Biodiv Sci ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (12): 1276-1284. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017301
• Special Feature: Biological Invasion • Previous Articles Next Articles
Fang Zhou, Zhijie Zhang, Mu Liu, Xiaoyun Pan*()
Received:
2017-11-09
Accepted:
2017-12-26
Online:
2017-12-20
Published:
2017-12-10
Contact:
Pan Xiaoyun
Fang Zhou, Zhijie Zhang, Mu Liu, Xiaoyun Pan. Effects of nutrient levels on defense against specialist insects in an invasive alligator weed[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2017, 25(12): 1276-1284.
参数 Source of variation | d.f | F | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总生物量 Total biomass | 贮藏根生物量 SRB | 根冠比 RSR | 比茎长 SSL | ||
采样地 Origin (O) | 1, 16 | 36.76*** | 2.07 | 3.67 | 51.71*** |
种群 Population (Pop) | 16, 264 | 9.01*** | 5.69*** | 10.05*** | 14.03*** |
养分 Nutrient (N) | 1, 264 | 1.56 | 53.41*** | 126.82*** | 57.00*** |
取食 Herbivory (H) | 1, 264 | 16.84*** | 7.23** | 10.46** | 3.86 |
养分 × 取食 (N × H) | 1, 264 | 37.81*** | 25.75*** | 46.80*** | 0.95 |
采样地 × 养分 (O × N) | 1, 264 | 0.33 | 0.74 | 0.10 | 0.36 |
采样地 × 取食 (O × H) | 1, 264 | 2.14 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
采样地 × 养分 × 取食 (O × N × H) | 1, 264 | 0.40 | 0.01 | 0.68 | 5.15* |
养分 × 种群 (N × Pop) | 16, 264 | 1.69 | 0.57 | 1.49 | 1.24 |
养分 × 取食 × 种群 (N × H × Pop) | 16, 264 | 1.51 | 0.95 | 1.49 | 1.37 |
协变量 Covariates | 1, 287 | 45.18*** | 2.15 | 23.74*** |
Table 1 ANOVA or ANCOVA of the effects of continental origin, population (pop), nutrient level and herbivory on total biomass, storage root biomass (SRB), root/shoot ratio (RSR), specific stem length (SSL) of Alternanthera philoxeroides.
参数 Source of variation | d.f | F | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总生物量 Total biomass | 贮藏根生物量 SRB | 根冠比 RSR | 比茎长 SSL | ||
采样地 Origin (O) | 1, 16 | 36.76*** | 2.07 | 3.67 | 51.71*** |
种群 Population (Pop) | 16, 264 | 9.01*** | 5.69*** | 10.05*** | 14.03*** |
养分 Nutrient (N) | 1, 264 | 1.56 | 53.41*** | 126.82*** | 57.00*** |
取食 Herbivory (H) | 1, 264 | 16.84*** | 7.23** | 10.46** | 3.86 |
养分 × 取食 (N × H) | 1, 264 | 37.81*** | 25.75*** | 46.80*** | 0.95 |
采样地 × 养分 (O × N) | 1, 264 | 0.33 | 0.74 | 0.10 | 0.36 |
采样地 × 取食 (O × H) | 1, 264 | 2.14 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
采样地 × 养分 × 取食 (O × N × H) | 1, 264 | 0.40 | 0.01 | 0.68 | 5.15* |
养分 × 种群 (N × Pop) | 16, 264 | 1.69 | 0.57 | 1.49 | 1.24 |
养分 × 取食 × 种群 (N × H × Pop) | 16, 264 | 1.51 | 0.95 | 1.49 | 1.37 |
协变量 Covariates | 1, 287 | 45.18*** | 2.15 | 23.74*** |
Fig. 1 The effects of herbivory by Agasicles hygrophila (with, h+, without, h-) and nutrient level (high, N+, low, N-) on plant total biomass (a), storage root biomass (SRB) (b), root/shoot ratio (RSR) (c), and specific stem length (SSL) (d) of Alternanthera philoxeroides from native (Argentina) and introduced (USA) range. Error bars denote +/- SE.
Fig. 2 The effects of nutrient level (high, N+, low, N-) on tolerance of total biomass (a) and SRB (b) to herbivory by Agasicles hygrophila of Alternanthera philoxeroides from native (Argentina) and introduced (USA) range. Error bars denote +/- SE.
