Abstract: Based on the IUCN (the World Conservation Union) Red List and IUCN Red List Categories, the historical background of the butterfly species listed in the Chinese List of Key Protected Wildlife of National Importance (1989) and the Terrestrial Wild Animal Species List of High Economic and Scientific Value is briefly introduced. The basis for definition of protected butterfly species that are naturally distributed in Hainan is evaluated. We suggest that habitat status should be the primary criterion for identifying threatened butterfly species, which differentiates them from the mechanism of endangerment of many amniotes and other arthropods, and makes protection operations more practical. The objective of formulating these lists of threatened species is to guide rational utilization of butterfly resources. Sustainable bio resources should be available for rational use to serve human needs. Evaluation of habitat status should be based on both protection and utilization perspectives. Butterfly raising and near-natural-forestry with advanced technology should be encouraged to simultaneously develop the butterfly industry, to improve resource utilization efficiency and consequently enhance resource protection management.

Key words: butterfly, fauna, habitat type, species diversity, conservation, Qinghai