海南热带雨林国家公园生物多样性热点与保护空缺区域识别: 基于大型真菌与植物视角

doi:10.17520/biods.2024081

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 24081. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024081 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024081

• 研究报告: 生态系统多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

海南热带雨林国家公园生物多样性热点与保护空缺区域识别: 基于大型真菌与植物视角

王艳丽¹^,², 张英³, 戚春林¹^,², 张昌达⁴, 史佑海⁵, 杜彦君⁵, 丁琼¹^,²^,^*()

1.海南大学生态学院, 海口 570228
2.海南大学海南省农林环境过程与生态调控重点实验室, 海口 570228
3.北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院微生物研究所, 北京 100083
4.海南热带雨林国家公园管理局吊罗山分局, 海南陵水 572400
5.海南大学林学院, 海口 570228

收稿日期:2024-03-07 接受日期:2024-06-03 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-06-14
通讯作者: *E-mail: dingqiong@hainanu.edu.cn
基金资助:
海南国家公园研究院项目(KY-22ZK02);海南省林业局项目(HD-KYH-2020008-5)

Identifying biodiversity hotspots and conservation gaps in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park based on macrofungi and plants perspectives

Yanli Wang¹^,², Ying Zhang³, Chunlin Qi¹^,², Changda Zhang⁴, Youhai Shi⁵, Yanjun Du⁵, Qiong Ding¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
2. Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
3. Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
4. Diaoluoshan Sub-bureau of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration, Lingshui, Hainan 572400, China
5. School of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

Received:2024-03-07 Accepted:2024-06-03 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-06-14
Contact: *E-mail: dingqiong@hainanu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Hainan National Park Research Institute project(KY-22ZK02);Hainan Forestry Bureau project(HD-KYH-2020008-5)

1. 附录.pdf(196KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

预测受威胁物种的适生区、识别生物多样性热点区域, 对制定科学合理的保护策略极为重要。目前适生区及生物多样性热点区的识别研究在动植物中的应用较多, 而在大型真菌中的应用较少。本研究基于2013−2022年在海南岛进行的大型真菌和植物多样性本底调查获得的物种名录和分布信息, 及GBIF公共数据库资源, 筛选出受威胁或需优先保护的16种大型真菌和45种植物。采用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型, 首先预测单个目标物种在国家公园内的适生区, 通过图层叠加识别大型真菌、植物的多样性热点区域, 将大型真菌和植物同时纳入热点区域分析, 比较二者异同, 并与当前海南热带雨林国家公园的边界进行比较, 评估国家公园对真菌和植物的保护成效和空缺。研究结果显示: 海南岛全域大型真菌、植物多样性热点区域总面积分别为271.9 km²、889.0 km², 其中大型真菌与植物重叠的热点区域为214.0 km² (78.7%), 而非重叠的热点区域面积分别为57.9 km²和675.0 km²; 大型真菌在海南岛东北沿海区域形成较大面积(2,412.8 km²)的次热点区域, 而该区域为植物的冷点区域; 同时考虑大型真菌和植物时, 海南岛全域热点区域为601.0 km², 其中位于国家公园和国家公园核心保护区的面积分别为572.8 km² (95.3%)和518.2 km² (86.2%), 主要集中在海拔700-1,200 m的山地雨林区; 国家公园内有54.6 km²热点区域位于一般管控区内, 28.2 km²的热点区域位于热带雨林国家公园界外的海南岛东南部, 应加强对这些区域的生物多样性保护。在生物多样性热点区域识别分析中, 将大型真菌纳入考查范围将能更有效地保护生物多样性和生态系统的完整性。

关键词: 大型真菌, 受威胁物种, 最大熵模型, 生物多样性热点区域, 保护空缺区域

Abstract

Aims Predicting the suitable habitats for threatened species and identifying biodiversity hotspots are highly effective for developing scientifically sound biodiversity conservation strategies. However, current research on the identification of suitable habitats and biodiversity hotspots primarily focused on animals and plants, with little consideration for macrofungi.

Methods We used species lists and distribution information obtained from baseline surveys of macrofungi and plant diversity conducted on Hainan Island between 2013 and 2022, as well as resources from the GBIF public database, to screen macrofungi (16 species) and plants (45) that were threatened or in need of priority protection. Using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, the suitable habitats for individual target species within the national park were first predicted. Biodiversity hotspot areas for macrofungi and plants were identified through distribution map layers overlay, and the similarities and differences between them were compared. These results were then compared with the current boundaries of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park to evaluate the effectiveness and gaps in the protection of macrofungi and plants by the national park.

