生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 22533. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022533
张鹤露1,2, 赵美红1,2, 孙世春2,3, 刘晓收1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2022-09-18
接受日期:
2022-11-28
出版日期:
2023-05-20
发布日期:
2023-05-23
通讯作者:
* E-mail: 基金资助:
Helu Zhang1,2, Meihong Zhao1,2, Shichun Sun2,3, Xiaoshou Liu1,2,*()
Received:
2022-09-18
Accepted:
2022-11-28
Online:
2023-05-20
Published:
2023-05-23
Contact:
* E-mail: 摘要:
自由生活线虫作为良好指示物种, 在生态环境监测中具有较大应用潜力。研究青藏高原盐湖自由生活线虫对完善高原底栖生物群落和生态环境评估体系具有重要意义。本研究于2020年7-8月对中国西藏自治区那曲市其香错、达则错、依布茶卡等11个高原盐湖的自由生活线虫及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析。结果表明, 自由生活线虫总平均丰度为13.98 ± 22.21 ind./10 cm2, 高盐湖泊(32.31-49.85) (19.33 ± 29.99 ind./10 cm2)高于寡盐湖泊(0.64-4.70) (12.43 ± 4.18 ind./10 cm2)和中盐湖泊(10.20-11.82) (3.67 ± 0.73 ind./10 cm2)。共鉴定出自由生活线虫17科21属, 以Procephalobus、Trilobus、Miranema等为优势属, 其中Procephalobus丰度最高, 占自由生活线虫总丰度的47.1%。自由生活线虫群落优势摄食类型为藻食者(59.7%), 其数量与初级生产力和硅藻丰度密切相关。高原盐湖间自由生活线虫丰度和群落结构差异主要与沉积物有机质含量、底层水盐度、沉积物含水量的空间变化有关; 盐度对自由生活线虫的丰度影响不显著, 而群落结构的差异则与盐度相关。研究区域自由生活线虫优势属与其他高盐地区存在差异, 这可能与气候特征、环境胁迫、人类扰动等因素有关, 有待于未来进一步研究证实。
张鹤露, 赵美红, 孙世春, 刘晓收 (2023) 西藏那曲市高原盐湖自由生活线虫群落多样性与结构特征. 生物多样性, 31, 22533. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022533.
Helu Zhang, Meihong Zhao, Shichun Sun, Xiaoshou Liu (2023) Diversity and community characteristics of free-living nematodes in plateau salt lakes in Nagqu City, Tibet. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22533. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022533.
图1 西藏那曲市高原盐湖采样站位图。上图为所有盐湖,下图为其香错。
Fig. 1 Map of the sampling sites in plateau salt lakes in Nagqu City, Tibet. The picture above is all salt lakes and the picture below is Kyêbxang Co.
湖泊 Lakes | 东经 Longitude (E) | 北纬 Latitude (N) | 沉积物类型 Type of sediment | 温度 (T, ℃) | 盐度 (Sal) | pH | 中值粒径 (Md, mm) | 含水量 (W, %) | 有机质 含量 (OM, %) | 叶绿素a 含量 (Chl-a, μg/g) | 溶解氧 含量 (DO, mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
崩则错 Pongcê Co (BZC) | 88°38′ | 32°04′ | 含砾砂 Gravelly sand | 20.60 | 0.64 | 8.90 | 1.180 | 15.8 | 3.4 | 0.060 | 6.81 |
查下不错 Chaxiabu Co (CXBC) | 87°52′ | 31°55′ | 含砾砂 Gravelly sand | 19.18 | 2.89 | 8.96 | 0.250 | 23.6 | 0.3 | 0.160 | 6.42 |
果根错 Gogen Co (GGC) | 89°10′ | 32°21′ | 含砾砂 Gravelly sand | 12.74 | 4.67 | 8.98 | 0.300 | 13.6 | 1.6 | 0.669 | 7.26 |
瀑赛尔错 Bobsêr Co (PSEC) | 89°29′ | 32°22′ | 砂质砾 Sandy gravel | 13.53 | 4.70 | 9.00 | 0.650 | 16.0 | 0.5 | 1.659 | 6.62 |
