Abstract:

Background&Aim: Biodiversity is a valuable natural and public resource. To this point, the “Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework” (“Kunmeng Framework”) has set 2030 global targets and a 2050 vision to guide the protection of global biodiversity. In order to implement the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), it is important to study the political dynamics of urban biodiversity. This will enable the promotion of sustainable urban development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize topics related to urban biodiversity in previous Conference of the Parties (COP) decisions, including the health and well-being of urban biodiversity, how urbanization impacts biodiversity, and the participation of cities and local governments. Additionally, we reviewed how the targets related to urban biodiversity were developed, following them from when they were initially discussed to when the Kunmeng Framework was released. 

Results: China’s urban biodiversity conservation policies were primarily implemented in the fields of landscaping, spatial planning, climate change, and demonstration construction. Additionally, the newly published China’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2023–2030) put forward new requirements for urban biodiversity conservation. Based on our analysis, we advised urban biodiversity conservation to: (1) Promote the function of ecosystem services based on conservation work; (2) Establish a specialized evaluation system for urban biodiversity conservation; (3) Become a part of the mainstream by forming an atmosphere of biodiversity conservation which is led by the government, echoed by enterprises, and participated in by all citizens. 

Conclusions: To enable China to achieve these goals, scientific ideas should be integrated into urban planning, and the government should lead enterprises and citizens in forming an atmosphere of biodiversity conservation. The conservation of urban biodiversity should align with the relevant resolutions of the Kunmeng Framework and the CBD, in addition to conforming with the policy update and practical work of China.

Key words: urban biodiversity, Convention on Biological Diversity, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework