Comparative study of monitoring methods for Apoidea resources and diversity

doi:10.17520/biods.2025057

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims:Apoidea insects are crucial biological resources, providing bee products for humans and pollination services for ecosystems etc. However, global Apoidea resources are declining, highlighting the urgent need for monitoring and conservation efforts. Despite the availability of various methods to survey and monitor Apoidea diversity, there remains uncertainty regarding the most appropriate method and the taxa they effectively monitor.

Methods:The study site is located at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences where biodiversity is high. Three methods commonly used for Apoidae monitoring were employed: transects, Malaise traps, and pan traps. The richness and abundances of Apoidae were recorded and the effectiveness was compared to determine the best monitoring approach.

Results:Through one-year systematic monitoring, a total of 14,896 Apoidea insects were collected, including Apidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae, Colletidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae, and Ampulicidae, which belonged to 7 families, 54 genera, and 345 species. The rarefaction curve showed adequate sampling coverage for all three methods, and there were differences in the major taxa collected. The transects collected 6 families, 33 genera, and 133 species, of which Apidae, Megachilidae, and Halictidae had high diversity, including 3 dominant species and 44 rare species. The Malaise traps collected 7 families, 50 genera, and 260 species, of which Crabronidae, Megachilidae, and Halictidae had high diversity, including 6 dominant species and 130 rare species. The pan traps collected 6 families, 29 genera, and 122 species, of which the diversity of Crabronidae was high, but Apidae had the most individuals, including 6 dominant species and 49 rare species.

Conclusion:The results demonstrate that different methods are effective for monitoring different Apoidea taxa and species. Combing multiple methods enhances the detection of Apoidea diversity. This study provides valuable methodological options for surveying Apoidea species and population monitoring, and also offer baseline data for the effective conservation of Apoidea resources.

Key words: Apoidea insects, transects, Malaise traps, pan traps, biodiversity monitoring

Nong Qiaoyi, Cao Jun, Cheng Wenda, Peng Yanqiong. Comparative study of monitoring methods for Apoidea resources and diversity[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(4): 25057.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2025057

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I4/25057

Figures/Tables 4

References 57

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监测方法 Monitoring method	科名 Family	物种丰富度 Species richness	Shannon多样性指数 Shannon diversity index	Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index
样线法 Transects	泥蜂科 Sphecidae	8 ± 0.20	1.93 ± 0.15	0.80 ± 0.11
	方头泥蜂科 Crabronidae	9 ± 0.71	4.88 ± 0.38	4.14 ± 0.48
	分舌蜂科 Colletidae	5 ± 0.39	3.25 ± 0.31	2.50 ± 0.32
	隧蜂科 Halictidae	30 ± 15.62	13.32 ± 0.73	8.92 ± 0.60
	切叶蜂科 Megachilidae	39 ± 11.24	19.81 ± 0.92	14.39 ± 0.70
	蜜蜂科 Apidae	49 ± 1.83	13.99 ± 0.16	8.69 ± 0.12
马来氏网法 Malaise traps	泥蜂科 Sphecidae	8 ± 2.36	5.72 ± 0.82	4.74 ± 0.76
	蠊泥蜂科 Ampulicidae	19 ± 6.71	8.28 ± 0.32	8.76 ± 0.20
	方头泥蜂科 Crabronidae	138 ± 19.27	29.94 ± 0.83	14.35 ± 0.70
	分舌蜂科 Colletidae	1 ± 0.00	1.00 ± 0.00	1.00 ± 0.00
	隧蜂科 Halictidae	35 ± 4.18	16.86 ± 0.97	8.87 ± 0.77
	切叶蜂科 Megachilidae	29 ± 7.15	20.22 ± 2.50	13.92 ± 2.83
	蜜蜂科 Apidae	31 ± 8.76	8.89 ± 0.37	5.50 ± 0.26
黄盘法 Pan traps	泥蜂科 Sphecidae	5 ± 2.59	3.45 ± 0.86	1.50 ± 0.07
	蠊泥蜂科 Ampulicidae	24 ±10.57	12.08 ± 0.35	6.57 ± 0.26
	方头泥蜂科 Crabronidae	60 ± 26.01	28.56 ± 1.88	18.47 ± 1.54
	隧蜂科 Halictidae	12 ± 4.06	5.38 ± 0.53	3.60 ± 0.38
	切叶蜂科 Megachilidae	4 ± 1.45	0.80 ± 0.10	0.52 ± 0.02
	蜜蜂科 Apidae	17 ± 8.90	5.15 ± 0.31	3.24 ± 0.19

监测方法 Monitoring method	科名 Family	物种丰富度 Species richness	Shannon多样性指数 Shannon diversity index	Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index
样线法 Transects	泥蜂科 Sphecidae	8 ± 0.20	1.93 ± 0.15	0.80 ± 0.11
	方头泥蜂科 Crabronidae	9 ± 0.71	4.88 ± 0.38	4.14 ± 0.48
	分舌蜂科 Colletidae	5 ± 0.39	3.25 ± 0.31	2.50 ± 0.32
	隧蜂科 Halictidae	30 ± 15.62	13.32 ± 0.73	8.92 ± 0.60
	切叶蜂科 Megachilidae	39 ± 11.24	19.81 ± 0.92	14.39 ± 0.70
	蜜蜂科 Apidae	49 ± 1.83	13.99 ± 0.16	8.69 ± 0.12
马来氏网法 Malaise traps	泥蜂科 Sphecidae	8 ± 2.36	5.72 ± 0.82	4.74 ± 0.76
	蠊泥蜂科 Ampulicidae	19 ± 6.71	8.28 ± 0.32	8.76 ± 0.20
	方头泥蜂科 Crabronidae	138 ± 19.27	29.94 ± 0.83	14.35 ± 0.70
	分舌蜂科 Colletidae	1 ± 0.00	1.00 ± 0.00	1.00 ± 0.00
	隧蜂科 Halictidae	35 ± 4.18	16.86 ± 0.97	8.87 ± 0.77
	切叶蜂科 Megachilidae	29 ± 7.15	20.22 ± 2.50	13.92 ± 2.83
	蜜蜂科 Apidae	31 ± 8.76	8.89 ± 0.37	5.50 ± 0.26
黄盘法 Pan traps	泥蜂科 Sphecidae	5 ± 2.59	3.45 ± 0.86	1.50 ± 0.07
	蠊泥蜂科 Ampulicidae	24 ±10.57	12.08 ± 0.35	6.57 ± 0.26
	方头泥蜂科 Crabronidae	60 ± 26.01	28.56 ± 1.88	18.47 ± 1.54
	隧蜂科 Halictidae	12 ± 4.06	5.38 ± 0.53	3.60 ± 0.38
	切叶蜂科 Megachilidae	4 ± 1.45	0.80 ± 0.10	0.52 ± 0.02
	蜜蜂科 Apidae	17 ± 8.90	5.15 ± 0.31	3.24 ± 0.19