conservation philanthropic funding, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)

杨方义, 靳彤, 申小莉, 张立, 杨彪 (2026) 生物多样性公益捐赠对《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023‒2030年)》的贡献. 生物多样性, 34, 25269. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025269.

Fangyi Yang, Tong Jin, Xiaoli Shen, Li Zhang, Biao Yang (2026) The contribution of philanthropic funding to China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023‒2030). Biodiversity Science, 34, 25269. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025269.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025269

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I1/25269

图/表 4

参考文献 15

[1]	California Environmental Associate (2021) A Decade of Ocean Funding: Landscape Trends 2010-2020. https://oursharedseas.com/funding/. (accessed on 2025-09-10)
[2]	Cavalcante AFM, Negacz K, Pattberg P (2025) Biodiversity governance in Latin America: Analyzing the role and relevance of non-state and sub-national cooperative initiatives. Biological Conservation, 305, 111053. DOI URL
[3]	Deutz A, Heal GM, Niu R, Swanson E, Townshend T, Zhu L, Delmar A, Meghji A, Sethi SA, Tobin-de la Puente J (2020) Financing Nature: Closing the Global Biodiversity Financing Gap. The Paulson Institute, the Nature Conservancy, and the Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability. https://www.paulsoninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/financing-nature_full-report_final-with-endorsements_101420.pdf/. (accessed on 2026-1-17)
[4]	Gruby RL, Enrici A, Betsill M, Le Cornu E, Basurto X (2021) Opening the black box of conservation philanthropy: A co-produced research agenda on private foundations in marine conservation. Marine Policy, 132, 104645. DOI URL
[5]	Gruby RL, Miller DC, Enrici A, Garrick D (2023) Conservation philanthropy: Growing the field of research and practice. Conservation Science and Practice, 5, e12977.
[6]	Institute for Philanthropy of Tsinghua University (2024) China Giving Report. (in Chinese)
	[清华大学公益慈善研究院 (2024) 中国慈善捐赠报告.] https://www.givingchina.org. (accessed on 2025-11-15)
[7]	Jiang XY, Xu JY, Sheng XM, Zhu Y (2025) Synergies and differences between the China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023-2030) and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24575. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI URL
	[姜雪原, 徐嘉忆, 盛学敏, 朱源 (2025) 中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023-2030年)》与《昆蒙框架》的协同与差异. 生物多样性, 33, 24575.]
[8]	Li YX, Li YY, Zhang YXY, Liu WH (2023) The progress and prospect of the financial arrangements under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23077. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[李亦欣, 李圆圆, 张杨心怡, 刘文慧 (2023) 《生物多样性公约》资金问题最新进展及展望. 生物多样性, 31, 23077.] DOI
[9]	Liu L, Zang MY, Ma Y, Wan YQ, Hu FL, Lu XQ, Liu Y (2025) Measures, progress and prospects of central-local cooperation in the implementation of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24532. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
	[刘立, 臧明月, 马月, 万雅琼, 胡飞龙, 卢晓强, 刘燕 (2025) 央地协同推动国家生物多样性战略和行动计划执行的措施、进展与展望. 生物多样性, 33, 24532.] DOI
[10]	Liu WH, Duan HX, Zhang FC, Liu HO, Li ZY, Zhang WG, Du LS (2025) The analysis of the implementation pathways for achieving biodiversity governance goals through a whole-of- government and whole-of-society approach. Research of Environmental Sciences, 38, 9-17. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[刘文慧, 段禾祥, 张风春, 刘海鸥, 李子圆, 张文国, 杜乐山 (2025) 以全政府和全社会方法推动生物多样性治理目标实现路径分析. 环境科学研究, 38, 9-17.]
[11]	OECD (The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) (2020) A Comprehensive Overview of Global Biodiversity Finance. https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2020/04/a-comprehensive-overview-of-global-biodiversity-finance_ad660ace/25f9919e-en.pdf. (accessed on 2025-09-10)
[12]	Wei FW, Ping XG, Hu YB, Nie YG, Zeng Y, Huang GP (2021) Main achievements, challenges, and recommendations of biodiversity conservation in China. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 36, 375-383. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[魏辅文, 平晓鸽, 胡义波, 聂永刚, 曾岩, 黄广平 (2021) 中国生物多样性保护取得的主要成绩、面临的挑战与对策建议. 中国科学院院刊, 36, 375-383.]
[13]	Wei W, Shen XL, Liu YN (2021) Toward developing a new funding mechanism to support post-2020 biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity Science, 29, 259-268. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI URL
	[魏伟, 申小莉, 刘忆南 (2021) 2020年后生物多样性保护需要建立新的资金机制. 生物多样性, 29, 259-268.]
[14]	Yang FY, Tao Z, Zhang L (2024) Trends and dynamics of philanthropic funding for biodiversity conservation in China. Conservation Science and Practice, 6, e13059.
[15]	Yang J, Yang XD, Liu XY, Zhou J (2025) Perspectives of urban biodiversity studies in China serving Target 12 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25104. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[杨军, 杨旭东, 刘心怡, 周景 (2025) 面向《昆蒙框架》目标12的中国城市生物多样性研究展望. 生物多样性, 33, 25104.] DOI

