生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 589-595.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14085
崔鹏1, 徐海根1,*(), 吴军1, 丁晖1, 曹铭昌1, 卢晓强1, 雍凡1,2, 陈冰1,2
收稿日期:
2014-04-18
接受日期:
2014-09-15
出版日期:
2014-09-20
发布日期:
2014-10-09
通讯作者:
徐海根
基金资助:
Peng Cui1, Haigen Xu1,*(), Jun Wu1, Hui Ding1, Mingchang Cao1, Xiaoqiang Lu1, Fan Yong1,2, Bing Chen1,2
Received:
2014-04-18
Accepted:
2014-09-15
Online:
2014-09-20
Published:
2014-10-09
Contact:
Xu Haigen
摘要:
红色名录指数(Red List Index, RLI)是评估物种濒危状况变化趋势的最有效指标, 已经被列为联合国千年发展目标的指标之一, 在全球尺度的应用取得了很好的效果。本研究基于多来源的中国脊椎动物濒危等级评估数据, 对兽类、鸟类、两栖类、爬行类和淡水鱼类的濒危状况变化趋势进行了评估。两栖类和爬行类由于在任意两个年度同时被评估的物种数量少, 不符合计算RLI的条件, 未进行指数计算。结果表明: 1996-2008年, 兽类的RLI下降; 1998-2004年, 淡水鱼类的RLI下降; 1988-2012年, 根据Equal-steps方法计算的鸟类RLI略有下降, 但根据Extinction-risk方法计算的RLI先略有上升又呈下降趋势, 总体呈下降趋势。总体看来, 3个类群的RLI变化幅度均较小, 兽类和淡水鱼类的受威胁程度在加剧; 鸟类整体上受威胁程度虽在加剧, 但部分高濒危物种的保护状况一定程度上得到改善。建议全面开展物种濒危状况评估工作, 并根据濒危等级变化制定有效的保护计划。
崔鹏, 徐海根, 吴军, 丁晖, 曹铭昌, 卢晓强, 雍凡, 陈冰 (2014) 中国脊椎动物红色名录指数评估. 生物多样性, 22, 589-595. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14085.
Peng Cui,Haigen Xu,Jun Wu,Hui Ding,Mingchang Cao,Xiaoqiang Lu,Fan Yong,Bing Chen (2014) Assessing the Red List Index for vertebrate species in China. Biodiversity Science, 22, 589-595. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14085.
中国濒危动物红皮书(1998) China Red Data Book (1998) | 中国物种红色名录(2004) China Species Red List (2004) |
---|---|
绝灭 Extinct (EX) | |
野生绝迹 Extinct in wild (EX) | 野外绝灭 Extinct in Wild (EW) |
国内绝迹 Extirpated (ET) | 地区绝灭 Regionally Extinct (RE) |
极危 Critically Endangered (CR) | |
濒危 Endangered (E) | 濒危 Endangered (EN) |
易危 Vulnerable (V) | 易危 Vulnerable (VU) |
稀有 Rare (R) | 近危 Near Threatened (NT) |
无危 Least Concern (LC) | |
未定 Indeterminate (I) | 数据缺乏 Data Deficient (DD) |
不宜评估 Not Applicable (NA) 未予评估 Not Evaluated (NE) |
表1 中国濒危动物红皮书(1998)和中国物种红色名录(2004)物种濒危等级对应
Table 1 Red list categories in China Red Data Book (1998 and China Species Red List (2004)
中国濒危动物红皮书(1998) China Red Data Book (1998) | 中国物种红色名录(2004) China Species Red List (2004) |
---|---|
绝灭 Extinct (EX) | |
野生绝迹 Extinct in wild (EX) | 野外绝灭 Extinct in Wild (EW) |
国内绝迹 Extirpated (ET) | 地区绝灭 Regionally Extinct (RE) |
极危 Critically Endangered (CR) | |
濒危 Endangered (E) | 濒危 Endangered (EN) |
易危 Vulnerable (V) | 易危 Vulnerable (VU) |
稀有 Rare (R) | 近危 Near Threatened (NT) |
无危 Least Concern (LC) | |
未定 Indeterminate (I) | 数据缺乏 Data Deficient (DD) |
不宜评估 Not Applicable (NA) 未予评估 Not Evaluated (NE) |
图1 濒危等级变化的物种数占总物种数的累计比例。(A)兽类; (B)鸟类; (C)淡水鱼类。黑色表示受胁物种增加, 白色表示受胁物种减少。
Fig. 1 Cumulative proportion of species undergoing Red List Category changes. (A) Mammals; (B) Birds; (C) Freshwater fishes. Black color presents increased threat, and white color presents decreased threats.
