火干扰对云南苍山地表蜘蛛群落生活型组成及季节动态的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13160

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示不同蜘蛛类群对火干扰的敏感程度及蜘蛛群落外貌对环境变化产生的响应, 本文选取苍山针阔混交林2007年火烧迹地作为调查样地, 以无火烧记录的样地为对照, 运用陷阱法调查地表蜘蛛群落生活型及季节动态。研究结果显示: (1)火烧迹地中朱氏狂蛛(Zelotes zhui)(相对优势度 DV' =33.03)、晨豹蛛(Pardosa chionophila) (DV'=22.53)和西菱头蛛一种(Sibianor sp.1)(DV'=8.75)占明显优势; 而对照样地中龙隙蛛一种(Draconarius sp.2) (DV'=63.50)占绝对优势; (2)火烧迹地的定居型蜘蛛相对多度为25.82%, 显著少于游猎蜘蛛(P<0.001); 而对照样地的定居型蜘蛛相对多度为92.07%, 显著高于游猎蜘蛛(P<0.001); (3)火烧迹地地表蜘蛛优势类群随季节更替明显, 在夏季和冬季多度为低谷期; 对照样地优势类群稳定, 为漏斗蛛科蜘蛛。研究表明, 火干扰改变了苍山针阔混交林地表蜘蛛群落生活型组成, 降低了定居型蜘蛛的相对多度和地表蜘蛛群落的季节稳定性。

关键词: 地表蜘蛛, 森林火灾, 优势种, 生活方式, 季节消长, 自然保护区

Abstract:

In order to demonstrate the influence of fire disturbance on the function, structure and seasonal dynamics of ground-dwelling spider assemblages, we chose a burned site and an unburned control site. Both study sites were in broadleaf-conifer mixed forest on Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan Province. The results showed that (1) Zelotes zhui (relative dominance value (DV') =33.03), Pardosa chionophila (DV'=22.53) and Sibianor sp. 1 (DV'=8.75) were obviously dominant at the burned site and that Draconarius sp. 2 (DV'=63.50) was absolutely dominant at the control site; (2) At the burned site, the relative abundance of web-builders was significantly lower than that of hunters (P<0.001), whereas the relative abundance of web-builders was significantly higher than that of hunters at the control site; and (3) As season changed, the dominant group fluctuated significantly at the burned, with the lowest abundance during the part of the summer with the maximum rainfall and during the coldest winter; the spider assemblages were stable at the control site, with agelenids consistently the dominant group. These results indicated that fire disturbance changes the community function and structure of ground-dwelling spiders in mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in Cangshan Mountain, increases the relative abundance of hunters and reduces the stability of ground-dwelling spider assemblages.

Key words: dwelling-spider, forest fire, dominant species, life type, seasonal variation, nature reserve

马艳滟, 杨自忠, 冯萍, 李巧. 火干扰对云南苍山地表蜘蛛群落生活型组成及季节动态的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2014, 22(2): 208-215.

Yanyan Ma,Zizhong Yang,Ping Feng,Qiao Li. The influence of fire disturbance on the biotype structure and seasonal dynamics of ground-dwelling spider on Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2014, 22(2): 208-215.