Results The results showed that the total area of biodiversity hotspot regions for macrofungi and plants across Hainan Island was 271.9 km² and 889.0 km², respectively, with an overlapping hotspot area of 214.0 km² (78.7%). Non-overlapping hotspot areas were 57.9 km² for macrofungi and 675.0 km² for plants. Macrofungi formed a substantial secondary hotspot region (2,412.8 km²) in the northeastern coastal area of Hainan Island, which was a cold spot region for plants. When considering both macrofungi and plants, the total hotspot area across Hainan Island was 601.0 km², with 572.8 km² (95.3%) located within the national park and 518.2 km² (86.2%) within the core protection zone of the national park, mainly concentrated in the mountain rainforest at an altitude of 700-1,200 m. There were 54.6 km² of hotspot areas within the general control zone of the national park and 28.2 km² of hotspot areas located outside the boundaries of the tropical rainforest national park in southeastern Hainan Island.

Conclusion Biodiversity conservation should be strengthened in these areas. Including macrofungi in biodiversity hotspot identification analysis can more effectively protect biodiversity and the integrity of ecosystems.

Key words: macrofungi, threatened species, maximum entropy model, biodiversity hotspots, conservation gaps

王艳丽, 张英, 戚春林, 张昌达, 史佑海, 杜彦君, 丁琼 (2024) 海南热带雨林国家公园生物多样性热点与保护空缺区域识别: 基于大型真菌与植物视角. 生物多样性, 32, 24081. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024081.

Yanli Wang, Ying Zhang, Chunlin Qi, Changda Zhang, Youhai Shi, Yanjun Du, Qiong Ding (2024) Identifying biodiversity hotspots and conservation gaps in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park based on macrofungi and plants perspectives. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24081. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024081.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024081

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I7/24081

图/表 6

图1 海南岛大型真菌与受威胁植物调查样点分布(a)和吊罗山分局目标物种野外调查1 km × 1 km网格分布图(b)

Fig. 1 Sampling points for macrofungi (red triangles) and threatened plants (green triangles) survey in Hainan Island (a), and the 1 km × 1 km grid for the field investigation of target species in the Diaoluoshan Sub-bureau areas (b)

图2 环境变量对海南岛大型真菌(a)与植物(b)的贡献率(只展示贡献率排名前10的环境变量)。环境变量全称见附录2。

Fig. 2 Contribution of environmental variables to macrofungi (a) and plants in Hainan Island (b) (show only the top ten environmental variables). Full names of the environment variables see Appendix 2.

图3 海南岛大型真菌(a)､植物(b)、大型真菌-植物的多样性热点区域(c) (仅展示有热点区分布的海南岛区域)以及热点的海拔频度分布(d)。红色虚线表示均值线。

Fig. 3 Diversity hotspots of macrofungi (a), plants (b), macrofungi-plants (c) (only Hainan Island with distribution of hotspots was intercepted), and the frequency distribution of hotspots by altitude (d). The red dashed line indicates the mean value line.

表1 目标物种的热点区域在海南岛、海南热带雨林国家公园不同分区的面积与比例

Table 1 Hot areas and their percentage occupation of target species in different zones of Hainan Island and Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (NP)

	在海南岛内的面积 Area within Hainan Island (km²)	在国家公园核心保护区的面积/比例 Area/proportion in NP core protected zone (km²/%)	在国家公园一般控制区的面积/比例 Area/proportion in NP general control zone (km²/%)
真菌热点区域 Macrofungi hotspot area	271.9	199.6/73.4	15.2/5.6
植物热点区域 Plant hotspot area	889.0	695.7/78.3	97.6/10.9
真菌-植物热点区域 Macrofungi-plant hotspot area	601.0	518.2/86.2	54.6/9.1

表2 海南岛大型真菌和植物热点区域面积对比

Table 2 Comparison of hotspot areas for macrofungi and plants in Hainan Island

	植物独占区面积 Exclusive area of plant (km²)	大型真菌独占区面积 Exclusive area of macrofungi (km²)	重叠面积 Overlapping area (km²)
冷点区域 Coldspot area	16,695.0	8,769.5	1,754.7
次冷点区域 Sub-coldspot area	5,358.2	7,318.1	2,426.5
中等区域 Moderate area	4,428.2	10,840.3	106.2
次热点区域 Sub-hotspot area	2,134.4	2,305.0	107.8
热点区域 Hotspot area	675.0	57.9	214.0

图4 所有目标物种(61种)在海南岛的热点与保护空缺分布(仅展示有热点分布的海南岛区域)

Fig. 4 The distribution of hotspot and conservation gaps of all target species (61 species) on Hainan Island (only Hainan Island with distribution of hotspots was intercepted)

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海南热带雨林国家公园生物多样性热点与保护空缺区域识别: 基于大型真菌与植物视角

Identifying biodiversity hotspots and conservation gaps in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park based on macrofungi and plants perspectives

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