中文名 Chinese name | 拉丁名 Latin name | 评估起始年份 Start year of period | 评估结束年份 End year of period | 评估起始年份濒危等级 Category at start of period | 评估结束年份濒危等级 Category at end of period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
兽类 | |||||
白头叶猴 | Trachypithecus poliocephalus | 1996 | 2008 | EN | CR |
黑长臂猿 | Nomascus concolor | 1996 | 2008 | EN | CR |
双峰驼 | Camelus bactrianus | 1996 | 2008 | EN | CR |
林麝 | Moschus berezovskii | 1996 | 2008 | NT | EN |
黑麝 | Moschus fuscus | 1996 | 2008 | NT | EN |
豺 | Cuon alpinus | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
蒙古野驴 | Equus hemionus | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
伊犁鼠兔 | Ochotona iliensis | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
藏羚羊 | Pantholops hodgsonii | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
川金丝猴 | Rhinopithecus roxellana | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
巨松鼠 | Ratufa bicolor | 1996 | 2008 | LC | NT |
鸟类 | |||||
青头潜鸭 | Aythya baeri | 1994 | 2000 | VU | EN |
青头潜鸭 | Aythya baeri | 2004 | 2008 | EN | CR |
朱鹮 | Nipponia nippon | 1994 | 2000 | CR | EN |
黑脸琵鹭 | Platalea minor | 1994 | 2000 | CR | EN |
栗头鳽 | Gorsachius goisagi | 1988 | 1994 | VU | EN |
卷羽鹈鹕 | Pelecanus crispus | 2000 | 2004 | NT | VU |
黄爪隼 | Falco naumanni | 1994 | 2000 | VU | NT |
黄爪隼 | Falco naumanni | 2000 | 2004 | NT | LC |
猎隼 | Falco cherrug | 2000 | 2004 | LC | VU |
猎隼 | Falco cherrug | 2008 | 2012 | VU | EN |
黑兀鹫 | Sarcogyps calvus | 2000 | 2004 | NT | CR |
波斑鸨 | Chlamydotis macqueenii | 1994 | 2000 | LC | NT |
波斑鸨 | Chlamydotis macqueenii | 2000 | 2004 | NT | VU |
白头鹤 | Grus monacha | 1994 | 2000 | NT | VU |
白腰杓鹬 | Numenius arquata | 1994 | 2000 | LC | NT |
勺嘴鹬 | Eurynorhynchus pygmeus | 1994 | 2000 | VU | EN |
勺嘴鹬 | Eurynorhynchus pygmeus | 2004 | 2008 | EN | CR |
遗鸥 | Larus relictus | 1994 | 2000 | NT | VU |
中亚鸽 | Columba eversmanni | 1988 | 1994 | NT | VU |
栗斑腹鹀 | Emberiza jankowskii | 2000 | 2004 | VU | EN |
黄胸鹀 | Emberiza aureola | 1994 | 2000 | NT | VU |
淡水鱼类 | |||||
施氏鲟 | Acipenser schrencki | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
达氏鲟 | Acipenser dabryanus | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
中华鲟 | Acipenser sinensis | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
鳇 | Huso dauricus | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
白鲟 | Psephurus gladius | 1998 | 2004 | EN | CR |
黑线 | Atrilinea roulei roulei | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
须鳊 | Pogobrama barbatula | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
海南 | Hainania serrata | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
小似鲴 | Xenocyprinoides parvulus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
裸腹盲鲃 | Typhlobarbus nudiventris | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
中文名 Chinese name | 拉丁名 Latin name | 评估起始年份 Start year of period | 评估结束年份 End year of period | 评估起始年份濒危等级 Category at start of period | 评估结束年份濒危等级 Category at end of period |
红鳍方口鲃 | Cosmochilus cardinalis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
袋唇鱼 | Balantiocheilus hekouensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
暗色唇鲮 | Semilabeo obscurus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
华缨鱼 | Sinocrossocheilus guizhouensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
缺须盆唇鱼 | Placocheilus cryptonemus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
长须片唇鮈 | Platysmacheilus longibarbatus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
塔里木裂腹鱼 | Schizothorax biddulphi | 1998 | 2004 | EN | CR |
鲃鲤 | Puntioplites proctozysron | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
无眼岭鳅 | Oreonectes anophthalmus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
个旧盲高原鳅 | Triplophysa gejiuensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
保亭近腹吸鳅 | Plesiomyzon baotingensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
厚唇原吸鳅 | Protomyzon pachycheilus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
湄南缺鳍鲶 | Kryptopterus moorei | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
长丝鱼芒 | Pangasius sanitwangsei | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
长丝黑鮡 | Gagata dolichonema | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
短须粒鲶 | Akysis brachybarbatus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
高体白甲鱼 | Onychostoma alticorpus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
表2 兽类、鸟类、淡水鱼类濒危等级的变化
Table 2 Red list categories of mammals, birds and freshwater fishes
