河西走廊中部戈壁地表甲虫群落动态变化及其影响因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2022343

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 22343. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022343

所属专题：昆虫多样性与生态功能

河西走廊中部戈壁地表甲虫群落动态变化及其影响因素

林永一¹, 王永珍¹, 冯怡琳², 赵文智¹^,², 高俊伟³, 刘继亮¹^,^*()

1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站, 兰州 730000
2.宁夏大学生态环境学院西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地/西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 银川 750021
3.临泽县治沙实验站, 甘肃张掖 734200

收稿日期:2022-06-21 接受日期:2022-08-10 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2022-11-01
通讯作者: *E-mail: liujl707@lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41771290)

Dynamic change of ground-dwelling beetle community in a gobi desert of the middle of Hexi Corridor and its influencing factors

Yongyi Lin¹, Yongzhen Wang¹, Yilin Feng², Wenzhi Zhao¹^,², Junwei Gao³, Jiliang Liu¹^,^*()

1. Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000
2. School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University Breeding Base for State Key Lab of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China/Key Lab of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021
3. Linze Desertification Control Basin Research Station, Zhangye, Gansu 734200

Received:2022-06-21 Accepted:2022-08-10 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-11-01
Contact: *E-mail: liujl707@lzb.ac.cn

1. 附录1 2018–2020 年戈壁捕获的地表甲虫数量及其功能性状.pdf(338KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地表甲虫是戈壁主要的地表昆虫类群, 但我们对其种属组成和活动节律的认识还很有限。2018-2020年1-12月我们利用陷阱法对河西走廊中部典型砾质戈壁地表甲虫种类及数量进行了连续观测, 并测定了该区降水和温度。本文研究发现: (1)戈壁地表甲虫由步甲科、叶甲科、象甲科、粪金龟科和拟步甲科5科21种组成, 阿小鳖甲(Microdera kraatzi alashanica)、戈壁琵甲(Blaps gobiensis)和波笨粪金龟(Lethrus potanini)是优势地表甲虫种; (2)戈壁地表甲虫活动节律存在明显年季变异, 地表甲虫的活动期在3-10月, 地表甲虫活动密度的最大值出现在4-7月, 而物种丰富度的最大值均在5月出现; (3)降水增多的2019年地表甲虫的活动密度明显增加, 且2019年地表甲虫物种丰富度和多样性指数显著高于2018年; (4)地表甲虫的取食类型和个体大小影响它们的活动节律, 降水增多的年份提高了植食性的象甲科和部分拟步甲科的活动密度, 而一些拟步甲科的活动密度对降水的响应存在一定的滞后性; (5)降水和温度变化强烈影响地表甲虫活动节律, 地表甲虫的个体数和物种数与月降水量和月平均温度呈显著的二次曲线和指数关系, 植食性和捕食性甲虫对降水及温度变化响应较腐食性甲虫敏感, 大甲虫对降水变化的响应较中甲虫和小甲虫敏感。总之, 降水及温度变化影响了戈壁地表甲虫的活动节律, 而不同地表甲虫种对二者的响应因其生理生态特征不同而异, 从而影响了地表甲虫群落动态变化规律。

关键词: 河西走廊中部, 戈壁, 地表甲虫, 群落动态, 功能性状

Abstract

Aims: The purpose of the study is to further understand the species/genus composition and activity rhythms of ground-dwelling beetles of gobi.
Methods: From January to December during 2018 and 2020, the number of individuals and species of ground-dwelling beetles in a gobi desert of the Hexi Corridor were continuously observed with pitfall traps, and the climatic elements of the region were observed.
Results: (1) Ground-dwelling beetles of the gobi were composed of 21 species from 5 families, including carabid, chrysomelid, curculionid, geotrupid and tenebrionid, and Microdera kraatzi alashanica, Blaps gobiensis and Lethrus potanini were the dominant species; (2) The activity rhythm of ground-dwelling beetles in gobi had obvious seasonal variations. The activity period of ground-dwelling beetles were from March to October, the activity density of ground-dwelling beetles peaked in April to July, and the species richness of ground-dwelling beetles peaked in May; (3) The activity density of ground-dwelling beetles increased significantly in 2019 with increased precipitation, and the species richness and diversity index of ground-dwelling beetles decreased significantly in 2018 with decreased precipitation; (4) The type of feeding and individuals size of ground-dwelling beetles affected their activity rhythm. The years of increased precipitation increased the activity density of the curculionid of phytophagous and some species of the tenebrionid, and the response of the activity density of some species of tenebrionid showed a certain hysteresis with precipitation; (5) The change of precipitation and temperature strongly affected the activity rhythm of ground-dwelling beetles. The number of individuals and species of ground-dwelling beetles had a significant quadratic and exponential relationship with monthly average precipitation and temperature. The response of phytophagous and predatory beetles to the change of precipitation and temperature were more sensitive than those of beetles of saprophagy, the response of large beetles to the change of precipitation were more sensitive than those of medium and small beetles.
Conclusion: The change of precipitation and temperature affect the activity rhythm of gobi ground-dwelling beetles, and the responses of different ground-dwelling beetle species to them are different due to their different physiological and ecological characteristics, which affect the dynamic changes of the ground-dwelling beetles communities.

