Lower water table increase shrub plant diversity and biomass but decrease soil organic carbon content: A case study of oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province

doi:10.17520/biods.2022600

Abstract

Abstract:

Aim: The change of water table level has an obvious causative effect on the vegetation composition and diversity of peatlands, which may profoundly change the carbon sequestration potential of peatlands. However, the exact responses of the diversity of vegetation and soil organic carbon in peatland have to water table fluctuations are still controversial. In addition, there are few reports on the effects of water table level on plant diversity, biomass and soil organic carbon in oligotrophic peatlands in subtropical regions.

Methods: Soil organic carbon content, species diversity and vegetation biomass of different groundwater levels were compared by one-way ANOVA. Significant difference in species diversity and biomass of plant community were analyzed by LSD multiple comparison method (P = 0.05). Linear correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation among water level, oxygen content, Sphagnum moss and shrub biomass.

Results: (1) With a decrease in level of the water table, soil water content, soil organic carbon content and polyphenol content all decreased significantly, while dissolved oxygen increased significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, soil organic carbon at the low-water table (-20 cm) was 72% of that at the high-water table (-4 cm). (2) Water table significantly changed the plant species composition of oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province. With a decrease in level of the water table, the number of shrub species increased, and the shallow-rooted Ericaceae and Rosaceae were the dominant shrubs. (3) Overall, shrub diversity showed a significant increase with the decrease of water table (P < 0.05), while herbaceous diversity showed no significant change. (4) Water table had no significant effect on the total aboveground biomass of vegetation. However, with the decrease of water table, shrub biomass (P < 0.01) and herbaceous biomass (P < 0.05) significantly increased, while moss biomass decreased.

Conclusion: This study shows that a higher water table is a key factor to maintain soil organic carbon content in oligotrophic peatlands in the Southwestern Hubei Province, and the increase of vascular plant diversity does not increase the carbon sequestration potential of the peatlands.

Key words: Sphagnum peatland, water table, plant diversity, biomass, soil organic carbon

Hao Wu, Yurong Yu, Jiayu Wang, Yuanbo Zhao, Yafei Gao, Xiaoling Li, Guijun Bu, Dan Xue, Lin Wu. Lower water table increase shrub plant diversity and biomass but decrease soil organic carbon content: A case study of oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(3): 22600.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2022600

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2023/V31/I3/22600

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Distribution map and depth of water table level (cm) in oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province

Table 1 Soil physicochemical properties under different water table level gradients in a oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province

水位 Water table (cm)	土壤pH Soil pH	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g/cm)	土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	总酚 Total phenols (μg/mL)	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon (%)
-4	3.97 ± 0.15^a	0.20 ± 0.01^a	83.51 ± 0.79^c	5.27 ± 0.48^a	6.23 ± 0.37^b	33.88 ± 2.17^b
-8	4.18 ± 0.05^a	0.22 ± 0.01^a	81.57 ± 1.22^bc	5.72 ± 0.42^a	6.01 ± 1.38^b	33.20 ± 0.92^b
-12	4.22 ± 0.17^a	0.29 ± 0.03^b	78.10 ± 1.74^ab	7.23 ± 0.18^b	3.99 ± 0.58^ab	23.58 ± 1.12^a
-20	4.40 ± 0.18^a	0.33 ± 0.02^b	74.17 ± 0.87^a	7.13 ± 0.23^b	2.80 ± 0.55^a	24.31 ± 2.36^a

Table 2 No. of species composition under different water table level gradients in oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province

科 Family	水位 Water table				全部Total
科 Family	-4 cm	-8 cm	-12 cm	-20 cm	全部Total
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	1	1	1	4	4
杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	1	3	3	3	3
樟科 Lauraceae	-	1	1	-	1
槭树科 Aceraceae	-	1	1	-	1
壳斗科 Fagaceae	-	1	1	1	1
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	-	-	1	-	1
冬青科 Aquifoliaceae	1	1	1	1	1
虎耳草科 Saxifragaceae	1	-	1	1	1
三尖杉科 Cephalotaxaceae	-	-	1	-	1
金丝桃科 Hypericaceae	1	-	1	-	1
忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	-	-	2	1	2
柏科 Cupressaceae	-	-	1	-	1
莎草科 Cyperaceae	1	1	1	-	1
碗蕨科 Dennstaedtiaceae	-	-	1	1	1
石松科 Lycopodiaceae	-	-	-	1	1
禾本科 Gramineae	1	1	-	1	2
金星蕨科 Thelypteridaceae	-	1	1	-	1
百合科 Liliaceae	-	-	1	-	1
灯芯草科 Juncaceae	1	-	-	1	1
龙胆科 Gentianaceae	1	-	-	-	1
泥炭藓科 Sphagnaceae	1	1	1	1	1
金发藓科 Polytrichaceae	-	-	1	1	2
合计 Total	10	12	21	17	30

Fig. 2 Root distribution depth of different dominant families of plants in oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different families (P < 0.05).

Fig. 3 Number of species in shrub, herb and moss layers under different water table level gradients in oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different water table level gradients in the same vegetation layer (P < 0.05).

Fig. 4 Species diversity of shrub and herb layers under different water table level gradients in oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different water table level gradients in the same vegetation layer (P < 0.05).

Fig. 5 Biomass of shrub, herb and moss layers under different water table level gradients in oligotrophic peatland in the Southwestern Hubei Province. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different water table level gradients in the same vegetation layer (P < 0.05).

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