生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 589-595. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14085 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2014.14085
所属专题: 生物安全
崔鹏1, 徐海根1,*(), 吴军1, 丁晖1, 曹铭昌1, 卢晓强1, 雍凡1,2, 陈冰1,2
收稿日期:
2014-04-18
接受日期:
2014-09-15
出版日期:
2014-09-20
发布日期:
2014-10-09
通讯作者:
徐海根
基金资助:
Peng Cui1, Haigen Xu1,*(), Jun Wu1, Hui Ding1, Mingchang Cao1, Xiaoqiang Lu1, Fan Yong1,2, Bing Chen1,2
Received:
2014-04-18
Accepted:
2014-09-15
Online:
2014-09-20
Published:
2014-10-09
Contact:
Xu Haigen
摘要:
红色名录指数(Red List Index, RLI)是评估物种濒危状况变化趋势的最有效指标, 已经被列为联合国千年发展目标的指标之一, 在全球尺度的应用取得了很好的效果。本研究基于多来源的中国脊椎动物濒危等级评估数据, 对兽类、鸟类、两栖类、爬行类和淡水鱼类的濒危状况变化趋势进行了评估。两栖类和爬行类由于在任意两个年度同时被评估的物种数量少, 不符合计算RLI的条件, 未进行指数计算。结果表明: 1996-2008年, 兽类的RLI下降; 1998-2004年, 淡水鱼类的RLI下降; 1988-2012年, 根据Equal-steps方法计算的鸟类RLI略有下降, 但根据Extinction-risk方法计算的RLI先略有上升又呈下降趋势, 总体呈下降趋势。总体看来, 3个类群的RLI变化幅度均较小, 兽类和淡水鱼类的受威胁程度在加剧; 鸟类整体上受威胁程度虽在加剧, 但部分高濒危物种的保护状况一定程度上得到改善。建议全面开展物种濒危状况评估工作, 并根据濒危等级变化制定有效的保护计划。
崔鹏, 徐海根, 吴军, 丁晖, 曹铭昌, 卢晓强, 雍凡, 陈冰 (2014) 中国脊椎动物红色名录指数评估. 生物多样性, 22, 589-595. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14085.
Peng Cui, Haigen Xu, Jun Wu, Hui Ding, Mingchang Cao, Xiaoqiang Lu, Fan Yong, Bing Chen (2014) Assessing the Red List Index for vertebrate species in China. Biodiversity Science, 22, 589-595. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14085.
中国濒危动物红皮书(1998) China Red Data Book (1998) | 中国物种红色名录(2004) China Species Red List (2004) |
---|---|
绝灭 Extinct (EX) | |
野生绝迹 Extinct in wild (EX) | 野外绝灭 Extinct in Wild (EW) |
国内绝迹 Extirpated (ET) | 地区绝灭 Regionally Extinct (RE) |
极危 Critically Endangered (CR) | |
濒危 Endangered (E) | 濒危 Endangered (EN) |
易危 Vulnerable (V) | 易危 Vulnerable (VU) |
稀有 Rare (R) | 近危 Near Threatened (NT) |
无危 Least Concern (LC) | |
未定 Indeterminate (I) | 数据缺乏 Data Deficient (DD) |
不宜评估 Not Applicable (NA) 未予评估 Not Evaluated (NE) |
表1 中国濒危动物红皮书(1998)和中国物种红色名录(2004)物种濒危等级对应
Table 1 Red list categories in China Red Data Book (1998 and China Species Red List (2004)
中国濒危动物红皮书(1998) China Red Data Book (1998) | 中国物种红色名录(2004) China Species Red List (2004) |
---|---|
绝灭 Extinct (EX) | |
野生绝迹 Extinct in wild (EX) | 野外绝灭 Extinct in Wild (EW) |
国内绝迹 Extirpated (ET) | 地区绝灭 Regionally Extinct (RE) |
极危 Critically Endangered (CR) | |
濒危 Endangered (E) | 濒危 Endangered (EN) |
易危 Vulnerable (V) | 易危 Vulnerable (VU) |
稀有 Rare (R) | 近危 Near Threatened (NT) |
无危 Least Concern (LC) | |
未定 Indeterminate (I) | 数据缺乏 Data Deficient (DD) |
不宜评估 Not Applicable (NA) 未予评估 Not Evaluated (NE) |
图1 濒危等级变化的物种数占总物种数的累计比例。(A)兽类; (B)鸟类; (C)淡水鱼类。黑色表示受胁物种增加, 白色表示受胁物种减少。
Fig. 1 Cumulative proportion of species undergoing Red List Category changes. (A) Mammals; (B) Birds; (C) Freshwater fishes. Black color presents increased threat, and white color presents decreased threats.
