生物多样性公益捐赠对中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划
(NBSAP)的贡献分析

doi:10.17520/biods.2025269

生物多样性

生物多样性公益捐赠对中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划 (NBSAP)的贡献分析

杨方义^1*, 靳彤², 申小莉³, 张立⁴, 杨彪⁵

1. 苏州高新区碳中和国际研究院，江苏苏州 215011; 2. 世界银行驻华代表处，北京 100020；3. 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093；4. 北京师范大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室，北京 1000875；5. 北京市企业家环保基金会，北京 100089

收稿日期:2025-07-13 修回日期:2025-12-20 接受日期:2025-12-30
通讯作者: 杨方义

The contribution of philanthropic funding to China’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)

Fangyi Yang^1*, Tong Jin², Xiaoli Shen³, Li Zhang⁴, Biao Yang⁵

1. International Academy of Carbon Neutrality at Suzhou high-tech district, Suzhou, 215011, China

2. China Represeative Office, World bank group，Beijing，100020，China

3. Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

4. Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875,China

5. SEE Foundation, Beijing, 100089, China

Received:2025-07-13 Revised:2025-12-20 Accepted:2025-12-30
Contact: Fangyi Yang

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 非国家行为体（Non-State Actors）参与生物多样性治理是《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》和《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023‒2030年)》的核心内容。生物多样性公益捐赠资金能够推动非国家行为体参与生物多样性治理，弥补生物多样性公共资金不足。联合国《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会(COP15)为中国非国家行为体参与生物多样性治理提供了机遇。2021年，中国10家非国家行为体组织在COP15第一阶段会议期间承诺2030年前动员25.5亿元人民币公益捐赠用于生物多样性保护。本文系统梳理过去5年中国非国家行为体生物多样性公益捐赠的进展及成效。2020-2024年间，11家规模较大的公益基金会与生物多样性相关的公益支出为34.28亿元人民币，其中，7家参与COP15承诺的基金会共计投入15.48亿元公益捐赠用于生物多样性保护，已完成2030年承诺目标的60.73%。这些生物多样性公益捐赠支持了非国家行为体组织在受威胁物种保护、栖息地和重要区域保护和修复、推动生物多样性主流化等领域开展了大量卓有成效的工作。研究发现当前中国生物多样性公益捐赠具有一定局限性，例如较高比例的资金用于造林为主的生态系统恢复、与企业和公共资金的协同的不足。本文建议中国生物多样性公益捐赠应加强与国家行动的协同，推动企业参与生物多样性保护，共同致力于推动实现中国生物多样性保护目标和昆蒙框架。

关键词: 生物多样性公益捐赠, 昆蒙框架, 生物多样性保护战略与行动计划

Abstract

Background & Aims: Both the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) and China’s National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP, 2023-2030) have highlighted the engagement of non-state actors in biodiversity conservation. Philanthropic funding provided to non-state actors for biodiversity conservation purposes can significantly fill the public funding gap. The Fifteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP 15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity provided unique opportunities for Chinese non-state actors to conserve China’s biodiversity. In 2021, during the first phase of COP 15 in Kunming, a coalition of ten Chinese non-state actors pledged to moblize RMB 2.55 billion (USD 359 million) for biodiversity conservation by 2030.

Method：The study provides a systematic analysis by tracking the spending, outputs and outcomes of the pledge made in COP15 over the past five years, offering a systematic analysis of how biodiversity philanthropic funding in China has been mobilized and what results have been attained.

Results: During 2020-2024, 11 major biodiversity-related philanthrophic foundations invested a total of RMB 3.428 billion (USD 481 million) on biodiversity conservation activities. Among them, the seven foundations that made funding pledge at COP15 have spent RMB 1.548 billion (USD 217 million), equivalent to 60.73 % of the total pledged amount. This funding has enabled non-state actors to deliver tangible results in the conservation of threatened species, habitat, area-based conservation, and biodiversity mainstreaming in China. The study also identified limitations of China’s conservation philanthropic funding: a disproportionate share of funding has flowed to afforestation-based “ecological restoration”, while comparatively less has been allocated to aligning with national programmes or transforming private sector’s business models.

Conclusion: The study recommends that Chinese philanthropic funding should deepen collaboration with government-led biodiversity conservation initiatives to achieve the targets and goals of the NBSAP, and that transforming private sectors’ business models toward nature positivity should also be prioritized.

Key words: Conservation philanthropic funding, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(GBF), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)

杨方义, 靳彤, 申小莉, 张立, 杨彪. 生物多样性公益捐赠对中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划 (NBSAP)的贡献分析. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025269.

Fangyi Yang, Tong Jin, Xiaoli Shen, Li Zhang, Biao Yang. The contribution of philanthropic funding to China’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025269.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025269

[1]	杨军, 杨旭东, 刘心怡, 周景. 面向《昆蒙框架》目标12的中国城市生物多样性研究展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 25104-.
[2]	平晓鸽, 李诗喆, 朱江, 魏辅文. CITES与生物多样性相关国际公约的协同与合作[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(11): 25302-.