重庆主城区住宅小区苔藓组成与多样性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14056

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前对于人造生活环境中的苔藓植物组成与多样性所知甚少。本文报道了城市住宅小区中的苔藓植物多样性, 以丰富重庆市苔藓植物区系资料, 为小区环境质量评估提供依据, 为认识苔藓植物对新环境的适应能力提供科学基础。通过对重庆主城九区23个住宅小区进行详细调查, 报道苔藓植物19科33属84种。种类组成以土生的丛藓科和真藓科为主。常见种类包括小凤尾藓(Fissidens bryoides)、大叶石灰藓(Hydrogonium majusculum)、细叶小羽藓(Haplocladium microphyllum)、鳞叶藓(Taxiphyllum taxirameum)和绿片苔(Aneura pinguis)共5种。各住宅小区苔藓物种数介于5-25种之间。物种相似性程度非常低, 群落间差异较为显著, 多样性较高。苔藓生活型以丛集型为主。典范对应分析排序结果显示, 住宅小区居住户数对其苔藓物种多样性影响最大, 其次是绿地面积。研究结果表明, 住宅小区是城市苔藓植物的重要分布区域之一。地理环境差异、城市化水平、小区内部小生境条件和人为干扰程度可能是造成各住宅小区苔藓组成差异的原因。

关键词: 植物多样性, 城市, 生活型, 典范对应分析

Abstract

Little is known about bryophyte composition and diversity in habitats created by residential areas. Ours is the first study aiming at gathering baseline information on the bryophyte flora of Chongqing municipality city and providing a scientific basis for evaluation of environmental quality and bryophyte adaptability in residential environments. Based on extensive field work, 84 bryophyte species in 33 genera and 19 families were reported from 23 residential areas in nine districts of Chongqing. Of those, 39.28% of the species belonged to Pottiaceae and Bryaceae, and most of them grew on soil. The most common species were Fissidens bryoides, Haplocladium microphyllum, Hydrogonium majusculum, Taxiphyllum taxirameum and Aneura pinguis. The number of bryophyte species in these 23 residential areas varied from 5 to 25. The similarity of bryophyte species composition between different residential areas was very low, suggesting the presence of distinct habitats and a high diversity among these areas. Turfs were the main life form of bryophytes that we observed. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that the number of residents was the most influential factor in terms of the bryophyte species composition and diversity, followed by the area of green space. Our results suggested that, within cities, residential areas contain important environments for bryophytes. Observed differences in bryophyte composition among residential areas may be attributed to spatial background, urbanization, microhabitat and human disturbance.

Key words: plant biodiversity, city, life form, Canonical Correspondence Analysis

皮春燕, 刘艳 (2014) 重庆主城区住宅小区苔藓组成与多样性. 生物多样性, 22, 583-588. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14056.

Chunyan Pi, Yan Liu (2014) Bryophyte composition and diversity within anthropogenic habitats in a residential area of Chongqing municipality city. Biodiversity Science, 22, 583-588. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14056.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14056

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I5/583

图/表 6

参考文献 19

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编号 No.	行政区 District	小区名称 Name	科数 Family	属数 Genus	种数 Species	Shannon-Wiener指数 H′
1	巴南区 Banan District	帝豪巴南印象 Dihaobananyinxiang	6	8	11	1.04
2	巴南区 Banan District	恒大城 Hengdacheng	11	16	21	1.32
3	巴南区 Banan District	融汇半岛 Ronghuibandao	7	12	15	1.18
4	北碚区 Beibei District	华立北泉花园 Hualibeiquanhuayuan	10	16	25	1.40
5	大渡口区 Dadukou District	锦天康都 Jintiankangdu	7	10	13	1.11
6	江北区 Jiangbei District	华宇北国风光 Huayubeiguofengguang	5	7	10	1.00
7	江北区 Jiangbei District	鹏润蓝海 Pengrunlanhai	8	10	15	1.18
8	九龙坡区 Jiulongpo District	金科西城大院 Jinkexichengdayuan	9	9	15	1.18
9	九龙坡区 Jiulongpo District	金科云湖天都 Jinkeyunhutiandu	11	12	19	1.28
10	九龙坡区 Jiulongpo District	协信天骄城 Xiexintianjiaocheng	9	10	15	1.18
11	南岸区 Nan’an District	康德国会山 Kangdeguohuishan	8	10	12	1.08
12	南岸区 Nan’an District	东海长洲 Donghaichangzhou	8	11	16	1.20
13	南岸区 Nan’an District	阳光100国际新城 Yangguang 100 guojixincheng	5	7	8	0.90
14	南岸区 Nan’an District	渝能国际 Yunengguoji	12	14	16	1.20
15	沙坪坝区 Shapingba District	华宇金沙时代 Huayujinshashidai	5	5	7	0.85
16	沙坪坝区 Shapingba District	华宇林泉雅舍 Huayulinquanyashe	5	6	7	0.85
17	沙坪坝区 Shapingba District	蓝溪谷地 Lanxigudi	8	8	10	1.00
18	渝北区 Yubei District	保利香槟花园 Baolixiangbinhuayuan	9	10	14	1.15
19	渝北区 Yubei District	龙湖水晶郦城 Longhushuijinglicheng	6	6	11	1.04
20	渝北区 Yubei District	上品十六 Shangpinshiliu	10	15	23	1.36
21	渝中区 Yuzhong District	嘉华鑫城 Jiahuaxincheng	7	6	10	1.00
22	渝中区 Yuzhong District	兰波红城丽景 Lanbohongchenglijing	3	4	5	0.70
23	渝中区 Yuzhong District	丽水菁苑 Lishuijingyuan	8	13	16	1.20
	总计 Total		19	33	84