中文名 Chinese name | 拉丁名 Latin name | 评估起始年份 Start year of period | 评估结束年份 End year of period | 评估起始年份濒危等级 Category at start of period | 评估结束年份濒危等级 Category at end of period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
兽类 | |||||
白头叶猴 | Trachypithecus poliocephalus | 1996 | 2008 | EN | CR |
黑长臂猿 | Nomascus concolor | 1996 | 2008 | EN | CR |
双峰驼 | Camelus bactrianus | 1996 | 2008 | EN | CR |
林麝 | Moschus berezovskii | 1996 | 2008 | NT | EN |
黑麝 | Moschus fuscus | 1996 | 2008 | NT | EN |
豺 | Cuon alpinus | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
蒙古野驴 | Equus hemionus | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
伊犁鼠兔 | Ochotona iliensis | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
藏羚羊 | Pantholops hodgsonii | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
川金丝猴 | Rhinopithecus roxellana | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
巨松鼠 | Ratufa bicolor | 1996 | 2008 | LC | NT |
鸟类 | |||||
青头潜鸭 | Aythya baeri | 1994 | 2000 | VU | EN |
青头潜鸭 | Aythya baeri | 2004 | 2008 | EN | CR |
朱鹮 | Nipponia nippon | 1994 | 2000 | CR | EN |
黑脸琵鹭 | Platalea minor | 1994 | 2000 | CR | EN |
栗头鳽 | Gorsachius goisagi | 1988 | 1994 | VU | EN |
卷羽鹈鹕 | Pelecanus crispus | 2000 | 2004 | NT | VU |
黄爪隼 | Falco naumanni | 1994 | 2000 | VU | NT |
黄爪隼 | Falco naumanni | 2000 | 2004 | NT | LC |
猎隼 | Falco cherrug | 2000 | 2004 | LC | VU |
猎隼 | Falco cherrug | 2008 | 2012 | VU | EN |
黑兀鹫 | Sarcogyps calvus | 2000 | 2004 | NT | CR |
波斑鸨 | Chlamydotis macqueenii | 1994 | 2000 | LC | NT |
波斑鸨 | Chlamydotis macqueenii | 2000 | 2004 | NT | VU |
白头鹤 | Grus monacha | 1994 | 2000 | NT | VU |
白腰杓鹬 | Numenius arquata | 1994 | 2000 | LC | NT |
勺嘴鹬 | Eurynorhynchus pygmeus | 1994 | 2000 | VU | EN |
勺嘴鹬 | Eurynorhynchus pygmeus | 2004 | 2008 | EN | CR |
遗鸥 | Larus relictus | 1994 | 2000 | NT | VU |
中亚鸽 | Columba eversmanni | 1988 | 1994 | NT | VU |
栗斑腹鹀 | Emberiza jankowskii | 2000 | 2004 | VU | EN |
黄胸鹀 | Emberiza aureola | 1994 | 2000 | NT | VU |
淡水鱼类 | |||||
施氏鲟 | Acipenser schrencki | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
达氏鲟 | Acipenser dabryanus | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
中华鲟 | Acipenser sinensis | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
鳇 | Huso dauricus | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
白鲟 | Psephurus gladius | 1998 | 2004 | EN | CR |
黑线 | Atrilinea roulei roulei | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
须鳊 | Pogobrama barbatula | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
海南 | Hainania serrata | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
小似鲴 | Xenocyprinoides parvulus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
裸腹盲鲃 | Typhlobarbus nudiventris | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
中文名 Chinese name | 拉丁名 Latin name | 评估起始年份 Start year of period | 评估结束年份 End year of period | 评估起始年份濒危等级 Category at start of period | 评估结束年份濒危等级 Category at end of period |
红鳍方口鲃 | Cosmochilus cardinalis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
袋唇鱼 | Balantiocheilus hekouensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
暗色唇鲮 | Semilabeo obscurus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
华缨鱼 | Sinocrossocheilus guizhouensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
缺须盆唇鱼 | Placocheilus cryptonemus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
长须片唇鮈 | Platysmacheilus longibarbatus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
塔里木裂腹鱼 | Schizothorax biddulphi | 1998 | 2004 | EN | CR |
鲃鲤 | Puntioplites proctozysron | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
无眼岭鳅 | Oreonectes anophthalmus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
个旧盲高原鳅 | Triplophysa gejiuensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
保亭近腹吸鳅 | Plesiomyzon baotingensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
厚唇原吸鳅 | Protomyzon pachycheilus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
湄南缺鳍鲶 | Kryptopterus moorei | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
长丝鱼芒 | Pangasius sanitwangsei | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
长丝黑鮡 | Gagata dolichonema | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
短须粒鲶 | Akysis brachybarbatus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
高体白甲鱼 | Onychostoma alticorpus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
表2 兽类、鸟类、淡水鱼类濒危等级的变化
Table 2 Red list categories of mammals, birds and freshwater fishes
