Palynological assemblage and age of the Cenozoic coal-accumulation strata in the Puyang Basin, southeastern Yunnan Province

doi:10.17520/biods.2021504

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Yunnan Province is mainly characterized by a typical tropical monsoon climate and hosts the richest biodiversity in China. Dramatic tectonic activities during the Cenozoic era created many intermountain basins. These sedimentary basins provide excellent opportunities for understanding Cenozoic vegetation evolution, biodiversity and paleoenvironmental change. However, the ages of the basins remain far from fully investigated. Here we use the Puyang Coal mine section, Puyang Basin, southeastern Yunnan, southwestern China, to investigate paleoclimate and the evolution of vegetation, as well as the age of the coal-accumulation strata.

Methods: In this study, 40 palynological samples were collected from different layers in the Puyang Coal mine section, and the pollen and spores were extracted using the conventional acid-base method. The samples were used to reconstruct palynological assemblages and vegetation features by identifying and counting the species, quantity and proportion of pollen in sedimentary strata.

Results:A total of 74 morphological genera of pollen were identified in this study, including 13 gymnosperms, 49 angiosperms, 10 ferns, and 2 algae.

Conclusion: The palynological assemblage of the lower part of the study section is dominated by Taxodiaceaepollenites, indicating a swamp forest with a relatively humid climate in the cold season. The palynological assemblage of the upper section indicates a mixed subtropical evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest, dominated by evergreen oaks, along with other subtropical taxa, such as Caryapollenites, Ilexpollenites, Juglanspollenites, and Liquidambarpollenites.It represents a warm and humid climate with significant seasonality. By combining newly discovered mammal fossil and palynological evidence, we infer that the age of the coal-accumulation strata in the Puyang Basin is late Eocene. The palynological assemblage also indicates the modernization of the biota in Southeast Yunnan since the late Eocene.

Key words: palynology, Puyang Basin, Yunnan, Eocene, biodiversity

Jiucheng Yang, Jia Liu, Yu Li, Tao Su, Shufeng Li, Linbo Jia, Zhekun Zhou, Shitao Zhang. Palynological assemblage and age of the Cenozoic coal-accumulation strata in the Puyang Basin, southeastern Yunnan Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(11): 21504.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2021504

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2022/V30/I11/21504

Figures/Tables 4

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植物类型 Vegetation type	孢粉形态类群 Palynomorph types
裸子植物 Gymnosperm	无口器粉属、杉粉属、红杉粉属、单束松粉属、双束松粉属、雪松粉属、油杉粉属、拟落叶松粉属、云杉粉属、冷杉粉属、铁杉粉属、泪杉粉属、麻黄粉属 Inaperturopollenites, Taxodiaceaepollenites, Sequoiapollenites, Abietineaepollenites, Pinuspollenites, Cedripites, Keteleeriaepollenites, Laricoidites, Piceapollis, Abiespollenites, Tsugaepollenites, Dacrydiumites, and Ephedripites
被子植物 Angiosperm	栎粉属、栗粉属、大戟粉属、山核桃粉属、胡桃粉属、莫米粉属、黄杞粉属、化香树粉属、拟黄杞粉属、桤木粉属、拟桦粉属、肋桦粉属、枥粉属、异常桤木粉属、苗榆粉属、木兰粉属、单沟粉属、柳粉属、杜鹃粉属、枫香粉属、枫杨粉属、榆粉属、朴粉属、梣粉属、山龙眼粉属、紫树粉属、光三沟粉属、网面三沟粉属、扁三沟粉属、三孔沟粉属、具盖粉属、椴粉属、边沟孔粉属、禾本粉属、蓼粉属、藜粉属、卫矛粉属、黑三棱粉属、拟百合粉属、高腾粉属、拟千屈菜粉属、桑粉属、毛茛粉属、无患子粉属、漆树粉属、五加粉属、冬青粉属、眼子菜粉属、芸香粉属 Quercoidites, Cupuliferoipollenites, Euphorbiacites, Caryapollenites, Juglanspollenites, Momipites, Engelhardtioidites, Platycaryapollenites, Engelhardtioipollenites, Alnipollenites, Betulaceoipollenites, Betulaepollenites, Carpinipites, Paraalnipollenites, Ostryoipollenites, Magnolipollis, Monocolpopollenites, Salixipollenites, Ericipites, Liquidambarpollenites, Pterocaryapollenites, Ulmipollenites, Celtispollenites, Fraxinoipollenites, Proteacidites, Nyssapollenites, Tricolpopollenites, Retitricolpites, Tricolpites, Tricolporites, Operculumpollis, Tiliaepollenites, Margocolporites, Graminidites, Persicarioipollis, Chenopodipollis, Evonymoipites, Sparganiaceaepollenits, Liliacidites, Gothanipollis, Lythraites, Moraceoipollenites, Ranunculacidites, Sapindaceidites, Rhoipites, Araliaceoipollenites, Ilexpollenites, Potamogetonacidites, and Rutaceoipollenites
蕨类 Ferns	粗网孢属、紫萁孢属、凸瘤水龙骨孢属、平瘤水龙骨孢属、水龙骨单缝孢属、凤尾蕨孢属、褶缝孢属、外点单缝孢属、水藓孢属、三角孢属 Crassoretitriletes, Osmundacidites, Polypodiidites, Polypodiisporites, Polypodiaceaesporites, Pterisisporites, Obtusisporis, Extrapunctatosporis, Sphagnumsporites, and Deltoidospora
藻类 Algae	盘星藻属、葡萄藻属Pediastrum and Botryococcus