郭加林错 Guojialun Co (GJLC) | 88°31′ | 32°01′ | 砾质砂 Gravelly sand | 16.14 | 10.20 | 8.94 | 0.190 | 15.2 | 0.4 | 0.049 | 5.38 |
达则错 Dagze Co (DZC) | 87°23′ | 31°49′ | 含砾砂 Gravelly sand | 18.86 | 11.82 | 8.19 | 0.180 | 21.3 | 1.5 | 0.391 | 6.62 |
羊纳朋错 Yangnapeng Co (YNPC) | 89°47′ | 32°19′ | 砾质砂 Gravelly sand | 18.55 | 32.31 | 9.03 | 0.360 | 14.6 | 0.9 | 1.600 | 3.58 |
班戈错 Bangkog Co (BGC) | 89°25′ | 31°44′ | 含砾泥质砂 Gravelly muddy sand | 14.40 | 44.25 | 9.24 | 0.200 | 36.4 | 1.9 | 2.527 | 7.20 |
岗塘错 Gangtang Co (GTC) | 86°39′ | 33°10′ | 含砾砂 Gravelly sand | 13.78 | 45.52 | 8.85 | 0.340 | 17.0 | 1.0 | 0.111 | 3.73 |
依布茶卡 Yibug Caka (YBCK) | 86°40′ | 32°59′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 16.32 | 49.85 | 8.76 | 0.206 | 58.3 | 12.6 | 1.619 | 5.36 |
其香错 Kyêbxang Co (QXC) | 89°59′ | 32°27′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 14.20 | 44.35 | 9.03 | 0.190 | 49.1 | 5.0 | 0.570 | 5.45 |
H6 | 90°02′ | 32°30′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 14.54 | 41.22 | 9.00 | 0.229 | 40.7 | 2.8 | 0.706 | 4.62 |
B2 | 89°53′ | 32°24′ | 砂 Sand | 14.04 | 41.23 | 8.95 | 0.221 | 46.3 | 2.9 | 0.612 | 5.45 |
H4 | 90°02′ | 32°27′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 14.78 | 41.31 | 9.04 | 0.161 | 44.1 | 1.9 | 0.887 | 4.74 |
C3 | 89°55′ | 32°26′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 13.70 | 42.33 | 9.11 | 0.182 | 46.4 | 3.6 | 0.557 | 7.60 |
F2 | 89°59′ | 32°24′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 13.72 | 42.98 | 9.10 | 0.183 | 53.0 | 4.5 | 0.344 | 4.85 |
D2 | 89°56′ | 32°24′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 14.09 | 44.73 | 9.00 | 0.184 | 51.5 | 7.8 | 0.474 | 5.09 |
F4 | 89°59′ | 32°27′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 14.16 | 49.20 | 9.11 | 0.160 | 60.6 | 8.6 | 0.599 | 6.46 |
D4 | 89°56′ | 32°27′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 14.56 | 51.81 | 8.89 | 0.229 | 49.6 | 7.2 | 0.401 | 4.78 |
表1 西藏那曲市各调查湖泊环境因子(H6-D4站位为其香错)
Table 1 Environmental variables of the sampling lakes in Nagqu City, Tibet (Station H6-D4 belongs to Kyêbxang Co)
湖泊 Lakes | 东经 Longitude (E) | 北纬 Latitude (N) | 沉积物类型 Type of sediment | 温度 (T, ℃) | 盐度 (Sal) | pH | 中值粒径 (Md, mm) | 含水量 (W, %) | 有机质 含量 (OM, %) | 叶绿素a 含量 (Chl-a, μg/g) | 溶解氧 含量 (DO, mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
崩则错 Pongcê Co (BZC) | 88°38′ | 32°04′ | 含砾砂 Gravelly sand | 20.60 | 0.64 | 8.90 | 1.180 | 15.8 | 3.4 | 0.060 | 6.81 |