Fig. 3 The effects of nutrient level (high, N+, low, N-) on the plasticity (RTR) of RSR (a) and SSL (b) in response to herbivory by Agasicles hygrophila of Alternanthera philoxeroides from native (Argentina) and introduced (USA) range. Error bars denote +/-SE.
Fig. 4 The correlations between plant fitness (total biomass, SRB), tolerance of total biomass (TBiomass) and SRB (TSRB) to herbivory and functional traits (root/shoot ratio, RSR; specific stem length, SSL), relative trait range of functional traits (RTR for RSR, RTR for SSL) in response to herbivory by Agasicles hygrophila for Alternanthera philoxeroides from native (Argentina) and introduced (USA) range grown under high and low nutrient levels. The solid lines signify positive correlation, and dashed ones mean negative, the thick lines mean significant at P < 0.01, and thin lines at P < 0.05.
[1] | Abhilasha D, Joshi J (2009) Enhanced fitness due to higher fecundity, increased defence against a specialist and toler¬ance towards a generalist herbivore in an invasive annual plant. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2, 77-86. |
[2] | Agrawal AA, Hastings AP, Bradburd GS, Woods EC, Zust T, Harvey JA, Bukovinszky T (2015) Evolution of plant growth and defense in a continental introduction. The American Naturalist, 186, E1-E15. |
[3] | Beaton LL, Van Zandt PA, Esselman EJ, Knight TM (2011) Comparison of the herbivore defense and competitive ability of ancestral and modern genotypes of an invasive plant, Lespedeza cuneata. Oikos, 120, 1413-1419. |
[4] | Bjorkman C, Bommarco R, Eklund K, Hoglund S (2004) Harvesting disrupts biological control of herbivores in a short-rotation coppice system. Ecological Applications, 14, 1624-1633. |
[5] | Blossey B, Notzold R (1995) Evolution of increased compe¬titive ability in invasive nonindigenous plants—a hypothesis. Journal of Ecology, 83, 887-889. |
[6] | Bossdorf O, Schroder S, Prati D, Auge H (2004) Palatability and tolerance to simulated herbivory in native and introduced populations of Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae). American Journal of Botany, 91, 856-862. |
[7] | Burghardt KT (2016) Nutrient supply alters goldenrod’s induced response to herbivory. Functional Ecology, 30, 1769-1778. |
[8] | Cano L, Escarre J, Fleck I, Blanco-Moreno JM, Sans FX (2008) Increased fitness and plasticity of an invasive species in its introduced range: a study using Senecio pterophorus. Journal of Ecology, 96, 468-476. |
[9] | Cipollini D, Mbagwu J, Barto K, Hillstrom C, Enright S (2005) Expression of constitutive and inducible chemical defenses in native and invasive populations of Alliaria petiolata. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 31, 1255-1267. |
[10] | Colautti RI, Maron JL, Barrett SCH (2009) Common garden comparisons of native and introduced plant populations: latitudinal clines can obscure evolutionary inferences. Evolutionary Applications, 2, 187-199. |
[11] | Coley PD, Bryant JP, Chapin FS (1985) Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense. Science, 230, 895-899. |
[12] | Davis MA, Grime JP, Thompson K (2000) Fluctuating resou¬rces in plant communities: a general theory of invasibility. Journal of Ecology, 88, 528-534. |
[13] | Endara MJ, Coley PD (2011) The resource availability hypot¬hesis revisited: a meta-analysis. Functional Ecology, 25, 389-398. |
[14] | Fornoni J (2011) Ecological and evolutionary implications of plant tolerance to herbivory. Functional Ecology, 25, 399-407. |
[15] | Genton BJ, Kotanen PM, Cheptou PO, Adolphe C, Shykoff JA (2005) Enemy release but no evolutionary loss of defence in a plant invasion: an inter-continental reciprocal transplant experiment. Oecologia, 146, 404-414. |
[16] | Huang W, Carrillo J, Ding JQ, Siemann E (2012) Invader partitions ecological and evolutionary responses to above- and belowground herbivory. Ecology, 93, 2343-2352. |
[17] | Huang W, Siemann E, Wheeler GS, Zou JW, Carrillo J, Ding JQ (2010) Resource allocation to defence and growth are driven by different responses to generalist and specialist herbivory in an invasive plant. Journal of Ecology, 98, 1157-1167. |
[18] | Julien MH, Broadbent JE (1980) The biology of Australian weeds. 3. Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 46, 150-155. |
