西藏那曲市高原盐湖自由生活线虫群落多样性与结构特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2022533

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 22533. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022533

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

西藏那曲市高原盐湖自由生活线虫群落多样性与结构特征

张鹤露¹^,², 赵美红¹^,², 孙世春²^,³, 刘晓收¹^,²^,^*()

1.中国海洋大学海洋生命学院, 山东青岛 266003
2.中国海洋大学海洋生物多样性与进化研究所, 山东青岛 266003
3.中国海洋大学水产学院, 山东青岛 266003

收稿日期:2022-09-18 接受日期:2022-11-28 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-23
通讯作者: * E-mail: liuxs@ouc.edu.cn
基金资助:
西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202102YD0022C);西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ201703-GB-04);国家自然科学基金(41976131)

Diversity and community characteristics of free-living nematodes in plateau salt lakes in Nagqu City, Tibet

Helu Zhang¹^,², Meihong Zhao¹^,², Shichun Sun²^,³, Xiaoshou Liu¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003
2. Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003
3. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003

Received:2022-09-18 Accepted:2022-11-28 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-23
Contact: * E-mail: liuxs@ouc.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自由生活线虫作为良好指示物种, 在生态环境监测中具有较大应用潜力。研究青藏高原盐湖自由生活线虫对完善高原底栖生物群落和生态环境评估体系具有重要意义。本研究于2020年7-8月对中国西藏自治区那曲市其香错、达则错、依布茶卡等11个高原盐湖的自由生活线虫及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析。结果表明, 自由生活线虫总平均丰度为13.98 ± 22.21 ind./10 cm², 高盐湖泊(32.31-49.85) (19.33 ± 29.99 ind./10 cm²)高于寡盐湖泊(0.64-4.70) (12.43 ± 4.18 ind./10 cm²)和中盐湖泊(10.20-11.82) (3.67 ± 0.73 ind./10 cm²)。共鉴定出自由生活线虫17科21属, 以Procephalobus、Trilobus、Miranema等为优势属, 其中Procephalobus丰度最高, 占自由生活线虫总丰度的47.1%。自由生活线虫群落优势摄食类型为藻食者(59.7%), 其数量与初级生产力和硅藻丰度密切相关。高原盐湖间自由生活线虫丰度和群落结构差异主要与沉积物有机质含量、底层水盐度、沉积物含水量的空间变化有关; 盐度对自由生活线虫的丰度影响不显著, 而群落结构的差异则与盐度相关。研究区域自由生活线虫优势属与其他高盐地区存在差异, 这可能与气候特征、环境胁迫、人类扰动等因素有关, 有待于未来进一步研究证实。

关键词: 盐湖, 自由生活线虫, 多样性, 群落结构, 青藏高原

Abstract

Aim: Being considered effective indicator species, free-living nematodes have great application potential in ecological monitoring. Therefore, the study of free-living nematodes in the Tibetan Plateau salt lakes may be of great importance to improve the benthic communities and ecological environment assessment systems for plateau salt lakes. The aim of this study is to assess diversity and community structure of free-living nematodes.
Methods: Quantitative investigations of free-living nematodes and their relationships with environmental factors were conducted by collecting sediment samples in 11 plateau salt lakes, including Kyêbxang Co, Dagze Co and Yibug Caka etc. in Nagqu City, Tibet, China, from July to August 2020.
Results: Total average abundance of free-living nematodes was 13.98 ± 22.21 ind./10 cm². The abundance of free-living nematodes in euhalines (32.31-49.85) (19.33 ± 29.99 ind./10 cm²) was higher than those in oligohalines (0.64-4.70) (12.43 ± 4.18 ind./10 cm²) and mesohalines (10.20-11.82) (3.67 ± 0.73 ind./10 cm²). A total of 21 genera, belonging to 17 families, of free-living nematodes were identified, with Procephalobus, Trilobus, Miranema as the dominant genera, among which Procephalobus was the most abundant, accounting for 47.1% of the total free-living nematode that were identified. The dominant feeding type of free-living nematodes were algal feeders (59.7%), which was closely related to the abundance of primary producers and diatom abundance.
Conclusion: Differences in free-living nematode abundance and community structure in the plateau salt lakes in Tibet were mainly related to spatial variations in sediment organic matter content, bottom water salinity, and sediment water content. Salinity had no significant effects on the abundance of free-living nematodes. However, differences in community structure were positively correlated to salinity. In addition, the most abundant genera in the study lakes were different when compared to other lakes with high salinity. This could possibly be due to specific climatic characteristics, environmental stress, and human disturbance in the site and should be confirmed with further studies.

Key words: salt lakes, free-living nematode, diversity, community structure, Tibetan Plateau

张鹤露, 赵美红, 孙世春, 刘晓收 (2023) 西藏那曲市高原盐湖自由生活线虫群落多样性与结构特征. 生物多样性, 31, 22533. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022533.

Helu Zhang, Meihong Zhao, Shichun Sun, Xiaoshou Liu (2023) Diversity and community characteristics of free-living nematodes in plateau salt lakes in Nagqu City, Tibet. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22533. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022533.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022533

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I5/22533

图/表 8

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湖泊 Lakes	东经 Longitude (E)	北纬 Latitude (N)	沉积物类型 Type of sediment	温度 (T, ℃)	盐度 (Sal)	pH	中值粒径 (Md, mm)	含水量 (W, %)	有机质含量 (OM, %)	叶绿素a 含量 (Chl-a, μg/g)	溶解氧含量 (DO, mg/L)
崩则错 Pongcê Co (BZC)	88°38′	32°04′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	20.60	0.64	8.90	1.180	15.8	3.4	0.060	6.81
查下不错 Chaxiabu Co (CXBC)	87°52′	31°55′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	19.18	2.89	8.96	0.250	23.6	0.3	0.160	6.42
果根错 Gogen Co (GGC)	89°10′	32°21′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	12.74	4.67	8.98	0.300	13.6	1.6	0.669	7.26
瀑赛尔错 Bobsêr Co (PSEC)	89°29′	32°22′	砂质砾 Sandy gravel	13.53	4.70	9.00	0.650	16.0	0.5	1.659	6.62
郭加林错 Guojialun Co (GJLC)	88°31′	32°01′	砾质砂 Gravelly sand	16.14	10.20	8.94	0.190	15.2	0.4	0.049	5.38
达则错 Dagze Co (DZC)	87°23′	31°49′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	18.86	11.82	8.19	0.180	21.3	1.5	0.391	6.62
羊纳朋错 Yangnapeng Co (YNPC)	89°47′	32°19′	砾质砂 Gravelly sand	18.55	32.31	9.03	0.360	14.6	0.9	1.600	3.58
班戈错 Bangkog Co (BGC)	89°25′	31°44′	含砾泥质砂 Gravelly muddy sand	14.40	44.25	9.24	0.200	36.4	1.9	2.527	7.20
岗塘错 Gangtang Co (GTC)	86°39′	33°10′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	13.78	45.52	8.85	0.340	17.0	1.0	0.111	3.73
依布茶卡 Yibug Caka (YBCK)	86°40′	32°59′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	16.32	49.85	8.76	0.206	58.3	12.6	1.619	5.36
其香错 Kyêbxang Co (QXC)	89°59′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.20	44.35	9.03	0.190	49.1	5.0	0.570	5.45
H6	90°02′	32°30′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.54	41.22	9.00	0.229	40.7	2.8	0.706	4.62
B2	89°53′	32°24′	砂 Sand	14.04	41.23	8.95	0.221	46.3	2.9	0.612	5.45
H4	90°02′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.78	41.31	9.04	0.161	44.1	1.9	0.887	4.74
C3	89°55′	32°26′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	13.70	42.33	9.11	0.182	46.4	3.6	0.557	7.60
F2	89°59′	32°24′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	13.72	42.98	9.10	0.183	53.0	4.5	0.344	4.85
D2	89°56′	32°24′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.09	44.73	9.00	0.184	51.5	7.8	0.474	5.09
F4	89°59′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.16	49.20	9.11	0.160	60.6	8.6	0.599	6.46
D4	89°56′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.56	51.81	8.89	0.229	49.6	7.2	0.401	4.78

湖泊 Lakes	东经 Longitude (E)	北纬 Latitude (N)	沉积物类型 Type of sediment	温度 (T, ℃)	盐度 (Sal)	pH	中值粒径 (Md, mm)	含水量 (W, %)	有机质含量 (OM, %)	叶绿素a 含量 (Chl-a, μg/g)	溶解氧含量 (DO, mg/L)
崩则错 Pongcê Co (BZC)	88°38′	32°04′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	20.60	0.64	8.90	1.180	15.8	3.4	0.060	6.81
查下不错 Chaxiabu Co (CXBC)	87°52′	31°55′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	19.18	2.89	8.96	0.250	23.6	0.3	0.160	6.42
果根错 Gogen Co (GGC)	89°10′	32°21′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	12.74	4.67	8.98	0.300	13.6	1.6	0.669	7.26
瀑赛尔错 Bobsêr Co (PSEC)	89°29′	32°22′	砂质砾 Sandy gravel	13.53	4.70	9.00	0.650	16.0	0.5	1.659	6.62
郭加林错 Guojialun Co (GJLC)	88°31′	32°01′	砾质砂 Gravelly sand	16.14	10.20	8.94	0.190	15.2	0.4	0.049	5.38
达则错 Dagze Co (DZC)	87°23′	31°49′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	18.86	11.82	8.19	0.180	21.3	1.5	0.391	6.62
羊纳朋错 Yangnapeng Co (YNPC)	89°47′	32°19′	砾质砂 Gravelly sand	18.55	32.31	9.03	0.360	14.6	0.9	1.600	3.58
班戈错 Bangkog Co (BGC)	89°25′	31°44′	含砾泥质砂 Gravelly muddy sand	14.40	44.25	9.24	0.200	36.4	1.9	2.527	7.20
岗塘错 Gangtang Co (GTC)	86°39′	33°10′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	13.78	45.52	8.85	0.340	17.0	1.0	0.111	3.73
依布茶卡 Yibug Caka (YBCK)	86°40′	32°59′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	16.32	49.85	8.76	0.206	58.3	12.6	1.619	5.36
其香错 Kyêbxang Co (QXC)	89°59′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.20	44.35	9.03	0.190	49.1	5.0	0.570	5.45
H6	90°02′	32°30′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.54	41.22	9.00	0.229	40.7	2.8	0.706	4.62
B2	89°53′	32°24′	砂 Sand	14.04	41.23	8.95	0.221	46.3	2.9	0.612	5.45
H4	90°02′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.78	41.31	9.04	0.161	44.1	1.9	0.887	4.74
C3	89°55′	32°26′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	13.70	42.33	9.11	0.182	46.4	3.6	0.557	7.60
F2	89°59′	32°24′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	13.72	42.98	9.10	0.183	53.0	4.5	0.344	4.85
D2	89°56′	32°24′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.09	44.73	9.00	0.184	51.5	7.8	0.474	5.09
F4	89°59′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.16	49.20	9.11	0.160	60.6	8.6	0.599	6.46
D4	89°56′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.56	51.81	8.89	0.229	49.6	7.2	0.401	4.78

湖泊 Lakes	物种数 No. of species (S)	Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (d)	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J')	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H')	Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index (1 - λ)
崩则错 Pongcê Co	2	0.44	0.81	0.59	0.81
查下不错 Chaxiabu Co	2	-	0.92	0.00	0.92
果根错 Gogen Co	3	0.79	0.34	0.21	0.53
瀑赛尔错 Bobsêr Co	4	2.10	0.73	0.35	1.45
郭加林错 Guojialun Co	2	2.60	0.92	0.00	0.92
达则错 Dagze Co	3	5.20	0.79	0.00	1.25
羊纳朋错 Yangnapeng Co	2	-	1.00	-	1.00
班戈错 Bangkog Co	1	-	-	-	0.00
其香错 Kyêbxang Co	12	3.61	0.57	1.04	2.05
岗塘错 Gangtang Co	3	5.20	0.79	0.00	1.25
依布茶卡 Yibug Caka	1	0.00	-	-	0.00

湖泊 Lakes	物种数 No. of species (S)	Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (d)	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J')	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H')	Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index (1 - λ)
崩则错 Pongcê Co	2	0.44	0.81	0.59	0.81
查下不错 Chaxiabu Co	2	-	0.92	0.00	0.92
果根错 Gogen Co	3	0.79	0.34	0.21	0.53
瀑赛尔错 Bobsêr Co	4	2.10	0.73	0.35	1.45
郭加林错 Guojialun Co	2	2.60	0.92	0.00	0.92
达则错 Dagze Co	3	5.20	0.79	0.00	1.25
羊纳朋错 Yangnapeng Co	2	-	1.00	-	1.00
班戈错 Bangkog Co	1	-	-	-	0.00
其香错 Kyêbxang Co	12	3.61	0.57	1.04	2.05
岗塘错 Gangtang Co	3	5.20	0.79	0.00	1.25
依布茶卡 Yibug Caka	1	0.00	-	-	0.00

西藏那曲市高原盐湖自由生活线虫群落多样性与结构特征

Diversity and community characteristics of free-living nematodes in plateau salt lakes in Nagqu City, Tibet

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