图/表 4

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科名 Family	物种名 Species	生活型 Biotype	物种编号 Species identifier	相对优势度 Relative dominance values (DV')
科名 Family	物种名 Species	生活型 Biotype	物种编号 Species identifier	火烧迹地 Burned	对照样地 Control
巨蟹蛛科 Sparassidae	苍山伪遁蛛 Pseudopoda cangshana	H	22	0.77C	0.18C
狼蛛科 Lycosidae	晨豹蛛 Pardosa chionophila	H	3	22.53D	0.41C
漏斗蛛科 Agelenidae	龙隙蛛一种 Draconarius sp.2	W	1	2.31C	63.50D
	不定龙隙蛛 Draconarius incertus	W	10	5.29S	1.45S
	隙蛛一种 Coelotes sp.3	W	20		0.62C
	光先隙蛛 Coelotes guangxian	W	18	0.98C
	龙隙蛛一种 Draconarius sp.1	W	19	0.95C
	隙蛛一种 Coelotes sp.1	W	24	0.57C
	船形新漏斗蛛 Neagelena cymbiforma	W	25	0.38C
卵形蛛科 Oonopidae	卵形蛛一种 Oonops sp.1	H	17		0.81C
卵形蛛科 Oonopidae	伽马蛛一种 Gamasomorpha sp.1	H	21		0.61C
皿蛛科 Linyphiidae	中指蛛一种 Centromerus sp.1	W	7		5.54S
	皿蛛一种 Linyphia sp.5	W	12		2.44S
	皿蛛一种 Linyphia sp.9	W	13	2.13C
拟平腹蛛科 Zodariidae	马利蛛一种 Mallinella sp.2	H	9	5.83C
平腹蛛科 Gnaphosidae	朱氏狂蛛 Zelotes zhui	H	2	33.03D
平腹蛛科 Gnaphosidae	大理掠蛛 Drassodes daliensis	H	11	4.04S
弱蛛科 Leptonetidae	弱蛛一种 Leptoneta sp.1	W	4		12.76S
跳蛛科 Salticidae	卡氏方胸蛛 Thiania cavaleriei	H	26		0.20C
	西菱头蛛一种 Sibianor sp.1	H	6	8.75D
	兰戈纳蛛一种 Langona sp.1	H	8	6.40S
肖蛸科 Tetragnathidae	柔弱粗螯蛛 Pachygnatha tenera	W	5		7.11S
逍遥蛛科 Philodromidae	逍遥蛛一种 Philodromus sp.2	H	23	0.77C
异纺蛛科 Hexathelidae	大疣蛛一种 Macrothele sp.1	W	16	1.75C	0.32C
圆颚蛛科 Corinnidae	大理刺足蛛 Phrurolithus daliensis	H	15	1.94C	1.15S
栅蛛科 Hahniidae	栅蛛一种 Hahnia sp.2	W	14		1.57C

科名 Family	物种名 Species	生活型 Biotype	物种编号 Species identifier	相对优势度 Relative dominance values (DV')
科名 Family	物种名 Species	生活型 Biotype	物种编号 Species identifier	火烧迹地 Burned	对照样地 Control
巨蟹蛛科 Sparassidae	苍山伪遁蛛 Pseudopoda cangshana	H	22	0.77C	0.18C
狼蛛科 Lycosidae	晨豹蛛 Pardosa chionophila	H	3	22.53D	0.41C
漏斗蛛科 Agelenidae	龙隙蛛一种 Draconarius sp.2	W	1	2.31C	63.50D
	不定龙隙蛛 Draconarius incertus	W	10	5.29S	1.45S
	隙蛛一种 Coelotes sp.3	W	20		0.62C
	光先隙蛛 Coelotes guangxian	W	18	0.98C
	龙隙蛛一种 Draconarius sp.1	W	19	0.95C
	隙蛛一种 Coelotes sp.1	W	24	0.57C
	船形新漏斗蛛 Neagelena cymbiforma	W	25	0.38C
卵形蛛科 Oonopidae	卵形蛛一种 Oonops sp.1	H	17		0.81C
卵形蛛科 Oonopidae	伽马蛛一种 Gamasomorpha sp.1	H	21		0.61C
皿蛛科 Linyphiidae	中指蛛一种 Centromerus sp.1	W	7		5.54S
	皿蛛一种 Linyphia sp.5	W	12		2.44S
	皿蛛一种 Linyphia sp.9	W	13	2.13C
拟平腹蛛科 Zodariidae	马利蛛一种 Mallinella sp.2	H	9	5.83C
平腹蛛科 Gnaphosidae	朱氏狂蛛 Zelotes zhui	H	2	33.03D
平腹蛛科 Gnaphosidae	大理掠蛛 Drassodes daliensis	H	11	4.04S
弱蛛科 Leptonetidae	弱蛛一种 Leptoneta sp.1	W	4		12.76S
跳蛛科 Salticidae	卡氏方胸蛛 Thiania cavaleriei	H	26		0.20C
	西菱头蛛一种 Sibianor sp.1	H	6	8.75D
	兰戈纳蛛一种 Langona sp.1	H	8	6.40S
肖蛸科 Tetragnathidae	柔弱粗螯蛛 Pachygnatha tenera	W	5		7.11S
逍遥蛛科 Philodromidae	逍遥蛛一种 Philodromus sp.2	H	23	0.77C
异纺蛛科 Hexathelidae	大疣蛛一种 Macrothele sp.1	W	16	1.75C	0.32C
圆颚蛛科 Corinnidae	大理刺足蛛 Phrurolithus daliensis	H	15	1.94C	1.15S
栅蛛科 Hahniidae	栅蛛一种 Hahnia sp.2	W	14		1.57C