Ecological restoration effect of South Dianchi National Wetland Park based on the enhancement of bird diversity

doi:10.17520/biods.2024531

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims & Background South Dianchi National Wetland Park, which is an important wintering and stopover site for migratory birds in the East Asia-Australia migratory corridor, was selected as a research target. The wetland ecosystem has been degraded and the biodiversity declined due to the human activities such as farmland reclamation around the lake and construction of wave breakwaters.

Methods: This study conducted case analysis to describe the protection of the wetland ecosystem and to restoration of the damaged wetland habitats and woodland habitats in terms of determining protection and restoration objectives, dividing ecological zones, removing wave breakwaters, connecting the water system and modifying the forest. In addition, this paper systematically summarized the experience gained in design, implementation, construction, operation and management of the wetland park and reflected on the key tasks that need to be strengthened in the future. The Jaccard similarity index and genus-family index (G-F index) were also used to compare the changes in bird species diversity before and after park construction.

Results: After the completion, the biodiversity of the wetland park has been enhanced. The Jaccard similarity index reached 0.83, indicating high similarity in community composition and low disturbance of the original bird community by the park construction. The G-F index rose from 0.7 to 0.8, and the diversity index at family level (D_F) increased from 13.83 to 21.16. Both forest bird and waterbird populations increased, with newly recorded species being predominantly winter migrant, realizing the original design intent.

Suggestions & Perspectives We suggest that the future work should be strengthened in the aspects of biodiversity monitoring and assessment, the formulation of wetland park management regulations and operation and maintenance etc.

Key words: biodiversity conservation, national wetland park, ecological conservation and restoration, Dianchi, systemic governance

Xin Wang, Fengyu Bao. Ecological restoration effect of South Dianchi National Wetland Park based on the enhancement of bird diversity[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(5): 24531.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024531

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I5/24531

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Location map (a), satellite image before construction (2009) (b) and after construction (2019) (c) of South Dianchi National Wetland Park

Fig. 2 Design diagram of South Dianchi National Wetland Park Wetland habitat

Fig. 3 Renovation diagram of South Dianchi National Wetland Park. (a) Water system renovation diagram; (b) Shoreline renovation diagram; (c) Taxodium ‘Zhongshanshan’ forest renovation diagram.

Table 1 Comparison of bird biodiversity index of South Dianchi National Wetland Park. The diversity index at genus level (DG) and at family level (DF).

年份 Year	科 Family	属 Genus	D_F指数 D_Findex	D_G指数 D_G index	D_G-_F指数 D_G-_F index	Jaccard相似性系数 Jaccard similarity index
2014	33	76	13.83	4.11	0.7	0.83
2020	36	90	21.16	4.22	0.8	0.83

Table 2 Comparison of bird residency type of South Dianchi National Wetland Park before and after construction. Proportion, The ratio of the number of bird species of each residency type to the total number of bird species.

年份 Year	留鸟 Resident		冬候鸟 Winter migrant		夏候鸟 Summer migrant		旅鸟 Passage migrant
年份 Year	物种数 No. of species	占比 Proportion	物种数 No. of species	占比 Proportion	物种数 No. of species	占比 Proportion	物种数 No. of species	占比 Proportion
2014	55	43.3%	31	24.4%	11	8.6%	14	11.0%
2020	64	42.7%	64	42.7%	14	9.3%	28	18.7%

Table 3 Comparison of bird species group of South Dianchi National Wetland Park before and after construction. Proportion, The ratio of the number of bird species of each bird species group to the total number of bird species.

年份 Year	林鸟 Forest bird		水鸟 Waterfowl
年份 Year	物种数 No. of species	占比 Proportion	物种数 No. of species	占比 Proportion
2014	53	41.70%	102	80.30%
2020	68	45.30%	112	74.70%

Table 4 Comparison of bird protection grade of South Dianchi National Wetland Park before and after construction. Proportion, The ratio of the number of bird species of each bird protection grade to the total number of bird species.

年份 Year	国家一级重点保护野生动物 First-class national key protected wildlife		国家二级重点保护野生动物 Second-class national key protected wildlife
	物种数 No. of species	占比 Proportion	物种数 No. of species	占比 Proportion
	2014	1	0.80%	6	4.70%
2020	2	1.30%	11	7.30%

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