中文名 Chinese name | 拉丁名 Latin name | 评估起始年份 Start year of period | 评估结束年份 End year of period | 评估起始年份濒危等级 Category at start of period | 评估结束年份濒危等级 Category at end of period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
兽类 | |||||
白头叶猴 | Trachypithecus poliocephalus | 1996 | 2008 | EN | CR |
黑长臂猿 | Nomascus concolor | 1996 | 2008 | EN | CR |
双峰驼 | Camelus bactrianus | 1996 | 2008 | EN | CR |
林麝 | Moschus berezovskii | 1996 | 2008 | NT | EN |
黑麝 | Moschus fuscus | 1996 | 2008 | NT | EN |
豺 | Cuon alpinus | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
蒙古野驴 | Equus hemionus | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
伊犁鼠兔 | Ochotona iliensis | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
藏羚羊 | Pantholops hodgsonii | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
川金丝猴 | Rhinopithecus roxellana | 1996 | 2008 | VU | EN |
巨松鼠 | Ratufa bicolor | 1996 | 2008 | LC | NT |
鸟类 | |||||
青头潜鸭 | Aythya baeri | 1994 | 2000 | VU | EN |
青头潜鸭 | Aythya baeri | 2004 | 2008 | EN | CR |
朱鹮 | Nipponia nippon | 1994 | 2000 | CR | EN |
黑脸琵鹭 | Platalea minor | 1994 | 2000 | CR | EN |
栗头鳽 | Gorsachius goisagi | 1988 | 1994 | VU | EN |
卷羽鹈鹕 | Pelecanus crispus | 2000 | 2004 | NT | VU |
黄爪隼 | Falco naumanni | 1994 | 2000 | VU | NT |
黄爪隼 | Falco naumanni | 2000 | 2004 | NT | LC |
猎隼 | Falco cherrug | 2000 | 2004 | LC | VU |
猎隼 | Falco cherrug | 2008 | 2012 | VU | EN |
黑兀鹫 | Sarcogyps calvus | 2000 | 2004 | NT | CR |
波斑鸨 | Chlamydotis macqueenii | 1994 | 2000 | LC | NT |
波斑鸨 | Chlamydotis macqueenii | 2000 | 2004 | NT | VU |
白头鹤 | Grus monacha | 1994 | 2000 | NT | VU |
白腰杓鹬 | Numenius arquata | 1994 | 2000 | LC | NT |
勺嘴鹬 | Eurynorhynchus pygmeus | 1994 | 2000 | VU | EN |
勺嘴鹬 | Eurynorhynchus pygmeus | 2004 | 2008 | EN | CR |
遗鸥 | Larus relictus | 1994 | 2000 | NT | VU |
中亚鸽 | Columba eversmanni | 1988 | 1994 | NT | VU |
栗斑腹鹀 | Emberiza jankowskii | 2000 | 2004 | VU | EN |
黄胸鹀 | Emberiza aureola | 1994 | 2000 | NT | VU |
淡水鱼类 | |||||
施氏鲟 | Acipenser schrencki | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
达氏鲟 | Acipenser dabryanus | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
中华鲟 | Acipenser sinensis | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
鳇 | Huso dauricus | 1998 | 2004 | VU | EN |
白鲟 | Psephurus gladius | 1998 | 2004 | EN | CR |
黑线 | Atrilinea roulei roulei | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
须鳊 | Pogobrama barbatula | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
海南 | Hainania serrata | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
小似鲴 | Xenocyprinoides parvulus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
裸腹盲鲃 | Typhlobarbus nudiventris | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
中文名 Chinese name | 拉丁名 Latin name | 评估起始年份 Start year of period | 评估结束年份 End year of period | 评估起始年份濒危等级 Category at start of period | 评估结束年份濒危等级 Category at end of period |
红鳍方口鲃 | Cosmochilus cardinalis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
袋唇鱼 | Balantiocheilus hekouensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
暗色唇鲮 | Semilabeo obscurus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
华缨鱼 | Sinocrossocheilus guizhouensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
缺须盆唇鱼 | Placocheilus cryptonemus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
长须片唇鮈 | Platysmacheilus longibarbatus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
塔里木裂腹鱼 | Schizothorax biddulphi | 1998 | 2004 | EN | CR |
鲃鲤 | Puntioplites proctozysron | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
无眼岭鳅 | Oreonectes anophthalmus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
个旧盲高原鳅 | Triplophysa gejiuensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
保亭近腹吸鳅 | Plesiomyzon baotingensis | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
厚唇原吸鳅 | Protomyzon pachycheilus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
湄南缺鳍鲶 | Kryptopterus moorei | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
长丝鱼芒 | Pangasius sanitwangsei | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
长丝黑鮡 | Gagata dolichonema | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
短须粒鲶 | Akysis brachybarbatus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
高体白甲鱼 | Onychostoma alticorpus | 1998 | 2004 | NT | VU |
图2 中国脊椎动物(兽类、鸟类和淡水鱼类)红色名录指数。(A) Equal-steps方法; (B) Extinction-risk方法。
Fig. 2 Red List Index of vertebrates in China (mammals, birds and freshwater fishes). (A) Equal-steps approach; (B) Extinction-risk approach.
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