生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 33-40. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014200
宋玉成1, 李鹏飞2, 杨道德1,*(), 温华军2, 张玉铭2, 蒋志刚3,*(
)
收稿日期:
2014-09-24
接受日期:
2014-12-23
出版日期:
2015-01-20
发布日期:
2015-05-04
通讯作者:
杨道德,蒋志刚
作者简介:
E-mail: jiangzg@ioz.ac.cn基金资助:
Yucheng Song1, Pengfei Li2, Daode Yang1,*(), Huajun Wen2, Yuming Zhang2, Zhigang Jiang3,*(
)
Received:
2014-09-24
Accepted:
2014-12-23
Online:
2015-01-20
Published:
2015-05-04
Contact:
Daode Yang,Zhigang Jiang
摘要:
为了探讨散养麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)种群密度制约的调控机制, 1993-2013年, 我们以湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区围栏内的散养麋鹿种群为研究对象, 采用分区直接计数法统计麋鹿种群数量, 计算种群增长率、死亡率、存活率和产仔率等参数, 对麋鹿种群的发展是否受到密度制约影响以及作用于哪些种群参数进行了研究。结果表明: 石首麋鹿保护区散养麋鹿种群的发展过程可分为5个阶段, 分别为稳定增长阶段(1993-1997年)、快速增长阶段(1998-2006年)、缓慢增长阶段(2007-2009年)、迅速下降阶段(2010年)和种群恢复阶段(2011-2013年)。1993-1997年, 种群增长率为16.60±3.10(%), 而死亡率为4.34±0.93(%); 1998-2006年, 种群增长率增加为28.98±3.62(%), 死亡率为4.35±2.31(%); 2007-2009年, 种群的增长率下降为7.36±1.64(%), 而死亡率增加为6.32±2.85(%); 2010年种群暴发传染性疾病, 数量急剧下降; 2011-2013年, 种群增长率增加为10.95±4.04(%), 而死亡率下降为5.70±2.03(%)。Pearson相关性检验结果显示: 种群密度与增长率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.612, P=0.005<0.01), 与产仔率也呈极显著的负相关(r=-0.902, P=0.000<0.01), 与死亡率的相关性不显著(r=0.425, P=0.062>0.05)。独立样本t检验结果显示, 2010年之前(1993-2009年)和之后(2011-2013年)的成、幼体存活率分别为95.40±1.56(%)、95.79±1.80(%)和96.67±0.92(%)、94.04±2.20(%), 两者差异不显著(成体: t=-0.503, df=8, P=0.628>0.05; 幼体: t=0.558, df=8, P=0.592>0.05), 这说明密度制约因素未对石首麋鹿保护区散放麋鹿种群的存活率产生明显影响。从2003年起, 种群受到密度制约机制的调控, 主要表现为产仔率下降, 同时也受到了洪水、疾病和人类干扰等环境因素的影响。针对目前石首麋鹿保护区散养麋鹿种群面临的密度制约和环境容纳量等问题, 我们提出了应对策略。
宋玉成, 李鹏飞, 杨道德, 温华军, 张玉铭, 蒋志刚 (2015) 湖北石首散养麋鹿种群的调控机制: 密度制约下种群产仔率下降. 生物多样性, 23, 33-40. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014200.
Yucheng Song, Pengfei Li, Daode Yang, Huajun Wen, Yuming Zhang, Zhigang Jiang (2015) Regulation of free-ranging Milu population in Shishou, Hubei, China: a density-dependent decrease in birth rate. Biodiversity Science, 23, 33-40. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014200.
图2 石首保护区散养麋鹿种群年增长率(a)和死亡率(b)变化
Fig. 2 Annual growth rate (a) and mortality rate (b) change of the free-ranging Milu population in Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve
图3 散养麋鹿种群成、幼体存活率(a)和产仔率(b)年变化
Fig. 3 Annual adult and fawn survival rate (a) and birth rate (b) change on the free-ranging Milu population in Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve
图4 散养麋鹿种群密度与年增长率(a)和死亡率(b)的相关性分析
Fig. 4 Correlation between the population density and annual growth rate (a) and mortality rate (b) of the free-ranging Milu population in Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve
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