Key words: the middle of Hexi Corridor, gobi, ground-dwelling beetles, community dynamics, functional traits

林永一, 王永珍, 冯怡琳, 赵文智, 高俊伟, 刘继亮 (2022) 河西走廊中部戈壁地表甲虫群落动态变化及其影响因素. 生物多样性, 30, 22343. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022343.

Yongyi Lin, Yongzhen Wang, Yilin Feng, Wenzhi Zhao, Junwei Gao, Jiliang Liu (2022) Dynamic change of ground-dwelling beetle community in a gobi desert of the middle of Hexi Corridor and its influencing factors. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22343. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022343.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022343

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I12/22343

图/表 8

图1 2018-2020年1-12月研究区月降水量(MP)、月平均温度(MAT)、月平均最高温度(MATmax)和月平均最低温度(MATmin)

Fig. 1 Monthly precipitation (MP), monthly average tempera- ture (MAT), monthly average maximum temperature (MATmax) and minimum temperatures (MATmin) at the study area from January to December during 2018 and 2020

图2 2018-2020年戈壁地表甲虫物种丰富度估算曲线

Fig. 2 Estimation curves of species richness of ground-dwelling beetles in gobi from 2018 to 2020

图3 2018-2020年戈壁地表甲虫活动密度(a)、物种数(b)、多样性指数(c)和均匀度指数(d)比较。柱形图上方的a、b、c代表是否存在显著性差异(P < 0.05), 字母相同代表无显著性差异, 字母不同代表存在显著性差异。

Fig. 3 Comparison of activity density (a), species number (b), diversity index (c) and evenness index (d) of ground-dwelling beetles in gobi from 2018 to 2020. The letters above the bar chart, a, b and c represent whether there are significant differences (P < 0.05). The same letters indicate no significant differences, while different letters indicate significant differences.

图4 2018-2020年戈壁主要地表甲虫种活动密度比较。图中柱形图上方的a、b、c代表是否存在显著性差异(P < 0.05), 字母相同代表无显著性差异, 字母不同代表存在显著性差异。

Fig. 4 Comparison of activity densities of nine major ground-dwelling beetle species in gobi from 2018 to 2020. The letters above the bar chart, a, b and c represent whether there are significant differences (P < 0.05). The same letters indicate no significant differences, while different letters indicate significant differences.

图5 2018-2020年3-10月地表甲虫活动密度和物种丰富度变化

Fig. 5 Changes in activity density and species richness of ground-dwelling beetles from March to October during 2018 and 2020

图6 2018-2020年3-10月9种主要地表甲虫活动密度变化

Fig. 6 Changes in activity density of nine major ground-dwelling beetles from March to October during 2018 and 2020

图7 地表甲虫个体数和物种数与月降水量和月平均温度的关系

Fig. 7 Relationship between the number of individuals and species of ground-dwelling beetles and monthly precipitation and monthly average temperature

表1 地表甲虫群落、营养功能群、个体大小及主要类群与月降水量和平均温度的Spearman相关系数。MP表示月降水量, MAT表示月平均温度。黑色加粗数字表示存在显著性差异, P < 0.05。

Table 1 Spearman correlation coefficients between the community, trophic groups, body sizes, and dominant taxa of ground-dwelling beetles and monthly precipitation (MP) and monthly average temperature (MAT). Bold black numbers indicate significant difference, P < 0.05