[19] | Julien MH, Skarratt B, Maywald GF (1995) Potential geographical distribution of alligator weed and its biological control by Agasicles hygrophila. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 33, 55-60. |
[20] | Keane RM, Crawley MJ (2002) Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17, 164-170. |
[21] | Koricheva J, Nykanen H, Gianoli E (2004) Meta-analysis of trade-offs among plant antiherbivore defenses: are plants jacks-of-all-trades, masters of all? The American Naturalist, 163, E64-E75. |
[22] | Kumschick S, Hufbauer RA, Alba C, Blumenthal DM (2013) Evolution of fast-growing and more resistant phenotypes in introduced common mullein (Verbascum thapsus). Journal of Ecology, 101, 378-387. |
[23] | Li YP, Feng YL, Barclay G (2012) No evidence for evolutio¬narily decreased tolerance and increased fitness in invasive Chromolaena odorata: implications for invasi¬veness and biological control. Plant Ecology, 213, 1157-1166. |
[24] | Lu XM, Siemann E, He MY, Wei H, Shao X, Ding JQ (2015) Climate warming increases biological control agent impact on a non-target species. Ecology Letters, 18, 48-56. |
[25] | Lu XM, Siemann E, Shao X, Wei H, Ding JQ (2013) Climate warming affects biological invasions by shifting interactions of plants and herbivores. Global Change Biology, 19, 2339-2347. |
[26] | Maddox DM, Andres LA, Hennessey RD, Blackburn RD, Spe¬ncer NR (1971) Insects to control alligator weed: an invader of aquatic ecosystems in the United States. BioScience, 21, 985-991. |
[27] | Pan XY, Geng YP, Li B, Chen JK (2006) Phenotypic plasticity and dominance shift of co-occurring native and alien inva¬sive in contrasting habitats. Acta Oecologica, 30, 333-341. |
[28] | Pan XY, Geng YP, Sosa A, Zhang WJ, Li B, Chen JK (2007) Invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides: biology, ecology and management. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica, 45, 884-900. |
[29] | Pan XY, Jia X, Fu DJ, Li B (2013) Geographical diversification of growth-defense strategies in an invasive plant. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 51, 308-317. |
[30] | Qing H, Yao YH, Xiao Y, Hu FQ, Sun YX, Zhou CF, An SQ (2011) Invasive and native tall forms of Spartina alterniflo¬ra respond differently to nitrogen availability. Acta Oecol¬og¬ica, 37, 23-30. |
[31] | Quiroz CL, Choler P, Baptist F, Gonzalez-Teuber M, Moli¬na-Montenegro MA, Cavieres LA (2009) Alpine dandelions originated in the native and introduced range differ in their responses to environmental constraints. Ecological Resea¬rch, 24, 175-183. |
[32] | Richards CL, Bossdorf O, Muth NZ, Gurevitch J, Pigliucci M (2006) Jack of all trades, master of some? On the role of phenotypic plasticity in plant invasions. Ecology Letters, 9, 981-993. |
[33] | Rogers WE, Siemann E (2004) Invasive ecotypes tolerate herbivory more effectively than native ecotypes of the Chinese tallow tree Sapium sebiferum. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, 561-570. |
[34] | Stout MJ, Brovont RA, Duffey SS (1998) Effect of nitrogen availability on expression of constitutive and inducible chemical defenses in tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 24, 945-963. |
[35] | Strauss SY, Agrawal AA (1999) The ecology and evolution of plant tolerance to herbivory. Trends in Ecology & Evol¬ution, 14, 179-185. |
[36] | Sun Y, Ding JQ, Rena MX (2009) Effects of simulated herb¬ivory and resource availability on the invasive plant, Alter¬nanthera philoxeroides in different habitats. Biological Con¬trol, 48, 287-293. |
[37] | Wei H, Lu XM, Ding JQ (2015) Direct and indirect impacts of different water regimes on the invasive plant, alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides), and its biological control agent, Agasicles hygrophila. Weed Biology and Managem¬ent, 15, 1-10. |
[38] | Wise MJ, Abrahamson WG (2007) Effects of resource avail¬ability on tolerance of herbivory: a review and assessment of three opposing models. The American Naturalist, 169, 443-454. |
[39] | Zhang HJ, Chang RY, Guo X, Liang XQ, Wang RQ, Liu J (2017) Shifts in growth and competitive dominance of the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides under different nitrogen and phosphorus supply. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 135, 118-125. |
[40] | Zhang ZJ, Pan XY, Zhang ZY, He KS, Li B (2015) Specialist insect herbivore and light availability do not interact in the evolution of an invasive plant. PLoS ONE, 10, 14. |