查下不错 Chaxiabu Co (CXBC) | 87°52′ | 31°55′ | 含砾砂 Gravelly sand | 19.18 | 2.89 | 8.96 | 0.250 | 23.6 | 0.3 | 0.160 | 6.42 |
果根错 Gogen Co (GGC) | 89°10′ | 32°21′ | 含砾砂 Gravelly sand | 12.74 | 4.67 | 8.98 | 0.300 | 13.6 | 1.6 | 0.669 | 7.26 |
瀑赛尔错 Bobsêr Co (PSEC) | 89°29′ | 32°22′ | 砂质砾 Sandy gravel | 13.53 | 4.70 | 9.00 | 0.650 | 16.0 | 0.5 | 1.659 | 6.62 |
郭加林错 Guojialun Co (GJLC) | 88°31′ | 32°01′ | 砾质砂 Gravelly sand | 16.14 | 10.20 | 8.94 | 0.190 | 15.2 | 0.4 | 0.049 | 5.38 |
达则错 Dagze Co (DZC) | 87°23′ | 31°49′ | 含砾砂 Gravelly sand | 18.86 | 11.82 | 8.19 | 0.180 | 21.3 | 1.5 | 0.391 | 6.62 |
羊纳朋错 Yangnapeng Co (YNPC) | 89°47′ | 32°19′ | 砾质砂 Gravelly sand | 18.55 | 32.31 | 9.03 | 0.360 | 14.6 | 0.9 | 1.600 | 3.58 |
班戈错 Bangkog Co (BGC) | 89°25′ | 31°44′ | 含砾泥质砂 Gravelly muddy sand | 14.40 | 44.25 | 9.24 | 0.200 | 36.4 | 1.9 | 2.527 | 7.20 |
岗塘错 Gangtang Co (GTC) | 86°39′ | 33°10′ | 含砾砂 Gravelly sand | 13.78 | 45.52 | 8.85 | 0.340 | 17.0 | 1.0 | 0.111 | 3.73 |
依布茶卡 Yibug Caka (YBCK) | 86°40′ | 32°59′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 16.32 | 49.85 | 8.76 | 0.206 | 58.3 | 12.6 | 1.619 | 5.36 |
其香错 Kyêbxang Co (QXC) | 89°59′ | 32°27′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 14.20 | 44.35 | 9.03 | 0.190 | 49.1 | 5.0 | 0.570 | 5.45 |
H6 | 90°02′ | 32°30′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 14.54 | 41.22 | 9.00 | 0.229 | 40.7 | 2.8 | 0.706 | 4.62 |
B2 | 89°53′ | 32°24′ | 砂 Sand | 14.04 | 41.23 | 8.95 | 0.221 | 46.3 | 2.9 | 0.612 | 5.45 |
H4 | 90°02′ | 32°27′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 14.78 | 41.31 | 9.04 | 0.161 | 44.1 | 1.9 | 0.887 | 4.74 |
C3 | 89°55′ | 32°26′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 13.70 | 42.33 | 9.11 | 0.182 | 46.4 | 3.6 | 0.557 | 7.60 |
F2 | 89°59′ | 32°24′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 13.72 | 42.98 | 9.10 | 0.183 | 53.0 | 4.5 | 0.344 | 4.85 |
D2 | 89°56′ | 32°24′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 14.09 | 44.73 | 9.00 | 0.184 | 51.5 | 7.8 | 0.474 | 5.09 |
F4 | 89°59′ | 32°27′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 14.16 | 49.20 | 9.11 | 0.160 | 60.6 | 8.6 | 0.599 | 6.46 |
D4 | 89°56′ | 32°27′ | 粉砂质砂 Chalky sand | 14.56 | 51.81 | 8.89 | 0.229 | 49.6 | 7.2 | 0.401 | 4.78 |
图2 西藏那曲市所有盐湖(A)和其香错(B)环境因子PCA分析结果。湖泊缩写含义见表1。
Fig. 2 Principal component analysis (PCA) results of environmental factors of all salt lakes (A) and Kyêbxang Co (B) in Nagqu City, Tibet. Abbreviation meanings are shown in Table 1.