植物类型 Vegetation type	孢粉形态类群 Palynomorph types
裸子植物 Gymnosperm	无口器粉属、杉粉属、红杉粉属、单束松粉属、双束松粉属、雪松粉属、油杉粉属、拟落叶松粉属、云杉粉属、冷杉粉属、铁杉粉属、泪杉粉属、麻黄粉属 Inaperturopollenites, Taxodiaceaepollenites, Sequoiapollenites, Abietineaepollenites, Pinuspollenites, Cedripites, Keteleeriaepollenites, Laricoidites, Piceapollis, Abiespollenites, Tsugaepollenites, Dacrydiumites, and Ephedripites
被子植物 Angiosperm	栎粉属、栗粉属、大戟粉属、山核桃粉属、胡桃粉属、莫米粉属、黄杞粉属、化香树粉属、拟黄杞粉属、桤木粉属、拟桦粉属、肋桦粉属、枥粉属、异常桤木粉属、苗榆粉属、木兰粉属、单沟粉属、柳粉属、杜鹃粉属、枫香粉属、枫杨粉属、榆粉属、朴粉属、梣粉属、山龙眼粉属、紫树粉属、光三沟粉属、网面三沟粉属、扁三沟粉属、三孔沟粉属、具盖粉属、椴粉属、边沟孔粉属、禾本粉属、蓼粉属、藜粉属、卫矛粉属、黑三棱粉属、拟百合粉属、高腾粉属、拟千屈菜粉属、桑粉属、毛茛粉属、无患子粉属、漆树粉属、五加粉属、冬青粉属、眼子菜粉属、芸香粉属 Quercoidites, Cupuliferoipollenites, Euphorbiacites, Caryapollenites, Juglanspollenites, Momipites, Engelhardtioidites, Platycaryapollenites, Engelhardtioipollenites, Alnipollenites, Betulaceoipollenites, Betulaepollenites, Carpinipites, Paraalnipollenites, Ostryoipollenites, Magnolipollis, Monocolpopollenites, Salixipollenites, Ericipites, Liquidambarpollenites, Pterocaryapollenites, Ulmipollenites, Celtispollenites, Fraxinoipollenites, Proteacidites, Nyssapollenites, Tricolpopollenites, Retitricolpites, Tricolpites, Tricolporites, Operculumpollis, Tiliaepollenites, Margocolporites, Graminidites, Persicarioipollis, Chenopodipollis, Evonymoipites, Sparganiaceaepollenits, Liliacidites, Gothanipollis, Lythraites, Moraceoipollenites, Ranunculacidites, Sapindaceidites, Rhoipites, Araliaceoipollenites, Ilexpollenites, Potamogetonacidites, and Rutaceoipollenites
蕨类 Ferns	粗网孢属、紫萁孢属、凸瘤水龙骨孢属、平瘤水龙骨孢属、水龙骨单缝孢属、凤尾蕨孢属、褶缝孢属、外点单缝孢属、水藓孢属、三角孢属 Crassoretitriletes, Osmundacidites, Polypodiidites, Polypodiisporites, Polypodiaceaesporites, Pterisisporites, Obtusisporis, Extrapunctatosporis, Sphagnumsporites, and Deltoidospora
藻类 Algae	盘星藻属、葡萄藻属Pediastrum and Botryococcus