Responses of desert steppe plant diversity and microbial diversity to precipitation change

doi:10.17520/biods.2024044

Abstract

Abstract:

Aim: Precipitation and biodiversity are the key factors to maintain the balance and stability of desert steppe ecosystem in arid areas. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the plant diversity, microbial diversity and their relationship in desert steppe under the background of precipitation change.
Methods: In this paper, the desert steppe in Yanchi, Ningxia was taken as the research object. Five precipitation gradients were simulated by canopy and drip irrigation techniques, which were 33%, 66%, 100% (CK), 133% and 166% of normal rainfall (recorded as R33, R66, RCK, R133, R166). The effects of precipitation changes on plant diversity and microbial diversity in desert steppe were comprehensively analyzed.
Results: The results showed that: (1) Reduced precipitation (R66) significantly reduced the diversity and evenness of plant communities, and increased precipitation (R133) significantly increased the richness of plant communities (P < 0.05). (2) The Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Ace index of bacterial community and Ace index of fungal community increased significantly with the increase of precipitation, and the change of precipitation had a significant effect on the Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index of fungal community (P < 0.05). (3) The water addition treatment had a significant effect on the beta diversity of soil microbial community. (4) There was a significant positive correlation between bacteria and soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and carbon-to-phosphorus ratio (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between fungi and soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, carbon-to-phosphorus ratio and nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio (P < 0.01). (5) Plant community diversity was significantly positively correlated with bacterial Shannon-Wiener index and significantly negatively correlated with bacterial Simpson index, Ace index and fungal Ace indexs (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Precipitation changes significantly affect plant diversity and microbial diversity in desert steppe, and there is a close relationship between plant and microbial diversity, which not only provides a reference for simulating and predicting the response and feedback of desert steppe ecosystem to climate change, but also provides a scientific basis for ecological protection and restoration in the region.

Key words: desert grasslands, precipitation change, plant diversity, microbial diversity

CLC Number:

S812

Jiali Lian, Jing Chen, Xueqin Yang, Ying Zhao, Xu Luo, Cui Han, Yaxin Zhao, Jianping Li. Responses of desert steppe plant diversity and microbial diversity to precipitation change[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(6): 24044.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024044

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I6/24044

Figures/Tables 13

References 47

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年份Year	处理 Treat ment	土壤含水量 Soil moisture (%)	土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon (g/kg)	土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen (g/kg)	土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus (g/kg)
2019	R33	5.55	2.91	0.38	0.36
	R66	5.78	2.37	0.36	0.38
	RCK	8.40	3.13	0.40	0.38
	R133	5.48	2.53	0.36	0.36
	R166	8.88	2.78	0.38	0.37
2020	R33	4.75	2.13	0.35	0.40
	R66	4.84	3.01	0.43	0.41
	RCK	8.18	3.73	0.45	0.43
	R133	4.78	2.56	0.31	0.38
	R166	7.63	3.18	0.51	0.47
2021	R33	6.04	2.56	0.39	0.33
	R66	5.41	2.71	0.43	0.35
	RCK	7.78	3.07	0.50	0.35
	R133	4.86	2.08	0.38	0.34
	R166	7.01	3.14	0.48	0.35
2022	R33	1.30	2.96	0.35	0.35
	R66	2.01	3.39	0.41	0.36
	RCK	2.34	3.45	0.46	0.33
	R133	2.55	3.33	0.27	0.30
	R166	2.90	2.88	0.37	0.31

年份Year	处理 Treat ment	土壤含水量 Soil moisture (%)	土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon (g/kg)	土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen (g/kg)	土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus (g/kg)
2019	R33	5.55	2.91	0.38	0.36
	R66	5.78	2.37	0.36	0.38
	RCK	8.40	3.13	0.40	0.38
	R133	5.48	2.53	0.36	0.36
	R166	8.88	2.78	0.38	0.37
2020	R33	4.75	2.13	0.35	0.40
	R66	4.84	3.01	0.43	0.41
	RCK	8.18	3.73	0.45	0.43
	R133	4.78	2.56	0.31	0.38
	R166	7.63	3.18	0.51	0.47
2021	R33	6.04	2.56	0.39	0.33
	R66	5.41	2.71	0.43	0.35
	RCK	7.78	3.07	0.50	0.35
	R133	4.86	2.08	0.38	0.34
	R166	7.01	3.14	0.48	0.35
2022	R33	1.30	2.96	0.35	0.35
	R66	2.01	3.39	0.41	0.36
	RCK	2.34	3.45	0.46	0.33
	R133	2.55	3.33	0.27	0.30
	R166	2.90	2.88	0.37	0.31

年份 Year	33%	66%	100% (CK)	133%	166%
2019	106.6	213.2	323.1	429.7	536.3
2020	66.5	133.0	201.5	268.0	334.5
2021	75.1	150.2	227.6	302.7	377.8
2022	103.1	206.2	312.5	415.6	518.7

年份 Year	33%	66%	100% (CK)	133%	166%
2019	106.6	213.2	323.1	429.7	536.3
2020	66.5	133.0	201.5	268.0	334.5
2021	75.1	150.2	227.6	302.7	377.8
2022	103.1	206.2	312.5	415.6	518.7

物种 Species	R33	R66	RCK	R133	R166
猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia	0.27	0.24	0.14	0.36	0.32
牛枝子 Lespeseza potaninii	0.32	0.30	0.32	0.17	0.23
远志 Polygala tenuifolia	0.14	0.08	0.11	0.10	0.07
蒺藜草 Cenchrus echinatus	0.07	0.08	0.05	0.04	0.07
狗尾草 Setaria viridis	0.06	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.06
地锦 Euphorbia humifusa	0.04	0.06	0.14	0.06	0.03
小蒺藜 Tribulus terrester	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.07
米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia verna	0.03	0.02	-	0.03	0.02
小画眉草 Eragrostis minor	0.10	0.05	-	0.06	0.04
条叶车前 Plantago minuta	0.02	0.02	0.01	-	0.01
蒙古冰草 Agropyron mongolicum	-	0.12	0.16	0.24	0.20
猪毛菜 Salsola collina	-	0.03	0.06	0.04	0.05
乳浆大戟 Euphorbia esula	0.06	0.04	-	-	0.06
骆驼蓬 Peganum harmala	0.04	-	-	0.05	-
地肤 Kochia scoparia	-	0.04	0.03	-	-
角蒿 Incarvillea sinensis	-	0.01	-	-	0.01
拐轴鸦葱 Scorzonera divaricata	-	-	0.05	0.04	-
砂珍棘豆 Oxytropis racemosa	-	-	0.04	0.03	-
华北白前 Cynanchum mongolicum	-	0.20	-	-	-
糙叶黄耆 Astragalus scaberrimus	-	0.08	-	-	-
阿尔泰狗娃花 Aster altaicus	-	-	0.04	-	-
飞廉 Carduus nutans	-	-	0.04	-	-
沙葱 Allium mongolicum	-	-	-	0.11	-
灰绿藜 Oxybasis glauca	-	-	-	-	0.03