图3 西藏那曲市所有盐湖(A)和其香错(B)自由生活线虫丰度。缩写含义见表1。
Fig. 3 Free-living nematode abundance of all salt lakes (A) and Kyêbxang Co (B) in Nagqu City, Tibet. Abbreviation meanings are shown in Table 1.
图4 西藏那曲市所有盐湖(A)和其香错(B)自由生活线虫属占比。缩写含义见表1。
Fig. 4 Percentage of genera of free-living nematodes of all salt lakes (A) and Kyêbxang Co (B) in Nagqu City, Tibet. Abbreviation meanings are shown in Table 1.
湖泊 Lakes | 物种数 No. of species (S) | Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (d) | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J') | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') | Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index (1 - λ) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
崩则错 Pongcê Co | 2 | 0.44 | 0.81 | 0.59 | 0.81 |
查下不错 Chaxiabu Co | 2 | - | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.92 |
果根错 Gogen Co | 3 | 0.79 | 0.34 | 0.21 | 0.53 |
瀑赛尔错 Bobsêr Co | 4 | 2.10 | 0.73 | 0.35 | 1.45 |
郭加林错 Guojialun Co | 2 | 2.60 | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.92 |
达则错 Dagze Co | 3 | 5.20 | 0.79 | 0.00 | 1.25 |
羊纳朋错 Yangnapeng Co | 2 | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 |
班戈错 Bangkog Co | 1 | - | - | - | 0.00 |
其香错 Kyêbxang Co | 12 | 3.61 | 0.57 | 1.04 | 2.05 |
岗塘错 Gangtang Co | 3 | 5.20 | 0.79 | 0.00 | 1.25 |
依布茶卡 Yibug Caka | 1 | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 |
表2 西藏那曲市高原盐湖自由生活线虫群落的多样性指数
Table 2 Biodiversity indices of free-living nematode communities of plateau salt lakes in Nagqu City, Tibet
湖泊 Lakes | 物种数 No. of species (S) | Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (d) | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J') | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') | Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index (1 - λ) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
崩则错 Pongcê Co | 2 | 0.44 | 0.81 | 0.59 | 0.81 |
查下不错 Chaxiabu Co | 2 | - | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.92 |
果根错 Gogen Co | 3 | 0.79 | 0.34 | 0.21 | 0.53 |
瀑赛尔错 Bobsêr Co | 4 | 2.10 | 0.73 | 0.35 | 1.45 |
郭加林错 Guojialun Co | 2 | 2.60 | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.92 |
达则错 Dagze Co | 3 | 5.20 | 0.79 | 0.00 | 1.25 |
羊纳朋错 Yangnapeng Co | 2 | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 |
班戈错 Bangkog Co | 1 | - | - | - | 0.00 |
其香错 Kyêbxang Co | 12 | 3.61 | 0.57 | 1.04 | 2.05 |
岗塘错 Gangtang Co | 3 | 5.20 | 0.79 | 0.00 | 1.25 |
依布茶卡 Yibug Caka | 1 | 0.00 | - | - | 0.00 |
图5 西藏那曲市所有盐湖(A)和其香错(B)自由生活线虫4种摄食类型占比。缩写含义见表1。
Fig. 5 Percentage of four feeding types of free-living nematodes of all salt lakes (A) and Kyêbxang Co (B) in Nagqu City, Tibet. Abbreviation meanings are shown in Table 1.
图6 西藏那曲市高原盐湖自由生活线虫群落聚类分析图。缩写含义见表1。
Fig. 6 Cluster analysis of free-living nematode communities of plateau salt lakes in Nagqu City, Tibet. Abbreviation meanings are shown in Table 1.
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