不同生境条件下紫茎泽兰实生幼苗的生存特性比较

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

外来植物紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)入侵我国西南地区并造成了严重的生态灾难, 了解其幼苗的生存特性, 有助于预防和治理其危害。本研究于2005年8月到2006年8月通过盆栽实验和样方调查, 研究了不同光照和水分条件下紫茎泽兰幼苗的生长、生存状况和开花比例。结果表明: (1) 紫茎泽兰从种子萌发到1年后形成幼苗并开花结果的概率为1.16×10^-13-2.43×10^-11; (2) 湿润偏阴生境利于紫茎泽兰的种子萌发和幼苗存活, 其萌发出现率和存活率都达到最高, 分别为13.93%和79.50%; (3) 在水分充足的情况下, 增加光照有利于紫茎泽兰生长; (4) 出土1年后的紫茎泽兰有3.92-5.05%的植株开花结果, 产生的种子密度为23,000-52,000 inds./m²。虽然紫茎泽兰种子个体成功生存的概率很小, 但种子产量大增加了该物种成功定居的机会, 特别是湿润偏阴环境能够促进幼苗的定居。

关键词: Eupatorium adenophorum, 水分, 光照, 存活率, 外来种入侵

Abstract

Crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum) is a highly invasive species. To provide information for controlling or preventing its spread and invasion, we examined recruitment, survival and flowering characteristics of Crofton weed seedlings through container and field experiments in different habitats between Aug. 2005 and Aug. 2006. The results showed that the probability of a seed developing into a mature plant was only 1.16×10^-13 to 2.43×10^-11. The highest emergence rate (13.93%) and seedling survival rate (79.50%) in the first 10 weeks after seed planting occurred in shady and wet habitats, indicating that these two habitats are favorable for seedling emergence and survival. In addition, seedlings grew better in sunny habitat than in shady habitat when soil water was sufficient. One year after emergence, 3.92% to 5.05% of seedlings flowered. Density of seeds produced by these flowering individuals ranged from 23,000-52,000 ind/m². Although survival rate of individual Crofton weed was low, enormous seed production ensured the successful colonization and development of sustainable populations, especially in humid and shady habitat.

Key words: Eupatorium adenophorum, water, sunshine, exotic species invasion

王瑾芳, 高贤明, 党伟光 (2008) 不同生境条件下紫茎泽兰实生幼苗的生存特性比较. 生物多样性, 16, 346-352. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08035.

Jinfang Wang, Xianming Gao, Weiguang Dang (2008) Survival traits of Crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum) seedlings in different habitats. Biodiversity Science, 16, 346-352. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08035.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08035

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2008/V16/I4/346

图/表 8

表1 盆栽实验期间攀枝花日降水量(2006)

Table 1 Daily precipitation in Panzhihua City during the experiment period (2006)

日期 Date	降水量(mm) Precipitation	日期 Date	降水量(mm) Precipitation	日期 Date	降水量(mm) Precipitation
June 7	1.8	July 4	1.6	July 24	30.4
June 8	7.7	July 5	6.6	July 25	0.1
June 9	13.3	July 7	34.5	July 29	0.7
June 10	11.0	July 8	16.6	July 30	3.3
June 18	20.0	July 9	2.5	July 31	18.0
June 23	63.9	July 11	16.4	Aug. 1	0.9
June 27	49.8	July 12	17.0	Aug. 12	6.8
June 29	0.1	July 16	33.1	Aug. 13	61.0
June 30	22.5	July 18	31.4	Aug. 16	1.0
July 1	76.8	July 19	19.8

表2 紫茎泽兰萌发出现率和幼苗各阶段存活率

Table 2 Emergence rate and livability of Crofton weed during different growing period

	干旱偏阳 Dry and sunny	湿润偏阳 Humid and sunny	干旱偏阴 Dry and shady	湿润偏阴 Humid and shady
盆栽实验 Experiment in pots
种子萌发出现率 Emergence rate of seeds (%)	5.13^a	6.43^a	7.94^a	13.93^b
10周幼苗存活率 Livability in 10 weeks (%)	1.08^a	63.50^b	31.30^c	79.50^b
样方调查 Survey in field
1年生幼苗存活率 Livability in one year (%)	41.47^a	41.09^a	49.47^a	48.84^a
1年生幼苗开花率 Flowering rate of one-year seedlings (%)	5.05^a	3.92^a	4.24^a	4.49^a
从种子到开花个体的概率 Probability of seeds developing into flowering seedlings	1.16×10^-13	6.58×10^-12	5.21×10^-12	2.43×10^-11

图1 不同遮荫和水分处理下紫茎泽兰幼苗密度变化。DSu: 干旱偏阳处理; HSu: 湿润偏阳处理; DSh: 干旱偏阴处理; HSh: 湿润偏阴处理。

Fig. 1 Changes of seedling density in different shady and water treatments. DSu, Dry and sunny; HSu, Humid and sunny; DSh, Dry and shady; HSh, Humid and shady.

图2 不同生境条件下紫茎泽兰幼苗密度的季节变化。DSu: 干旱偏阳处理; HSu: 湿润偏阳处理; DSh: 干旱偏阴处理; HSh: 湿润偏阴处理。

Fig. 2 Seasonal changes in seedling density in different habitats. DSu, Dry and sunny; HSu, Humid and sunny; DSh, Dry and shady; HSh, Humid and shady.

图3 盆栽紫茎泽兰幼苗出土10周后总生物量。图中具有相同字母的柱之间差别不显著(P < 0.05)。DSu: 干旱偏阳处理; HSu: 湿润偏阳处理; DSh: 干旱偏阴处理; HSh: 湿润偏阴处理。

Fig. 3 Total biomass of seedlings in pot during 10 weeks. The bars that share the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P< 0.05). DSu, Dry and sunny; HSu, Humid and sunny; DSh, Dry and shady; HSh, Humid and shady.

图5 不同生境紫茎泽兰出土1年后生长高度。图中具有相同字母的柱之间差别不显著(P < 0.05)。DSu: 干旱偏阳处理; HSu: 湿润偏阳处理; DSh: 干旱偏阴处理; HSh: 湿润偏阴处理。

Fig. 5 Seedling height in different habitats one year after emergence. The bars that share the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P < 0.05). DSu, Dry and sunny; HSu, Humid and sunny; DSh, Dry and shady; HSh, Humid and shady.

图4 盆栽紫茎泽兰幼苗出土10周后平均单株生物量。图中具有相同字母的柱之间差别不显著(P < 0.05)。DSu: 干旱偏阳处理; HSu: 湿润偏阳处理; DSh: 干旱偏阴处理; HSh: 湿润偏阴处理。

Fig. 4 Average biomass of seedling in pot during 10 weeks. The bars that share the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P< 0.05). DSu, Dry and sunny; HSu, Humid and sunny; DSh, Dry and shady; HSh, Humid and shady.

图6 不同生境紫茎泽兰发育成熟的植株与总植株密度。图中具有相同字母的柱之间差别不显著(P < 0.05)。DSu: 干旱偏阳处理; HSu: 湿润偏阳处理; DSh: 干旱偏阴处理; HSh: 湿润偏阴处理。

Fig. 6 Density of flowering and total plants in different habitats. The bars that share the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P< 0.05). DSu, Dry and sunny; HSu, Humid and sunny; DSh, Dry and shady; HSh, Humid and shady.

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