编号 No.	行政区 District	小区名称 Name	科数 Family	属数 Genus	种数 Species	Shannon-Wiener指数 H′
1	巴南区 Banan District	帝豪巴南印象 Dihaobananyinxiang	6	8	11	1.04
2	巴南区 Banan District	恒大城 Hengdacheng	11	16	21	1.32
3	巴南区 Banan District	融汇半岛 Ronghuibandao	7	12	15	1.18
4	北碚区 Beibei District	华立北泉花园 Hualibeiquanhuayuan	10	16	25	1.40
5	大渡口区 Dadukou District	锦天康都 Jintiankangdu	7	10	13	1.11
6	江北区 Jiangbei District	华宇北国风光 Huayubeiguofengguang	5	7	10	1.00
7	江北区 Jiangbei District	鹏润蓝海 Pengrunlanhai	8	10	15	1.18
8	九龙坡区 Jiulongpo District	金科西城大院 Jinkexichengdayuan	9	9	15	1.18
9	九龙坡区 Jiulongpo District	金科云湖天都 Jinkeyunhutiandu	11	12	19	1.28
10	九龙坡区 Jiulongpo District	协信天骄城 Xiexintianjiaocheng	9	10	15	1.18
11	南岸区 Nan’an District	康德国会山 Kangdeguohuishan	8	10	12	1.08
12	南岸区 Nan’an District	东海长洲 Donghaichangzhou	8	11	16	1.20
13	南岸区 Nan’an District	阳光100国际新城 Yangguang 100 guojixincheng	5	7	8	0.90
14	南岸区 Nan’an District	渝能国际 Yunengguoji	12	14	16	1.20
15	沙坪坝区 Shapingba District	华宇金沙时代 Huayujinshashidai	5	5	7	0.85
16	沙坪坝区 Shapingba District	华宇林泉雅舍 Huayulinquanyashe	5	6	7	0.85
17	沙坪坝区 Shapingba District	蓝溪谷地 Lanxigudi	8	8	10	1.00
18	渝北区 Yubei District	保利香槟花园 Baolixiangbinhuayuan	9	10	14	1.15
19	渝北区 Yubei District	龙湖水晶郦城 Longhushuijinglicheng	6	6	11	1.04
20	渝北区 Yubei District	上品十六 Shangpinshiliu	10	15	23	1.36
21	渝中区 Yuzhong District	嘉华鑫城 Jiahuaxincheng	7	6	10	1.00
22	渝中区 Yuzhong District	兰波红城丽景 Lanbohongchenglijing	3	4	5	0.70
23	渝中区 Yuzhong District	丽水菁苑 Lishuijingyuan	8	13	16	1.20
	总计 Total		19	33	84

编号 No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22
2	0.19
3	0.38	0.44
4	0.22	0.39	0.35
5	0.41	0.41	0.36	0.47
6	0.38	0.25	0.24	0.40	0.43
7	0.08	0.33	0.20	0.35	0.29	0.32
8	0.15	0.33	0.27	0.20	0.21	0	0.33
9	0.13	0.35	0.29	0.32	0.25	0.28	0.24	0.41
10	0.23	0.33	0.33	0.25	0.21	0.16	0.33	0.27	0.29
11	0.09	0.42	0.37	0.32	0.32	0.27	0.37	0.22	0.19	0.37
12	0.22	0.49	0.39	0.34	0.28	0.15	0.32	0.32	0.34	0.39	0.43
13	0.32	0.28	0.35	0.18	0.19	0.22	0.17	0.26	0.22	0.26	0.20	0.33
14	0.30	0.38	0.39	0.34	0.34	0.38	0.39	0.39	0.40	0.32	0.64	0.38	0.17
15	0.33	0.21	0.27	0.13	0.10	0.24	0.18	0.45	0.23	0.27	0.32	0.17	0.27	0.35
16	0.22	0.29	0.18	0.25	0.30	0.12	0.27	0.18	0.31	0.27	0.32	0.26	0.27	0.43	0.29
17	0.19	0.32	0.32	0.23	0.26	0.30	0.24	0.16	0.28	0.40	0.36	0.31	0.22	0.38	0.35	0.47
18	0.24	0.46	0.55	0.46	0.44	0.33	0.41	0.34	0.36	0.28	0.54	0.47	0.36	0.60	0.19	0.38	0.50
19	0.36	0.38	0.38	0.33	0.50	0.57	0.31	0.08	0.20	0.23	0.52	0.30	0.21	0.52	0.33	0.22	0.38	0.48
20	0.24	0.41	0.32	0.29	0.11	0.18	0.37	0.21	0.24	0.26	0.17	0.31	0.06	0.31	0.20	0.20	0.30	0.27	0.24
21	0.29	0.19	0.24	0.34	0.43	0.60	0.24	0.08	0.34	0.24	0.36	0.15	0.22	0.38	0.24	0.24	0.40	0.42	0.48	0.18
22	0.25	0.08	0.20	0.20	0.11	0.27	0.10	0.10	0.25	0.30	0.12	0.29	0	0.19	0.33	0.17	0.27	0.11	0.25	0.14	0.27
23	0.37	0.21	0.26	0.34	0.28	0.38	0.26	0.06	0.17	0.13	0.29	0.31	0.08	0.44	0.17	0.35	0.31	0.33	0.44	0.31	0.31	0.29