基金会名称 Foundations name	是否参与COP15自主承诺 COP15 funding pledge	公益支出 Philanthropic funding (￥)	生物多样性相关公益支出 Biodiversity related spending (￥)	生物多样性相关支出占比 Percentage of biodiversity-related spending
北京市企业家环保基金会(SEE基金会) Society of Entrepreneurs and Ecology (SEE) Foundation	是 Yes	1,083,158,958	848,492,351	78.3%
中华环境保护基金会 China Environmental Protection Foundation	是 Yes	571,896,429	246,001,025	43.0%
内蒙古老牛慈善基金会 Lao Niu Foundation^①	是 Yes	302,594,221	42,666,304	14.1%
中国绿色碳汇基金会 China Green Carbon Foundation	是 Yes	296,396,109	210,219,279	70.9%
桃花源基金会 Paradise Foundation	是 Yes	143,980,444	123,817,180	86.0%
万科基金会 Vanke Foundation	是 Yes	410,104,597	3,882,500	1.0%
深圳市质兰公益基金会 Zhilan Foundation^②	否 No	18,986,030	15,958,900	84.1%
云南省绿色环境发展基金会 Yunnan Green Environment Development Foundation	是 Yes	76,232,776	73,413,084	96.3%
中国绿化基金会 China Green Foundation	否 No	1,664,525,743	1,622,245,059	97.5%
深圳市红树林湿地保护基金会 Mangrove Conservation Foundation	否 No	165,408,406	139,607,488	84.4%
深圳市一个地球自然基金会 One Planet Foundation	否 No	136,468,600	109,896,600	80.5%
重复计算值 Double accounting		22,093,591	7,650,000
总计(扣除重复计算) Total (deducting double accounting)		4,847,658,722	3,428,549,770	70.7%

基金会名称 Foundations name	是否参与COP15自主承诺 COP15 funding pledge	公益支出 Philanthropic funding (￥)	生物多样性相关公益支出 Biodiversity related spending (￥)	生物多样性相关支出占比 Percentage of biodiversity-related spending
北京市企业家环保基金会(SEE基金会) Society of Entrepreneurs and Ecology (SEE) Foundation	是 Yes	1,083,158,958	848,492,351	78.3%
中华环境保护基金会 China Environmental Protection Foundation	是 Yes	571,896,429	246,001,025	43.0%
内蒙古老牛慈善基金会 Lao Niu Foundation^①	是 Yes	302,594,221	42,666,304	14.1%
中国绿色碳汇基金会 China Green Carbon Foundation	是 Yes	296,396,109	210,219,279	70.9%
桃花源基金会 Paradise Foundation	是 Yes	143,980,444	123,817,180	86.0%
万科基金会 Vanke Foundation	是 Yes	410,104,597	3,882,500	1.0%
深圳市质兰公益基金会 Zhilan Foundation^②	否 No	18,986,030	15,958,900	84.1%
云南省绿色环境发展基金会 Yunnan Green Environment Development Foundation	是 Yes	76,232,776	73,413,084	96.3%
中国绿化基金会 China Green Foundation	否 No	1,664,525,743	1,622,245,059	97.5%
深圳市红树林湿地保护基金会 Mangrove Conservation Foundation	否 No	165,408,406	139,607,488	84.4%
深圳市一个地球自然基金会 One Planet Foundation	否 No	136,468,600	109,896,600	80.5%
重复计算值 Double accounting		22,093,591	7,650,000
总计(扣除重复计算) Total (deducting double accounting)		4,847,658,722	3,428,549,770	70.7%

投入行动方向 Main actions	资金量 Total amount of funding (￥)	占比 Percentage
物种保护 Threatened species conservation	202,218,159	5.9%
栖息地及其保护 Habitat and area-based conservation	373,195,789	10.9%
生态修复及造林 Ecological restoration and afforestation	2,313,187,016	67.5%
气候变化及碳汇 Climate change and carbon sink	85,989,632	2.5%
生物多样性主流化 Biodiversity mainstreaming	325,591,097	9.5%
城市生物多样性 Urban biodiversity	107,231,543	3.1%
国际项目 International collaboration	21,136,534	0.6%

投入行动方向 Main actions	资金量 Total amount of funding (￥)	占比 Percentage
物种保护 Threatened species conservation	202,218,159	5.9%
栖息地及其保护 Habitat and area-based conservation	373,195,789	10.9%
生态修复及造林 Ecological restoration and afforestation	2,313,187,016	67.5%
气候变化及碳汇 Climate change and carbon sink	85,989,632	2.5%
生物多样性主流化 Biodiversity mainstreaming	325,591,097	9.5%
城市生物多样性 Urban biodiversity	107,231,543	3.1%
国际项目 International collaboration	21,136,534	0.6%