中文名 Chinese name | 拉丁名 Latin name | 评估起始年份 Start year of period | 评估结束年份 End year of period | 评估起始年份濒危等级 Category at start of period | 评估结束年份濒危等级 Category at end of period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
兽类 | |||||
白头叶猴 | Trachypithecus poliocephalus | 1996 | 2008 | EN | CR |
黑长臂猿 | Nomascus concolor | 1996 | 2008 | EN | CR |
双峰驼 | Camelus bactrianus | 1996 | 2008 | EN | CR |
林麝 | Moschus berezovskii | 1996 | 2008 | NT | EN |
黑麝 | Moschus fuscus | 1996 | 2008 | NT | EN |
豺 | Cuon alpinus | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
蒙古野驴 | Equus hemionus | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
伊犁鼠兔 | Ochotona iliensis | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
藏羚羊 | Pantholops hodgsonii | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
川金丝猴 | Rhinopithecus roxellana | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
巨松鼠 | Ratufa bicolor | 1996 | 2008 | LC | NT |
鸟类 | |||||
青头潜鸭 | Aythya baeri | 1994 | 2000 | VU | EN |
青头潜鸭 | Aythya baeri | 2004 | 2008 | EN | CR |
朱鹮 | Nipponia nippon | 1994 | 2000 | CR | EN |
黑脸琵鹭 | Platalea minor | 1994 | 2000 | CR | EN |
栗头鳽 | Gorsachius goisagi | 1988 | 1994 | VU | EN |
卷羽鹈鹕 | Pelecanus crispus | 2000 | 2004 | NT | VU |
黄爪隼 | Falco naumanni | 1994 | 2000 | VU | NT |
黄爪隼 | Falco naumanni | 2000 | 2004 | NT | LC |
猎隼 | Falco cherrug | 2000 | 2004 | LC | VU |
猎隼 | Falco cherrug | 2008 | 2012 | VU | EN |
黑兀鹫 | Sarcogyps calvus | 2000 | 2004 | NT | CR |
波斑鸨 | Chlamydotis macqueenii | 1994 | 2000 | LC | NT |
波斑鸨 | Chlamydotis macqueenii | 2000 | 2004 | NT | VU |
白头鹤 | Grus monacha | 1994 | 2000 | NT | VU |
白腰杓鹬 | Numenius arquata | 1994 | 2000 | LC | NT |
勺嘴鹬 | Eurynorhynchus pygmeus | 1994 | 2000 | VU | EN |
勺嘴鹬 | Eurynorhynchus pygmeus | 2004 | 2008 | EN | CR |
遗鸥 | Larus relictus | 1994 | 2000 | NT | VU |
中亚鸽 | Columba eversmanni | 1988 | 1994 | NT | VU |
栗斑腹鹀 | Emberiza jankowskii | 2000 | 2004 | VU | EN |
黄胸鹀 | Emberiza aureola | 1994 | 2000 | NT | VU |
淡水鱼类 | |||||
施氏鲟 | Acipenser schrencki | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
达氏鲟 | Acipenser dabryanus | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
中华鲟 | Acipenser sinensis | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
鳇 | Huso dauricus | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
白鲟 | Psephurus gladius | 1998 | 2004 | EN | CR |
黑线 | Atrilinea roulei roulei | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
须鳊 | Pogobrama barbatula | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
海南 | Hainania serrata | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
小似鲴 | Xenocyprinoides parvulus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
裸腹盲鲃 | Typhlobarbus nudiventris | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
中文名 Chinese name | 拉丁名 Latin name | 评估起始年份 Start year of period | 评估结束年份 End year of period | 评估起始年份濒危等级 Category at start of period | 评估结束年份濒危等级 Category at end of period |
红鳍方口鲃 | Cosmochilus cardinalis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
袋唇鱼 | Balantiocheilus hekouensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
暗色唇鲮 | Semilabeo obscurus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
华缨鱼 | Sinocrossocheilus guizhouensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
缺须盆唇鱼 | Placocheilus cryptonemus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
长须片唇鮈 | Platysmacheilus longibarbatus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
塔里木裂腹鱼 | Schizothorax biddulphi | 1998 | 2004 | EN | CR |
鲃鲤 | Puntioplites proctozysron | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
无眼岭鳅 | Oreonectes anophthalmus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
个旧盲高原鳅 | Triplophysa gejiuensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
保亭近腹吸鳅 | Plesiomyzon baotingensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
厚唇原吸鳅 | Protomyzon pachycheilus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
湄南缺鳍鲶 | Kryptopterus moorei | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
长丝鱼芒 | Pangasius sanitwangsei | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
长丝黑鮡 | Gagata dolichonema | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
短须粒鲶 | Akysis brachybarbatus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
高体白甲鱼 | Onychostoma alticorpus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
图2 中国脊椎动物(兽类、鸟类和淡水鱼类)红色名录指数。(A) Equal-steps方法; (B) Extinction-risk方法。
Fig. 2 Red List Index of vertebrates in China (mammals, birds and freshwater fishes). (A) Equal-steps approach; (B) Extinction-risk approach.
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