编号 No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22
2	0.19
3	0.38	0.44
4	0.22	0.39	0.35
5	0.41	0.41	0.36	0.47
6	0.38	0.25	0.24	0.40	0.43
7	0.08	0.33	0.20	0.35	0.29	0.32
8	0.15	0.33	0.27	0.20	0.21	0	0.33
9	0.13	0.35	0.29	0.32	0.25	0.28	0.24	0.41
10	0.23	0.33	0.33	0.25	0.21	0.16	0.33	0.27	0.29
11	0.09	0.42	0.37	0.32	0.32	0.27	0.37	0.22	0.19	0.37
12	0.22	0.49	0.39	0.34	0.28	0.15	0.32	0.32	0.34	0.39	0.43
13	0.32	0.28	0.35	0.18	0.19	0.22	0.17	0.26	0.22	0.26	0.20	0.33
14	0.30	0.38	0.39	0.34	0.34	0.38	0.39	0.39	0.40	0.32	0.64	0.38	0.17
15	0.33	0.21	0.27	0.13	0.10	0.24	0.18	0.45	0.23	0.27	0.32	0.17	0.27	0.35
16	0.22	0.29	0.18	0.25	0.30	0.12	0.27	0.18	0.31	0.27	0.32	0.26	0.27	0.43	0.29
17	0.19	0.32	0.32	0.23	0.26	0.30	0.24	0.16	0.28	0.40	0.36	0.31	0.22	0.38	0.35	0.47
18	0.24	0.46	0.55	0.46	0.44	0.33	0.41	0.34	0.36	0.28	0.54	0.47	0.36	0.60	0.19	0.38	0.50
19	0.36	0.38	0.38	0.33	0.50	0.57	0.31	0.08	0.20	0.23	0.52	0.30	0.21	0.52	0.33	0.22	0.38	0.48
20	0.24	0.41	0.32	0.29	0.11	0.18	0.37	0.21	0.24	0.26	0.17	0.31	0.06	0.31	0.20	0.20	0.30	0.27	0.24
21	0.29	0.19	0.24	0.34	0.43	0.60	0.24	0.08	0.34	0.24	0.36	0.15	0.22	0.38	0.24	0.24	0.40	0.42	0.48	0.18
22	0.25	0.08	0.20	0.20	0.11	0.27	0.10	0.10	0.25	0.30	0.12	0.29	0	0.19	0.33	0.17	0.27	0.11	0.25	0.14	0.27
23	0.37	0.21	0.26	0.34	0.28	0.38	0.26	0.06	0.17	0.13	0.29	0.31	0.08	0.44	0.17	0.35	0.31	0.33	0.44	0.31	0.31	0.29

编号 No.	丛集型 Turfs	交织型 Wefts	平铺型 Mats	树状型 Dendroids	一年生型 Annuals
1	45.45	45.45	9.09	0.00	0.00
2	71.43	19.05	9.52	0.00	0.00
3	66.67	26.67	6.67	0.00	0.00
4	40.00	40.00	12.00	8.00	0.00
5	53.85	38.46	7.69	0.00	0.00
6	20.00	80.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
7	33.33	53.33	13.33	0.00	0.00
8	73.33	6.67	20.00	0.00	0.00
9	52.63	31.58	15.79	0.00	0.00
10	40.00	26.67	33.33	0.00	0.00
11	66.67	25.00	8.33	0.00	0.00
12	62.50	37.50	0.00	0.00	0.00
13	87.50	12.50	0.00	0.00	0.00
14	43.75	43.75	12.50	0.00	0.00
15	57.14	14.29	28.57	0.00	0.00
16	42.86	42.86	14.29	0.00	0.00
17	40.00	50.00	10.00	0.00	0.00
18	42.86	50.00	7.14	0.00	0.00
19	45.45	45.45	9.09	0.00	0.00
20	47.83	39.13	13.04	0.00	0.00
21	20.00	60.00	10.00	0.00	10.00
22	0.00	80.00	20.00	0.00	0.00
23	37.50	56.25	6.25	0.00	0.00