Abstract:

Background: Biodiversity loss has become one of the most serious environmental challenges in the world, and how to effectively conserve and enhance biodiversity in urban development has become an urgent issue. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) provides a solution for urban biodiversity conservation and enhancement. 

Purpose: To identify the requirements for urban biodiversity conservation set out in the KMGBF and the upgrading of urban biodiversity conservation in the process of building green and high-quality urban development in China. 

Results: China has formed a series of compliance mechanisms and a multisectoral collaboration model based on municipal-level housing and urban-rural development departments, showing a research trend of multidisciplinary crossover and extensive cooperation between the government and academia, and responding mainly to Target 12. China adopts the path of synergistic urban green high-quality development and biodiversity conservation, and iterative advances green high-quality development modes. The eastern region is the centralized distribution area of the representative cities, and the distribution of the representative cities of the three modes of Garden City, Forest City, and Park City overlaps considerably. The biodiversity conservation and enhancement of China’s urban biodiversity. The main tasks reflect the characteristics of continuous optimization and high integration, with bottom-line indicators for control and constraints, and oriented indicators as implementation tools for construction guidance, mainly from the perspective of incorporating into the mainstream of urban development, significantly improving the area, quality and connectivity of urban green space, and improving human health and well-being, and ultimately from the perspective of landscape, ecosystems, species, and social participation in the diversity of the four levels. Twelve tasks focus on Target 12 of the KMGBF, and seven other tasks are synergized with it. 

Conclusion: In the context of green and high-quality development and the continued practice of the urban model, we should first consolidate the target system for urban biodiversity conservation and enhancement from the perspective of compliance, strengthen the mainstreaming of conservation, and establish a more comprehensive and effective coordinating mechanism. Attentions should be paid to the linkage between urban development and biodiversity conservation in its entirety and in its entire cycle, improving the linkage between urban development and the well-being and health of city dwellers. This will explore and form a distinctive Chinese path of high-quality green development and urban biodiversity conservation to enhance the trinity of “biology, livability and well-being”.

Key words: green and high-quality development, cities, biodiversity, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, biodiversity conservation enhancement