地表甲虫 Ground-dwelling beetles	月降水量 MP		月平均温度 MAT
地表甲虫 Ground-dwelling beetles	r	P	r	P
群落 Community
所有地表甲虫
活动密度 Activity density	0.33	0.116	0.56	0.005
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.40	0.052	0.56	0.005
捕食性甲虫 Predatory beetles
活动密度 Activity density	0.69	< 0.001	0.69	0.001
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.69	< 0.001	0.66	< 0.001
植食性甲虫 Herbivorous beetles
活动密度 Activity density	0.72	< 0.001	0.37	0.076
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.76	< 0.001	0.44	0.032
腐食性甲虫 Detritivorous beetles
活动密度 Activity density	0.17	0.435	0.49	0.015
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.14	0.525	0.45	0.029
个体大小 Body size
大甲虫 Large beetles
活动密度 Activity density	0.43	0.035	0.50	0.013
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.45	0.028	0.49	0.016
中甲虫 Medium beetles
活动密度 Activity density	0.28	0.193	?0.10	0.646
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.37	0.076	?0.02	0.929
小甲虫 Small beetles
活动密度 Activity density	0.19	0.369	0.64	< 0.001
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.21	0.333	0.73	< 0.001
主要甲虫种 Dominant beetle species
波笨粪金龟 Lethrus potanini	0.60	0.002	0.13	0.552
大甜菜象 Cleonus verrucosus	0.45	0.029	0.71	< 0.001
深洼齿足象 Deracanthus jakovlevi	0.54	0.007	0.26	0.214
宽突东鳖甲 Anatolica sternalis	?0.25	0.232	?0.34	0.105
戈壁琵甲 Blaps gobiensis	0.34	0.107	0.45	0.028
中华砚甲 Cyphogenia chinensis	0.15	0.498	0.51	0.011
洛氏脊漠甲 Pterocoma loczyi	0.04	0.837	0.17	0.420
阿小鳖甲 Microdera kraatzi alashanica	0.20	0.340	0.64	< 0.001
克氏扁漠甲 Sternotrigon kraatzi	0.19	0.375	0.57	0.004

地表甲虫 Ground-dwelling beetles	月降水量 MP		月平均温度 MAT
地表甲虫 Ground-dwelling beetles	r	P	r	P
群落 Community
所有地表甲虫
活动密度 Activity density	0.33	0.116	0.56	0.005
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.40	0.052	0.56	0.005
捕食性甲虫 Predatory beetles
活动密度 Activity density	0.69	< 0.001	0.69	0.001
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.69	< 0.001	0.66	< 0.001
植食性甲虫 Herbivorous beetles
活动密度 Activity density	0.72	< 0.001	0.37	0.076
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.76	< 0.001	0.44	0.032
腐食性甲虫 Detritivorous beetles
活动密度 Activity density	0.17	0.435	0.49	0.015
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.14	0.525	0.45	0.029
个体大小 Body size
大甲虫 Large beetles
活动密度 Activity density	0.43	0.035	0.50	0.013
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.45	0.028	0.49	0.016
中甲虫 Medium beetles
活动密度 Activity density	0.28	0.193	?0.10	0.646
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.37	0.076	?0.02	0.929
小甲虫 Small beetles
活动密度 Activity density	0.19	0.369	0.64	< 0.001
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.21	0.333	0.73	< 0.001
主要甲虫种 Dominant beetle species
波笨粪金龟 Lethrus potanini	0.60	0.002	0.13	0.552
大甜菜象 Cleonus verrucosus	0.45	0.029	0.71	< 0.001
深洼齿足象 Deracanthus jakovlevi	0.54	0.007	0.26	0.214
宽突东鳖甲 Anatolica sternalis	?0.25	0.232	?0.34	0.105
戈壁琵甲 Blaps gobiensis	0.34	0.107	0.45	0.028
中华砚甲 Cyphogenia chinensis	0.15	0.498	0.51	0.011
洛氏脊漠甲 Pterocoma loczyi	0.04	0.837	0.17	0.420
阿小鳖甲 Microdera kraatzi alashanica	0.20	0.340	0.64	< 0.001
克氏扁漠甲 Sternotrigon kraatzi	0.19	0.375	0.57	0.004

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河西走廊中部戈壁地表甲虫群落动态变化及其影响因素

Dynamic change of ground-dwelling beetle community in a gobi desert of the middle of Hexi Corridor and its influencing factors

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