中文名/英文名 Chinese name/English name	拉丁名 Latin name	IUCN物种红色名录等级 IUCN Red List category	国家重点保护野生动物名录等级 National Protected Wildlife List class
雪豹 Snow leopard	Panthera uncia	易危 Vulnerable (VU)	一级 First class
亚洲金猫 Asian golden cat	Catopuma temminckii	近危 Near Threatened (NT)	二级 Second class
荒漠猫 Chinese mountain cat	Felis bieti	易危 Vulnerable (VU)	二级 Second class
华北豹 North China leopard	Panthera pardus japonensis	濒危 Endangered (EN)	一级 First class
大熊猫 Giant panda	Ailuropoda melanoleuca	易危 Vulnerable (VU)	一级 First class
东北虎 Amur tiger	Panthera tigris altaica	濒危 Endangered (EN)	一级 First class
孟加拉虎 Bengal tiger	Panthera tigris tigris	濒危 Endangered (EN)	一级 First class
云豹 Cloud leopard	Neofelis nebulosa	易危 Vulnerable (VU)	一级 First class
青头潜鸭 Baer’s Pochard	Aythya baeri	极危 Critically Endangered (CR)	一级 First class
东黑冠长臂猿 Cao-vit gibbon	Nomascus nasutus	极危 Critically Endangered (CR)	一级 First class
亚洲象 Asian elephant	Elephas maximus	濒危 Endangered (EN)	一级 First class
安徽麝 Anhui musk deer	Moschus anhuiensis	濒危 Endangered (EN)	一级 First class
白唇鹿White-lipped deer	Cervus albirostris	易危 Vulnerable (VU)	一级 First class
菲氏叶猴 Phayre’s leaf monkey	Trachypithecus phayrei	濒危 Endangered (EN)	一级 First class
喜山长尾叶猴 Nepal gray langur	Semnopithecus schistaceus	近危 Near Threatened (NT)	二级 Second class
巫山巴鲵 Wushan salamander	Liua shihi	易危 Vulnerable (VU)	二级 Second class
威氏鼷鹿 Williamson’s mouse-deer	Tragulus williamsoni	易危 Vulnerable (VU)	二级 Second class
海南长臂猿 Hainan black crested gibbon	Nomascus hainanus	极危 Critically Endangered (CR)	一级 First class
黔金丝猴 Grey snub-nosed monkey	Rhinopithecus brelichi	极危 Critically Endangered (CR)	一级 First class
朱鹮 Crested ibis	Nipponia nippon	濒危 Endangered (EN)	一级 First class
中华穿山甲 Chinese pangolin	Manis pentadactyla	极危 Critically Endangered (CR)	一级 First class
丹顶鹤 Red-crowned crane	Grus japonensis	易危 Vulnerable (VU)	一级 First class
黑脸琵鹭 Black-faced spoonbill	Platalea minor	濒危 Endangered (EN)	一级 First class
东方白鹳 Oriental stork	Ciconia boyciana	濒危 Endangered (EN)	一级 First class
中华白海豚 Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin	Sousa chinensis	易危 Vulnerable (VU)	一级 First class
蒙新河狸 Sino-Mongolian beaver	Castor fiber birulai	濒危 Endangered (EN)	一级 First class
遗鸥 Relict gull	Ichthyaetus relictus	易危 Vulnerable (VU)	一级 First class
东北豹 Amur leopard	Panthera pardus orientalis	极危 Critically Endangered (CR)	一级 First class
秦岭细鳞鲑 Qinling lenok	Brachymystax tsinlingensis	濒危 Endangered (EN)	一级 First class
天行长臂猿 Skywalker hoolock gibbon	Hoolock tianxing	濒危 Endangered (EN)	一级 First class
金斑喙凤蝶 Golden birdwing	Teinopalpus aureus	易危 Vulnerable (VU)	二级 Second class
马麝 Alpine musk deer	Moschus sifanicus	濒危 Endangered (EN)	一级 First class
福建小腺蛙 Little gland frog	Glandirana minima	极危 Critically Endangered (CR)	二级 Second class
黄胸鹀 Yellow-breasted bunting	Emberiza aureola	极危 Critically Endangered (CR)	一级 First class
中华凤头燕鸥 Chinese crested tern	Thalasseus bernsteini	极危 Critically Endangered (CR)	一级 First class
勺嘴鹬 Spoon-billed sandpiper	Calidris pygmaea	极危 Critically Endangered (CR)	一级 First class

生物多样性公益捐赠对《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023‒2030年)》的贡献

The contribution of philanthropic funding to China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023‒2030)

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 4

参考文献 15

相关文章 5

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	王也, 王茜璐, 关婧, 王迎. 《生物多样性公约》现行资金机制及其替代方案[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(1): 25353-.
[2]	杨军, 杨旭东, 刘心怡, 周景. 面向《昆蒙框架》目标12的中国城市生物多样性研究展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 25104-.
[3]	李希, 平晓鸽, 徐学红, 操瑜, 高博轩, 鲍一明, 徐基良. 《生物多样性公约》第十六次缔约方大会重要议题进展与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(12): 25121-.
[4]	吴杨, 杨梦婵, 孙芳芳, 田瑜. 地方战略与行动助力中国生物多样性保护目标路径研究[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(12): 25365-.
[5]	平晓鸽, 李诗喆, 朱江, 魏辅文. CITES与生物多样性相关国际公约的协同与合作[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(11): 25302-.