[41] | Zou JW, Siemann E, Rogers WE, DeWalt SJ (2008) Decreased resistance and increased tolerance to native herbivores of the invasive plant Sapium sebiferum. Ecography, 31, 663-671. |
[1] | Mingxian Deng, Heyan Huang, Shiyun Shen, Jihua Wu, Qiong La, Tsechoe Dorji, Xiaoyun Pan. Phenotypic plasticity of Alternanthera philoxeroides in response to simulated daily warming in the Tibet Plateau in introduced vs. native populations [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(9): 1198-1205. |
[2] | Heyan Huang, Zhengcai Zhu, Jihua Wu, Qiong La, Yonghong Zhou, Xiaoyun Pan. Phenotypic plasticity of Alternanthera philoxeroides in response to simulated daily warming: Introduced vs. native populations [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(4): 419-427. |
[3] | Simiao Sun, Jixin Chen, Weiwei Feng, Chang Zhang, Kai Huang, Ming Guan, Jiankun Sun, Mingchao Liu, Yulong Feng. Plant strategies for nitrogen acquisition and their effects on exotic plant invasions [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(1): 72-80. |
[4] | Jiangyan Shi, Hai Yang, Junqin Hua, Yuze Zhao, Jianqiang Li, Jiliang Xu. The relationship between the diurnal activity rhythm of Reeves’s pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) and human disturbance revealed by camera trapping [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(7): 796-805. |
[5] | Liangrui Yu, Zhengcai Zhu, Xiaoyun Pan. Phenotypic plasticity of Alternanthera philoxeroides in response to root neighbors of kin: Introduced vs. native genotypes [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(6): 651-657. |
[6] | Jun Chen, Lan Yao, Xunru Ai, Jiang Zhu, Manling Wu, Xiao Huang, Siyi Chen, Jin Wang, Qiang Zhu. Adaptive strategies of functional traits of Metasequoia glyptostroboides parent trees to changing habitats [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(3): 296-302. |
[7] | Yuxian Wang, Zuojun Liu, Zhigang Zhao, Meng Hou, Xiaorui Zhang, Wanling Lü. Responses of floral longevity to pollination environments in 11 species from two alpine meadows [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2018, 26(5): 510-518. |
[8] | Yumei Pan, Saichun Tang, Chunqiang Wei, Xiangqin Li. Comparison of growth, photosynthesis and phenotypic plasticity between invasive and native Bidens species under different light and water conditions [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2017, 25(12): 1257-1266. |
[9] | Lei Li, Yupeng Geng, Zhichun Lan, Jiakuan Chen, Zhiping Song. Phenotypic plasticity of aquatic plants in heterogeneous environments: a review [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2016, 24(2): 216-227. |
[10] | Ziyan Zhang, Zhijie Zhang, Xiaoyun Pan. Phenotypic plasticity of Alternanthera philoxeroides in response to shading: introduced vs. native populations [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2015, 23(1): 18-22. |
[11] | Kun Wang, Ji Yang, Jiakuan Chen. Comparison of morphological traits between alligator weed and two congeners under different water and nutrient conditions [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2010, 18(6): 615-621. |
[12] | Yulong Feng, Zhiyong Liao, Ru Zhang, Yulong Zheng, Yangping Li, Yanbao Lei. Adaptive evolution in response to environmental gradients and enemy release in invasive alien plant species [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2009, 17(4): 340-352. |
[13] | Zhang Yimo, Wang Qing, Lu Meng, Jia Xin, Geng Yupeng, Li Bo. Variation and phenotypic plasticity in life history traits of Spartina alterniflora along the east coast of China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2008, 16(5): 462-469. |
[14] | Xiaoyun Pan, Hanzhao Liang, Alejandro Sosa, Yupeng Geng, Bo Li, Jiakuan Chen. Patterns of morphological variation of alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides): from native to invasive regions [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2006, 14(3): 232-240. |
[15] | GENG Yu-Peng, ZHANG Wen-Ju, LI Bo, CHEN Jia-Kuan. Phenotypic plasticity and invasiveness of alien plants [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2004, 12(4): 447-455. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||
Copyright © 2022 Biodiversity Science
Editorial Office of Biodiversity Science, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
Tel: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn