海南岛维管植物物种多样性的现状

doi:10.17520/biods.2016002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热带岛屿的植物多样性一直是全球生物多样性保护的重点和热点。海南岛地处热带北缘, 是中国的第二大岛屿, 具有丰富的植物多样性。经过近几十年的考察研究, 关于海南岛的植物物种数量出现了多个版本。本文通过文献梳理和野外考证的方法进行了全面的植物多样性调查, 以确定其维管植物种数。结果表明: 截止到2015年12月, 海南岛记录并能考证实物或标本的维管植物共有6,036种, 包括野生种4,579种(含特有植物483种和珍稀濒危植物512种)、外来逸生及归化植物163种(含外来入侵种57种)、外来引种的纯栽培植物1,294种。自1964-1977年《海南植物志》出版至今, 新增野生及引种的栽培植物所占的比例均较大, 分别占海南岛野生和栽培植物总种数的35.9%和75.9%。本文还对其中1,220种的拉丁学名进行了异名处理等的订正。

关键词: 植物区系, 珍稀濒危植物, 特有植物, 归化植物, 入侵植物, 引种植物

Abstract

Maintaining plant diversity on tropical islands is a priority for biodiversity conservation. Hainan Island, located in the northern tropics, is the second largest island in China with high plant diversity. Several updated plant lists of local flora have been published after decades of field investigations. In this paper, we investigated the plant diversity on Hainan Island by conducting extensive field surveys and a literature review. Results indicated that, as of December 2015, there were 6,036 vascular plants recorded on Hainan Island with voucher specimens or practical materials. Among these species, 1,220 species were revised as synonymously, 4,579 species were wild (including 483 endemic and 512 rare and endangered species), 163 were naturalized species (including 57 invasive species) and 1,294 species were cultivated species. Since the publication of Flora Hainanica in 1964-1977, a large proportion of newly recorded species were mainly wild or introduced species, and accounted for 35.9% and 75.9% of their corresponding totals, respectively.

Key words: flora, rare and endangered plants, endemic plants, naturalized plants, invasive plants, introduced plants

陈玉凯, 杨小波, 李东海, 龙文兴 (2016) 海南岛维管植物物种多样性的现状. 生物多样性, 24, 948-956. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016002.

Yukai Chen, Xiaobo Yang, Donghai Li, Wenxing Long (2016) Status of vascular plant species on Hainan Island. Biodiversity Science, 24, 948-956. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016002.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016002

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I8/948

图/表 2

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科名 Family	种数 No. of species	分布类型 Areal type	属名 Genus	种数 No. of species	分布类型 Areal type
兰科 Orchidaceae	298	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	冬青属 Ilex	42	泛热带分布 Pantropic
禾本科 Poaceae	290	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	耳草属 Hedyotis	42	泛热带分布 Pantropic
豆科 Fabaceae	222	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	榕属 Ficus	40	泛热带分布 Pantropic
茜草科 Rubiaceae	208	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	蒲桃属 Syzygium	39	旧世界热带 Old World Tropics
莎草科 Cyperaceae	181	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	飘拂草属 Fimbristylis	35	泛热带分布 Pantropic
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	159	泛热带分布 Pantropic	莎草属 Cyperus	33	世界广布 Cosmopolitan
菊科 Asteraceae	133	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	紫金牛属 Ardisia	31	泛热带分布 Pantropic
樟科 Lauraceae	108	泛热带分布 Pantropic	柯属 Lithocarpus	29	东亚和北美洲间断分布 Eastern Asian and Northern American disjunction
壳斗科 Fagaceae	75	北温带和南温带间断分布 North Temperate & South Temperate disjuncted	山矾属 Symplocos	26	泛热带分布 Pantropic
爵床科 Acanthaceae	73	泛热带分布 Pantropic	簕竹属 Bambusa	24	泛热带分布 Pantropic

科名 Family	种数 No. of species	分布类型 Areal type	属名 Genus	种数 No. of species	分布类型 Areal type
兰科 Orchidaceae	298	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	冬青属 Ilex	42	泛热带分布 Pantropic
禾本科 Poaceae	290	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	耳草属 Hedyotis	42	泛热带分布 Pantropic
豆科 Fabaceae	222	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	榕属 Ficus	40	泛热带分布 Pantropic
茜草科 Rubiaceae	208	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	蒲桃属 Syzygium	39	旧世界热带 Old World Tropics
莎草科 Cyperaceae	181	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	飘拂草属 Fimbristylis	35	泛热带分布 Pantropic
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	159	泛热带分布 Pantropic	莎草属 Cyperus	33	世界广布 Cosmopolitan
菊科 Asteraceae	133	世界广布 Cosmopolitan	紫金牛属 Ardisia	31	泛热带分布 Pantropic
樟科 Lauraceae	108	泛热带分布 Pantropic	柯属 Lithocarpus	29	东亚和北美洲间断分布 Eastern Asian and Northern American disjunction
壳斗科 Fagaceae	75	北温带和南温带间断分布 North Temperate & South Temperate disjuncted	山矾属 Symplocos	26	泛热带分布 Pantropic
爵床科 Acanthaceae	73	泛热带分布 Pantropic	簕竹属 Bambusa	24	泛热带分布 Pantropic